1,721,060 research outputs found
The tripartite auction folk theorem
No full textWe formally study two bidder first-price, second-price, and all-pay auctions with known values, deriving the equilibrium payoffs and strategies and showing when all three yield the same equilibrium payoffs to the bidders. This latter result, the tripartite auction theorem, does not hold for all auctions, in particular it can fail for symmetric auctions with high stakes and in auctions with very low stakes
Selection and Gratitude: Anonymity and gratitude
Full text linkWhat kind of candidate is selected into a job when the principal has to appoint a
committee to measure the candidate's ability and select a winner through a call specifying
a wage for the job? In a model where the principal fixes the wage anticipating the
committee's choice, under a rather natural assumption about the committee's objective
we find that if the committee takes into account the candidate's gratitude a candidate
with less than first best ability will be selected in equilibrium. First best selection is
achieved if the committee is anonymous to the candidates. If the committee could also
set the wage the first best candidate would be selected, but the principal would be worse
off hence he would not implement full delegation
Deciphering the nuclear bile acid receptor FXR paradigm
No full textOriginally called retinoid X receptor interacting protein 14 (RIP14), the farnesoid X receptor (FXR) was renamed after the ability of its rat form to bind supra-physiological concentrations of farnesol. In 1999 FXR was de-orphanized since primary bile acids were identified as natural ligands. Strongly expressed in the liver and intestine, FXR has been shown to be the master transcriptional regulator of several entero-hepatic metabolic pathways with relevance to the pathophysiology of conditions such as cholestasis, fatty liver disease, cholesterol gallstone disease, intestinal inflammation and tumors. Furthermore, given the importance of FXR in the gut-liver axis feedbacks regulating lipid and glucose homeostasis, FXR modulation appears to have great input in diseases such as metabolic syndrome and diabetes. Exciting results from several cellular and animal models have provided the impetus to develop synthetic FXR ligands as novel pharmacological agents. Fourteen years from its discovery, FXR has gone from bench to bedside; a novel nuclear receptor ligand is going into clinical use
Evolving to the impatience trap : the example of the Farmer-Sheriff Game
Full text linkFil: Levine, David K. Universidad de San Andrés. Departamento de Economía; Argentina.Fil: Modica, Salvatore. Universidad de San Andrés. Departamento de Economía; Argentina.Fil: Weinschelbaum, Federico. Universidad de San Andrés. Departamento de Economía; Argentina.Fil: Zurita, Felipe. Universidad de San Andrés. Departamento de Economía; Argentina.The literature on the evolution of impatience, focusing on one-person decision problems,
finds that evolutionary forces favor the more patient individuals. This paper shows that in
the context of a game, this is not necessarily the case. In particular, it offers a two-
population example where evolutionary forces favor impatience in one group while
favoring patience in the other. Moreover, not only evolution but also efficiency may
prefer impatient individuals. In our example, it is efficient for one population to evolve
impatience and for the other to develop patience. Yet, evolutionary forces move the
wrong populations
Lezioni di macroeconomia
No full textIl volume presenta la macroeconomia classica di base: vengono esposti la teoria della crescita di Solow e il modello AS-AD classico nei tre mercati: lavoro, beni/fondi e moneta. Il capitolo finale invita alla macro microfondata attraverso l'analisi di un'economia a due periodi e delle relative scelte intertemporali di consumatori e imprese. Il risultato è un'esposizione del core della macroeconomia classica. Costante enfasi è posta sul fatto che la materia studia gli equilibri, e su come le forze di mercato si muovono quando l'economia è fuori dall'equilibri
Characterizing Bile Acid and Lipid Metabolism in the Liver and Gastrointestinal Tract of Mice
No full textMouse models that mimic human diseases are invaluable tools to study and discover genetic and pharmacological therapies for human diseases. The protocols described in this article are intended to assess general clinical parameters in the context of the enterohepatic system under both normal and pathological conditions. Methods are presented for characterizing liver and intestinal function with a focus on bile acid and lipid metabolism in the gut-liver axis
Collusion constrained equilibrium
Full text linkWe study collusion within groups in noncooperative games. The primitives are the preferences of the players, their assignment to nonoverlapping groups, and the goals of the groups. Our notion of collusion is that a group coordinates the play of its members among different incentive compatible plans to best achieve its goals. Unfortunately, equilibria that meet this requirement need not exist. We instead introduce the weaker notion of collusion constrained equilibrium. This allows groups to put positive probability on alternatives that are suboptimal for the group in certain razor's edge cases where the set of incentive compatible plans changes discontinuously. These collusion constrained equilibria exist and are a subset of the correlated equilibria of the underlying game. We examine four perturbations of the underlying game. In each case,we show that equilibria in which groups choose the best alternative exist and that limits of these equilibria lead to collusion constrained equilibria. We also show that for a sufficiently broad class of perturbations, every collusion constrained equilibrium arises as such a limit. We give an application to a voter participation game that shows how collusion constraints may be socially costly
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
- …
