11 research outputs found
Pemanfaat Kacang Hijau Sebagai Bahan Tambahan Dalam Pembuatan Kwetiau.
No full textABSTRAK Hasan, Mochammad Fuad. 2012. Pemanfaat Kacang Hijau Sebagai BahanTambahan Dalam Pembuatan Kwetiau. Tugas Akhir, Progam Studi D3Tata Boga, Jurusan Teknologi Industri, Fakultas Teknik, UniversitasNegeri Malang. Pembimbing (1) Dra. Nunung Nurjanah, M.Kes (2) LailiHidayati, S.Pd. M.Si Kata kunci: Kacang hijau, kwetiau, uji kesukaan Kacang hijau (Phaseolus radiatus L) berasal dari famili Leguminoseaseatau polong-polongan. Biji kacang hijau terdiri atas tiga bagian utama, yaitu kulitbiji 10%, kotiledon 88%, dan sisanya adalah lembaga 2%. Karbohidrat merupakankomponen terbesar kacang hijau yaitu 58%. Karbohidrat yang terdapatpadakacang hijau adalah pati, gula, dan serat, karena kacang hijau mengandungkarbohidrat dan protein yang cukup tinggi sehingga dapat dimanfaatkan sebagaisalah satu bahan dalam pembuatan kwetiau. Kwetiau termasuk salah satu makanan yang dapat digunakan sebagaipengganti nasi. Kwetiau memiliki bentuk seperti mie yang warnanya putih beningdengan bentuk pipih dan lebar dan terbuat dari tepung beras, tapioka, dan air.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui formulasi yang tepat dalam pembuatankwetiau dengan penambahan puree kacang hijau, serta untuk mengetahui tingkatkesukaan panelis terhadap warna, tekstur, dan warna, dan mengetahui harga jualkwetiau dengan penambahan puree kacang hijau. Formulasi resep yang tepat untuk kwetiau dengan penambahan pureekacang hijau adalah uji coba resep yang kedua yaitu dengan penambahan pureekacang hijau sebanyak 180 g. Formulasi resep tersebut menghasilkan kwetiauyang berwarna putih kekuningan, tekstur kenyal dan elastis, serta rasa yang gurih.Hasil dari uji kesukaan terhadap kwetiau dengan penambahan kacang hijau yaitupanelis yang menyatakan biasa saja atau netral sebesar 42,5% terhadap warnakwetiau dengan penambahan puree kacang hijau yang berwarna putih kekuningan,47,5% panelis menyatakan biasa saja atau netral terhadap tekstur kwetiau denganpenambahan puree kacang hijau yang kenyal dan elastis, dan 45% panelismenyatakan agak suka terhadap kwetiau dengan penambahan puree kacang hijauyang rasanya gurih. Harga kwetiau yang telah ditambah kacang hijau yaitu sebesarRp. 5.570,00 per 150 g
Strengthening Industrial IoT Security: An Analytical Review of Cryptographic Techniques and Blockchain-Based Solutions
No full textThe Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) has revolutionized traditional industrial systems by increasing connectivity, automation, and data-driven decision-making. However, this increased complexity also presents major cybersecurity-related challenges, including the threat of data breaches and operational disruptions. This study aims to provide an analytical review of cryptographic techniques and blockchain-based solutions in strengthening IIoT security. Combining bibliometric analysis and Systematic Literature Review (SLR), analyzing peer-reviewed articles published between 2016 and 2023 were analyzed. The bibliometric analysis revealed significant research growth trends, key contributions from global institutions, and emerging research themes such as lightweight cryptography, blockchain-based authentication, and secure communication models for resource-constrained IIoT devices. Meanwhile, the SLR provides an in-depth synthesis of the technical approaches, benefits, limitations, and open challenges in this field. The results show that the combination of cryptography and blockchain can offer decentralized, tamper-resistant, and efficient security solutions. The study also identified an urgent need for the development of more integrated and energy-efficient security models, as well as the validation of solutions in real industrial environments. The findings are expected to provide valuable guidance for the development of more reliable and secure IIoT systems in the future
A proposed model for achieving equivalence in bilingual dictionaries
No full textThis paper aims to propose a model of equivalence for bilingual dictionaries by merging the concept of equivalence in two related disciplines, i.e., lexicography and translation studies. Then, current studies addressing the translation strategies to suggest equivalents are examined. The concept of equivalence is a much-debated issue in translation studies which over time has generated a host of terms to describe the many types and degrees of equivalences that are suited to a range of translational situations. In lexicography, the notion of equivalence is considered to be at the heart of bilingual and multilingual dictionary compilation. The lexicographic model of equivalence proposed in this paper relates closely to the first dimension in Cabré's theory (2003) and particularly to applied linguistics as the strategies for achieving equivalence are mainly based on many researchers' works in general, and Baker's (2018) for equivalence at the word level within the context of translation. Baker's strategies are further combined with strategies proposed by a number of established lexicographers with regard to attaining equivalence in general and specialized bilingual dictionaries. The authors of this paper strongly believe that the coming together of the two disciplines will provide wider options for more comprehensive equivalences to be achieved in specialized bilingual dictionaries.
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The maritime heritage of Yemen: a focus on traditional wooden "dhows"
No full textThis is the author accepted manuscript. The final version is available from Archaeopress.This paper investigates the disappearing heritage of Yemen’s large wooden boats (dhows), both in its current socio-economic context and in historical perspective. Fieldwork conducted by members of the MARES project in February 2009 along the coast between Aden and Salif sought to record remaining evidence of wooden boats and their related industries and practices. Wooden boat use has been in sharp decline in recent decades, as dhow-based commerce has declined, and fishing communities have switched to fibreglass vessels. The fieldwork sought to record remaining dhows through simple survey techniques including photography and illustration, as well as close observation. It also involved ethnographic interviews with people who worked on these vessels, either as builders or mariners. In terms of the vessels themselves, the aim was to produce a typology of Yemeni dhows; to record examples of each; to understand construction sequences; and to inventory the distribution of surviving craft. The findings are compared with previous literature on the subject.This research was conducted as part of the MARES Project, a three-year programme
investigating the maritime past and heritage of the Red Sea and Arabian-Persian Gulf.
MARES is based at the Institute of Arab and Islamic Studies of the University of Exeter
(http://projects.exeter.ac.uk/mares). The programme is generously funded by the Golden
Web Foundation, an educational charity registered in the UK (www.goldenweb.org).
Thanks are also due to the Seven Pillars of Wisdom Trust, which provided additional
financial support for the fieldwork. In addition, the MARES team would like to thank the
following people for their assistance: Dr Abdulla M. Bawazir, President of Yemen’s
General Organisation of Antiquities and Museums (GOAM); Dr Muhammad Taha al-
Asbahi, General Director of Antiquities at GOAM; Dr Raja Batawil, head of GOAM in Aden;
our GOAM-appointed field companion, Salah al-Mansuri; Mr. Hasan Saleh Shihab; Emily
Allardyce, Fuad Mazid al-Matairi and their colleagues at the British Yemeni Language
Institute; our driver and guide Muhammad al-Matairi; Edward Prados, Director of
Amideast; Chris Evans; the British Council; and the British Embassy, Sanʿā. The team
wishes to thank also the many individual informants along Yemen’s coast who generously
gave of their time and expertise
Artificial Intelligence in Population-Level Gastroenterology and Hepatology: A Comprehensive Review of Public Health Applications and Quantitative Impact.
No full textArtificial intelligence (AI), which includes machine learning and deep learning, is fundamentally changing public health in gastroenterology and hepatology-fields grappling with a significant global disease burden. This review focuses on the population-level applications and impact of AI, highlighting its role in shifting healthcare strategies from reactive treatment to proactive prevention. AI demonstrates substantial improvements across many different areas. In colorectal cancer, AI models significantly boost detection rates, successfully identifying a large majority of high-risk individuals often missed by traditional screening methods. For metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), advanced non-invasive tests offer a high degree of reliability in detecting liver fibrosis. The identification of viral hepatitis is enhanced with excellent accuracy, and gastrointestinal infection surveillance benefits from wastewater analysis that provides an early warning system weeks ahead of clinical case reporting. Furthermore, AI improves the diagnosis of upper GI cancers, such as gastric cancer, with higher diagnostic capability, and facilitates precision public health in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) through highly accurate risk prediction models. Despite these important advances, significant hurdles remain. Key challenges include ensuring diverse and representative data to prevent algorithmic bias, protecting patient privacy, establishing robust regulatory frameworks for new technologies, and successfully moving innovations from research settings into practical, real-world deployment. The unequal distribution of AI development and access between high-income countries and low- and middle-income countries risks exacerbating existing health disparities. To fully realize AI's transformative potential for global public health in gastroenterology and hepatology, these cross-cutting issues must be actively addressed through ethical design, rigorous validation, and equitable worldwide deployment. [Abstract copyright: © 2025. The Author(s).
Artificial Intelligence in Population-Level Gastroenterology and Hepatology: A Comprehensive Review of Public Health Applications and Quantitative Impact.
No full textArtificial intelligence (AI), which includes machine learning and deep learning, is fundamentally changing public health in gastroenterology and hepatology-fields grappling with a significant global disease burden. This review focuses on the population-level applications and impact of AI, highlighting its role in shifting healthcare strategies from reactive treatment to proactive prevention. AI demonstrates substantial improvements across many different areas. In colorectal cancer, AI models significantly boost detection rates, successfully identifying a large majority of high-risk individuals often missed by traditional screening methods. For metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), advanced non-invasive tests offer a high degree of reliability in detecting liver fibrosis. The identification of viral hepatitis is enhanced with excellent accuracy, and gastrointestinal infection surveillance benefits from wastewater analysis that provides an early warning system weeks ahead of clinical case reporting. Furthermore, AI improves the diagnosis of upper GI cancers, such as gastric cancer, with higher diagnostic capability, and facilitates precision public health in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) through highly accurate risk prediction models. Despite these important advances, significant hurdles remain. Key challenges include ensuring diverse and representative data to prevent algorithmic bias, protecting patient privacy, establishing robust regulatory frameworks for new technologies, and successfully moving innovations from research settings into practical, real-world deployment. The unequal distribution of AI development and access between high-income countries and low- and middle-income countries risks exacerbating existing health disparities. To fully realize AI's transformative potential for global public health in gastroenterology and hepatology, these cross-cutting issues must be actively addressed through ethical design, rigorous validation, and equitable worldwide deployment. [Abstract copyright: © 2025. The Author(s).
Muslim-Christian relations in Palestine during the British mandate period
No full textMy dissertation
examines
Muslim-Christian
relations
in Palestine during the British
mandate period, specifically, around the question of what constituted
Palestinian-Arab identity. More broadly
speaking, the dissertation
addresses the topic within the
context of the larger debate
concerning the role of material
factors (those
related to
specific
historical developments
and circumstances) versus that of
ideological
ones. in
determining
national
identities. At the beginning
of the twentieth, century, two models
of
Arab
nationalism were proposed-a more secular one emphasising a shared
language
and culture
(and thus, relatively
inclusive
of non-Muslims) and one wherein
Arab identity
was seen as essentially an extension of the Islamic
religious
community, or umma.
While
many
historians dealing
with
Arab
nationalism
have
tended to focus
on the role of
language (likewise, the role of
Christian Arab
intellectuals), I
would maintain that
it is the latter
model that proved
determinative
of
how
most
Muslim Arabs
came to conceive of their identity
as Arabs. Both
models
were essentially
intellectual
constructs; that the latter
prevailed
in the end reflects the
predominance of material
factors
over
ideological
ones.
Specifically, I
consider the
impact
of social, political and economic changes related to the Tanzimat
reforms and
European
economic penetration of the nineteenth century; the role of proto-nationalist
models of communal
identification-particularly
those related to religion; and
finally,
the role played
by
political actors seeking to gain or consolidate authority through the
manipulation of proto-nationalist symbols
Citizenship and political participation in the State of Kuwait : the case of National Assembly (1963-1996)
No full textEThOS - Electronic Theses Online ServiceGBUnited Kingdo
Plurality In Academic Tradition: The Case of Lecturers? Educational Background at the Graduate School Syarif Hidayatullah State Islamic University (UIN) Jakarta from 1982-2014
No full textThis book initially was a research which is completed and
submitted to the Graduate School Syarif Hidayatullah State Islamic
University (UIN) Jakarta, as a partial fulfillment of the requirements for
the degree of Master of Islamic Education.
The idea of the book originated primarily from a reality that
diversity occurs in all educational levels. For the UIN cases, the
phenomena of diversity can be noticed from its academic community;
whether it comes from different social or religious organizations,
educational background, cultural or ethnicity, countries or even
religions. Hence, as a unique institution which produces a distinct
tradition of Islamic studies, the UIN provide lecturers with different
scholarly tradition; either graduated from the Eastern, Western or local
universities.
To that end, I performed a research and focused merely on
lecturers? educational background to understand further how they dealt
with differences, in particular concerning the impact on students? work. I
presumed that lecturers struggled with internal conflicts since the
background has different educational tradition. The Western, Eastern
and local educational traditions have been explored further in this book
chapter to help readers understand these different entities respectively.
By exploring the notion of collaboration which closely related
with conflict resolution, I ended up with a conclusion that the East-West
tension nowadays have been melted, although not entirely. I argued that
lecturers? collaboration not only can be traced through the intrapersonal
or interpersonal aspects. The need to combined those two levels with an
additional aspect, the epistemological dimension; become substantial.
This statement can be verified since the epistemological dimension of
lecturers? educational background becomes the basis on both side to
work collaboratively. This general finding indicated that two salient
factors that support the process of lecturers? collaboration, including
their background as a pesantren graduates and their participation to
promote the Indonesian Islam. By having a team-work, they construct
the idea to promote the moderate culture amid academic community.
With this finding, I reaffirm a general statement which declared the
Graduate School UIN Jakarta as a smelting place. My hope that these
findings will give a positive contribution on discussion toward research
on East-West relationship, diversity and equity, lecturers? collaboration,
and professional communities. In view of that, I realized that this research to some degree is a
collaboration of so many people whom I cannot mention their names one
by one proportionally in this acknowledgment. For this reason, I would
like to express my sincere thanks and gratitude to all of people who have
assisted me in completing my study and in particular in finishing this
research.
First of all, I would like express my deepest gratitude to the
Graduate School, which delivers to the Rector of UIN Jakarta, Prof. Dr.
Dede Rosyada, MA; the Director of the Graduate School, Prof. Masykuri
Abdillah, MA; and to both Chairpersons of Doctoral and Master degree,
Prof. Didin Saepudin, MA and JM Muslimin, PhD. My deepest gratitude
also delivers to my thesis supervisor, Prof. Dr. Komaruddin Hidayat, MA
whose sharp criticism and insightful comments have made this work
much better that I could predict before. The choice of the Graduate
School as the focus of this study also owes much to his constructive
comments on my earlier proposal. Thanks to share the idea and
encourage me during every phase of my study.
My deepest appreciation also goes to all my lecturers who have
shared their knowledge and experiences during their lectures and
personal conversation with me. I owe much to Prof. Dr. Azyumardi Azra,
MA; Prof. Suwito, MA; Prof. Iik Arifin Mansurnoor, MA; Prof. M. Atho
Mudzhar, MSPD; Prof. Huzaemah Tahido Yanggo, MA; Prof. Yunan
Yusuf, MA; Prof. Zainun Kamaluddin Fakih, MA; Prof. Abuddin Nata,
MA; Prof. Abdul Mujib, MA; Prof. Murodi, MA; Fuad Jabali, PhD;
Yusuf Rahman, PhD; Muhammad Zuhdi, PhD; Dr. Abd. Chair; Ahmad
Luthfi Fathullah, MA; Asep Saepudin Jahar, PhD; Ayang Utriza Yakin,
PhD; Ahmad Dardiri, MA; Suparto, PhD; Usep Abdul Matin, PhD; Dr.
Gazi, MA. I also like to extend my gratitude to Prof. Quraish Shihab,
MA; Prof. A. Malik Fadjar, MA; Prof. Ahmad Aziz Dahlan, MA; Prof.
Zaitunah Subhan, MA; Prof. Yunasril Ali, MA; Prof. Nasaruddin Umar,
MA; Prof. Husni Rahim, MA; Bambang Suryadi, PhD; Yeni Ratna
Yuningsih, PhD; Nurlena Rifa?i, PhD; Didin Syafrudin, PhD; Din Wahid,
PhD; Ali Munhanif, PhD; and other lecturers. Their patience, feedback,
and comments were remarkable in guiding my study. To have had the
opportunity to learn from each of them is my privilege.
My deepest gratitude also goes to Dr. Shirley Baker from Alliant
University, California, USA; Prof. Dr. Margareth Gfrerer from DAAD
Scholarship Program, Germany; and Prof. Andi Faisal Bakti, MA; who
taught me the way to create a good academic writing. Although in this
study the author is still a beginner, yet this thesis become the first work
which developed in English language. I am grateful to them for allow me to join in their classes as a Master student representative among the
Doctoral candidates of the Graduate School in which I learned so much.
In addition, I would like to give my sincere thanks and
appreciation to PPIM UIN Jakarta. Special thanks deliver to the
directors: Saiful Umam, PhD; Dadi Darmadi, PhD; and Ismatu Ropi,
PhD; who provide lots of events related with the research on Islamic
Studies, such as seminars, conferences and even references in which I
collected the materials needed for writing this thesis. Other thankfulness
delivers to STFI Sadra with similar events in Islamic philosophy. Special
thanks go to Pak Dani Nur Fajar and Kak Rintis Mulya; who always
inform and delivers invitations for those events. By participating those
events I gain lots of information to enhance my knowledge in Islamic
studies.
Not less importantly, I also owe much to Bu Zulfa Indira
Wahyuni, M.Psi; as the secretary of my thesis supervisor. Thanks for
facilitate and arrange schedules for my meeting with the professor. I also
owe much to the Research Library of the Graduate School, from which I
collected the materials needed for writing this thesis. Special thanks to
Bu Alfida, Pak Imron and Mas Rofiq. Furthermore, the completion of
this study would not be possible without support and help from members
of the Graduate School. I am really indebted to Mas Arief, Mas Adam,
Kak Vhemmy, Kak Ima, Kak Nisa, Kak Haula Noor, Kak Windy, Pak
Nanang, Mas Jayadi, Mas Ikin, Mas Tony, Pak Anin, Mpok Siti, Pak
Rodian, Pak Muhali, Pak Opih, Pak Teguh, Pak Zul, Pak Nisan, Pak
Odang, Pak Rojalih (alm.), and other members of the Graduate School.
My gratitude goes next to Yayasan Al-Mas?udiyah, Sukabumi. I
would like to express my heartfelt gratitude to all the asa>ti>dh and santris
at the Pesantren Miftahul Huda Al-Mas?udiyah, Rindu Alam, Sukabumi.
A place where I was raised and educated with the religious sciences. A
place with a tranquility which stimulate me to learn more about ad-di>n
and pursue further for a higher degree in learning. My deepest gratitude
delivers to Abah Didi (KH. Syeikh Ibnu Mas?ud Rd. Didi Djajadinata);
Drs. Ade Suwardi Mufti Al-Huda; Ibu Hetty Munigar; H. Abdulrohman;
Drs. KH. Mustafidin Ahmad; Ust. H. Abdul Madjid, SM, MM.Pd (alm.);
Ust. H. Rahmat Saleh, S.Ag.
In particular, to my former college, STAI Al-Mas?udiyah; as a
place for me to express my notion in which I dedicated with. The
completion of this study would not be possible without the support from
the member of this institution. I would like to express my sincere
appreciation and thanks to Ust. H. Ahmad Bisri Musthafa, MA; Ust. Dr.
Ahmad Izzan, MA; Ust. Ade Djuanda, M.Ag (alm.); Ust. Drs. Soheh Abdurahman, M.Pd; Ibu Euis Andriani, M.Pd; Ust. Hoerudin, MA; Ust.
Zarqoni Heryanto, SE; Ust. Ariza Ajiwinata, SHI; Umi Khaeratunnisak,
S.Ag; Ust. Yudi Ruswandi, S.Pd.I; Ust. Asep Rijwan Suhendi, S.Pd.I;
Ust. Entis Sutisna, SHI; and other academic staff and lecturers. Other
thankfulness also delivers to Pesantren Al-Bayyinah, Muara Sanding,
Garut; as the first place at Indonesia that introduced to my family and
stayed before transferal to Sukabumi. My deepest gratitude delivers to
Abah Anwar (KH. Anwar Musaddad); Abah Yusuf (KH. Yusuf
Tauzirie); and to their family KH. Cecep Abdul Halim, Lc and Ibu Hj.
Lilis Nurjanah. My gratitude also delivers to Jemaah Salam Singapore
and Jemaah Al-Kautsar Batam; specially for mama Haslinda, uncle
Jailani, uncle Hamzah, uncle Jamaludin, and to all jemaahs. Thanks to
become my family in this world and the next. Their support and pray
from the beginning to the end of my study was extraordinary.
My thanks also deliver to my tutors and friends in the foreign
languages: to Mr. Harris, Herr Sonny, Yusuf Altuntas abi, Ibrahim
Terzioglu abi, Mr. Arthur Gubaydullin, Monsieur Abdelaziz Abbaci, Mr.
Abo Bakr Chalifa Amtar Ali, Simona Sienkiewicz, Jameela Musorma,
Farzona Saidova, Siti Maleekah, Siti Jannah. To my classmates, from the
Doctoral candidates in the year 2014/2015: Bu Rosdiana, Bu Rubiyanah,
Bu Yuke, Bu Suryani, Bu Nikmah, Bu Husnul, Bu Nisa, Bu Yanti, Pak
Mahmud, Pak Ayyub, Pak Hanafi, Pak Farhan, Pak Marsaid, Pak
Fauzani, Pak Afwan, Ust. Azmi, Pak Yoyo, Pak Udin, Pak Isa, Pak
Uksan, Ust. Istikhori, Pak Yusri, Pak Wari, Pak Pendeta (Hannas), Pak
Budi, Pak Fauzani, Pak Asep, Pak Syam, Pak Ayatullah, Pak Mujahid,
Pak Iman, Pak Julian, Dahrul Abi, Mas Sofi, Abg Zakaria, Abg
Zulfarizal. To my classmates from Master candidates in the year
2014/2015: Liana, Nurul, Mbk Izzah, Meta, Bu Zuraida, Bu Junaidah,
Zulfa, Arliana, Kak Khalilah, Syifa Abla, Mbk Yuni, Abg Sahlan, Abg
Amir, Abg Akmal, Bro Oka, Bro Nawir, Bro Tamam, Abg Harahap, Bro
Alwi, Bro Fauzan, Ust. Hizbullah, Bro Fawzi, Ust. Atho, Ust. Yunal,
Ust. Daud, A Anwar, A Komar, Bg Afif, Ust. Aziz, Bg Alfiandri, Bg
Zulkifli, Bro Imam, Ust. Sirojuddin, Bg Luthfi, Ust. Anang, and the
others. To my friends in the women quite room (WQR): Bu Nurlaila, Bu
Ainal, Bu Fadhlina, Bu Ida Musdafia, Kak Deffi, Unni Yeni, Kak Roza,
Bu Wulan, Kak Rifqy, Mutiara. Also other friends whom I recognized:
Pak Ali Halidin, Pak Idrianto Faishal, Pak Paulus Tasik Galle, Pak
Appriliantoni, Pak Daminto, Pak Yahya Agil, Pak Saparudin, Mas Adzan
Noor, Bu Any Widayatsari, Kak Wina Tresna Rahayu, Bu Umi Kulsum,
Bu Nuraini, Kak Ngainurrahmah, Abg Zain, Bro Yudril, Bro Fadhil, Bro
Hafidz, A Sansan, Mas Ainun, Kak Dewi Sutrisna, Kak Sonia, Abg Ikhwan, Bg Iwan, Bro Rof?il, Abg Mas?adi, Teh Rika, Vhya, Hasna, A
Fahmi, Bu Ipah, Bro Rama, Bro Adit, Mas Adeni, and other friends
whom I cannot mention their names one by one proportionally. Special
thanks to all of them who has helped me differently formulate my ideas
and enjoy the difficult time I had to face during the completion of my
study in Jakarta.
Not less importantly, also to those who act as my teacher and
friends: Pak Mu?min, Ust. Anshor, Pak Umar, Mr. Iksan, Pak Irawan,
Pak Hasan, Pak Zulfis, Pak Umar Syam, Pak Irvani, Pak Amir, Pak Asep
Saepulloh, Romo Gregorius Soetomo, Abg Irham; whose valuable
criticism and comments have helped me shape the focus of my study.
Also to Buya Ihsan Ahmad and to my Libyan friend?s, Bro Othman
Eltalis; who helped me to read and retranslate by using an appropriate
Arabic language for the abstract of this thesis. Thanks for taking the
time amid the bustle of activities. Thanks for the kindness and
encouragement.
To the one and my only sister, Masayu Fatimah Azzahrah Bte
Masagos Zainudin, I owe you many things for your sincere support and
help during the completion of this study. Thanks for having a great
discussion about our study while keep on accompany my loneliness in
Jakarta. Thanks to become the best sister and I promise to spend my
time more with you again after finishing the writing.
Above all, my deepest respect and gratitude go to my big family
at Singapore, the family of Masagos and Ibrahim. The most importantly
to my parent, Masagos Zainudin Bin Masagos Mohamad and Selina Bte
Ibrahim who always motivate with their loves and pray for my life. Their
decision to put me and my sister to learn and lives more at Sukabumi is
the best selection to gain more worthy life provision. Both affection for
us is one of the sublime realities of worldly life, therefore, filial gratitude
to them is a most urgent and tireless duty. Thanks for sacrifice your life
for both of us. Jazakalla>h ah}san al-jaza>?!
All praise is due to the Lord, the Almighty, who gives the
breath, the strength ? in truth everything ? to this humble servant. He
indeed, who taught me and assisted me in this life journey.
Alh}amdulilla>hi h}amdan kathi>ra>
