321 research outputs found
Leadership B. S. – Jefrey Pfeffer e a indústria da liderança
No full text“Developing leadership” is a constant search for professionals interested on acting in a more assertively in the organizations they perform their roles. Leadership BS is another endeavor by Jeffrey Pfeffer that makes us think over the tenets which the leadership industry, as the author refers to it, imposes to us daily. In a work based on the urgent need to incorporate evidence to a practice that could cause financial damage and other harmful consequences to the society, Pfeffer easily succeed on demonstrating why, for instance, some behaviors which are assumed as role models are nothing but fairy tales that only exist on classrooms and courses which efficacy is doubtful – if efficacy is understood as educating better leaders. The author challenges his readers to rethink the way they act, by understanding how psychological processes such as confirmation bias and self-deceiving reshape the wished format of leadership, which is taught, but nor practiced.“Desenvolver a capacidade de liderança” é uma constante na vida de profissionais interessados em atuar de forma mais assertiva nas organizações nas quais exercem suas atividades. Leadership BS é mais uma conquista de Jeffrey Pfeffer que nos obriga a repensar esses dogmas que a indústria da liderança, como assim a denomina o autor, nos empurram diariamente. Em um trabalho baseado na necessidade urgente de incorporar evidências a uma prática que pode causar prejuízos financeiros e diversos outros malefícios à sociedade, Pfeffer consegue demonstrar facilmente porque, por exemplo, alguns comportamentos tido como exemplares não passam de fábulas, que só existem em salas de aula e cursos de eficácia duvidosa – se, por eficácia, entender-se formar líderes melhores. O autor desafia seus leitores a repensarem a forma como atuam, entendendo que processos psicológicos como o viés de confirmação e o autoengano descaracterizam o formato desejado de liderança, aquele ensinado, mas não praticado.“Desenvolver a capacidade de liderança” é uma constante na vida de profissionais interessados em atuar de forma mais assertiva nas organizações nas quais exercem suas atividades. Leadership BS é mais uma conquista de Jeffrey Pfeffer que nos obriga a repensar esses dogmas que a indústria da liderança, como assim a denomina o autor, nos empurram diariamente. Em um trabalho baseado na necessidade urgente de incorporar evidências a uma prática que pode causar prejuízos financeiros e diversos outros malefícios à sociedade, Pfeffer consegue demonstrar facilmente porque, por exemplo, alguns comportamentos tido como exemplares não passam de fábulas, que só existem em salas de aula e cursos de eficácia duvidosa – se, por eficácia, entender-se formar líderes melhores. O autor desafia seus leitores a repensarem a forma como atuam, entendendo que processos psicológicos como o viés de confirmação e o autoengano descaracterizam o formato desejado de liderança, aquele ensinado, mas não praticado
Leadership B. S. – Jefrey Pfeffer e a indústria da liderança
No full text“Developing leadership” is a constant search for professionals interested on acting in a more assertively in the organizations they perform their roles. Leadership BS is another endeavor by Jeffrey Pfeffer that makes us think over the tenets which the leadership industry, as the author refers to it, imposes to us daily. In a work based on the urgent need to incorporate evidence to a practice that could cause financial damage and other harmful consequences to the society, Pfeffer easily succeed on demonstrating why, for instance, some behaviors which are assumed as role models are nothing but fairy tales that only exist on classrooms and courses which efficacy is doubtful – if efficacy is understood as educating better leaders. The author challenges his readers to rethink the way they act, by understanding how psychological processes such as confirmation bias and self-deceiving reshape the wished format of leadership, which is taught, but nor practiced.“Desenvolver a capacidade de liderança” é uma constante na vida de profissionais interessados em atuar de forma mais assertiva nas organizações nas quais exercem suas atividades. Leadership BS é mais uma conquista de Jeffrey Pfeffer que nos obriga a repensar esses dogmas que a indústria da liderança, como assim a denomina o autor, nos empurram diariamente. Em um trabalho baseado na necessidade urgente de incorporar evidências a uma prática que pode causar prejuízos financeiros e diversos outros malefícios à sociedade, Pfeffer consegue demonstrar facilmente porque, por exemplo, alguns comportamentos tido como exemplares não passam de fábulas, que só existem em salas de aula e cursos de eficácia duvidosa – se, por eficácia, entender-se formar líderes melhores. O autor desafia seus leitores a repensarem a forma como atuam, entendendo que processos psicológicos como o viés de confirmação e o autoengano descaracterizam o formato desejado de liderança, aquele ensinado, mas não praticado.“Desenvolver a capacidade de liderança” é uma constante na vida de profissionais interessados em atuar de forma mais assertiva nas organizações nas quais exercem suas atividades. Leadership BS é mais uma conquista de Jeffrey Pfeffer que nos obriga a repensar esses dogmas que a indústria da liderança, como assim a denomina o autor, nos empurram diariamente. Em um trabalho baseado na necessidade urgente de incorporar evidências a uma prática que pode causar prejuízos financeiros e diversos outros malefícios à sociedade, Pfeffer consegue demonstrar facilmente porque, por exemplo, alguns comportamentos tido como exemplares não passam de fábulas, que só existem em salas de aula e cursos de eficácia duvidosa – se, por eficácia, entender-se formar líderes melhores. O autor desafia seus leitores a repensarem a forma como atuam, entendendo que processos psicológicos como o viés de confirmação e o autoengano descaracterizam o formato desejado de liderança, aquele ensinado, mas não praticado
Istota koncepcji narodowego systemu innowacji
No full textThe article overviews recent developments in research into national innovation systems (NIS). The article shows the diverse ways in which the concept of the national innovation system is defined. Most of these definitions emphasize the importance of institutional conditions. The existing literature also provides a variety of interpretations when it comes to the components of a national innovation system. Generally speaking, there are two definitions of innovation systems, the author says, a narrow definition and a broad definition. The narrow definition presents an innovation system in terms of ties and collaboration between the main players in the innovation process – the science sector, public and private R&D institutions and large corporations. The broad definition, on the other hand, covers all the aspects of the economic structure and institutional setup that influence learning as well as “searching and exploring” – the production system, marketing system and the financial system. The article interprets the essence of these systems in terms of how they function. The author also shows their various aspects, typology as well as gaps and shortcomings in theoretical concepts. It highlights important differences between these systems. There are differences in how innovation systems are defined and how their components are interpreted, the author says. This is largely because national economies differ in terms of the structure of production and institutional systems. However, certain characteristics of national innovation systems are impervious to change and remain country-specific, according to Gorynia-Pfeffer. The author uses a number of research methods including literature review to compare innovation systems and highlight differences between them, including those related to terminology. The article emphasizes the importance of national innovation systems despite the growing popularity of ideas to establish regional, sector-specific or technological systems. Various researchers have asserted that the process of knowledge creation and innovation is a collective process that requires the cooperation of many actors. Innovation is the outcome of interaction of multiple actors and the result of synergistic and collective action rather than individual initiative, Gorynia-Pfeffer concludes
The complete mitochondrial genome of the Antarctic stalked jellyfish, Haliclystus antarcticus Pfeffer, 1889 (Staurozoa: Stauromedusae)
No full textAbstractIn present study, the complete mitogenome sequence of the Antarctic stalked jellyfish, Haliclystus antarcticus Pfeffer (Staurozoa: Stauromedusae) has been sequenced by next-generation sequencing method. The assembled mitogenome comprises of 15,766bp including 13 protein coding genes, 7 transfer RNAs, and 2 ribosomal RNA genes. The overall base of Antarctic stalked jellyfish constitutes of 26.5% for A, 19.6% for C, 19.8% for G, 34.1% for T and show 90% identity to Sessile Jelly, Haliclystus sanjuanensis, in the northeastern Pacific Ocean. The complete mitogenome of the Antarctic stalked jellyfish, contributes fundamental and significant DNA molecular data for further phylogeography and evolutionary analysis for seahorse phylogeny. The complete sequence was deposited in DBBJ/EMBL/GenBank under accession number KU947038
The role of vitamin D in neuroprotection in multiple sclerosis: an update
No full textMultiple sclerosis (MS) is a complex neurological condition that involves both inflammatory demyelinating and neurodegenerative components. MS research and treatments have traditionally focused on immunomodulation, with less investigation of neuroprotection, and this holds true for the role of vitamin D in MS. Researchers have already established that vitamin D plays an anti-inflammatory role in modulating the immune system in MS. More recently, researchers have begun investigating the potential neuroprotective role of vitamin D in MS. The active form of vitamin D, 1,25(OH)2D3, has a range of neuroprotective properties, which may be important in remyelination and/or the prevention of demyelination. The most notable finding relevant to MS is that 1,25(OH)2D3 promotes stem cell proliferation and drives the differentiation of neural stem cells into oligodendrocytes, which carry out remyelination. In addition, 1,25(OH)2D3 counteracts neurodegeneration and oxidative stress by suppressing the activation of reactive astrocytes and M1 microglia. 1,25(OH)2D3 also promotes the expression of various neuroprotective factors, including neurotrophins and antioxidant enzymes. 1,25(OH)2D3 decreases blood–brain barrier permeability, reducing leukocyte recruitment into the central nervous system. These neuroprotective effects, stimulated by 1,25(OH)2D3, all enhance neuronal survival. This review summarizes and connects the current evidence supporting the vitamin D-mediated mechanisms of action for neuroprotection in MS.Peer reviewedvitamin Dmultiple sclerosisneuroprotectionneurodegeneration1,25(OH)2D
Paganism, natural reason, and immortality: Charles Blount and John Toland’s histories of the soul
No full textMany Enlightenment freethinkers undermined the immortality of the soul by declaring that it could not be demonstrated by philosophy, and that its origins were inseparable from ancient superstition. Historians have argued that the key masterminds behind this particular historical-critical attack were the deists Charles Blount and John Toland. However, overemphasis on deist critiques has fostered the idea that it was rare to write about the history of the soul in the seventeenth century. In reality, historical accounts of the immortal soul were ubiquitous in this period. These histories included all the elements in deist histories that scholars have since deemed dangerous. I argue that writing a history of pagan belief in the soul was therefore not an intrinsically subversive move. Instead, Blount and Toland’s histories reworked narratives already available in mainstream scholarship on ancient paganism. It has now become common to argue that anticlerical arguments were forged in orthodox erudition. But if deists were not saying anything different to their contemporaries, why did their work raise such an outcry? I contend that their radical characters, the broader context of their respective oeuvres, and the circumstances in which their works circulated played a critical role in their reception
Christian materialism and the prospect of immortality
No full textIn the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries at least thirty English writers developed a materialist position that they argued was consistent with their Christian faith. While their heterodox ideas were connected with developments in natural philosophy and medicine, what they found more pressing was arriving at a genuinely biblical view of the person. These writers attempted to recover what they saw as ‘true’ Hebraic anthropology, which understood the soul to be mortal and material, and held that the resurrection of the body, rather than the immortality of the soul, provided assurance of life after death. These writers deployed existing exegetical methods and hoped to defend Christianity by reforming corrupt doctrines. Thus, while Christianity provided many in this period with reasons to attack materialism, it also provided many with motives to be materialists
Reassessing the marginalization of astrology in the early modern world
No full textThe marginalization of astrology – the protracted process by which a rich scholarly field and a highly skilled trade migrated into the margins of European culture – is coming to be recognized as one of the most fundamental transformations in the transition from the pre-modern to the modern world. Long assumed to be a casualty of the ‘scientific revolution’ and ‘Enlightenment’, since the 1970s historians have questioned the power of intellectual developments to carry the weight of this major shift, and have constructed alternative social, political, and cultural narratives. However, in the last fifteen years, the field has been making a (re-)turn to intellectual history, albeit in innovative ways. This critical historiographical review accumulates and digests this large body of new work, showing how these historiographical about-turns leave us with broader questions about the role of ideas in cultural transformations, as well as – on a smaller scale – the processes by which individuals change their minds. I close the review by contending that after decades of neglect, it is an opportune time to bring intellectual history back into our studies of the ‘disenchantment of the world’
The Concept of the National Innovation System
No full textThe article overviews recent developments in research into national innovation systems (NIS). The article shows the diverse ways in which the concept of the national innovation system is defined. Most of these definitions emphasize the importance of institutional conditions. The existing literature also provides a variety of interpretations when it comes to the components of a national innovation system. Generally speaking, there are two definitions of innovation systems, the author says, a narrow definition and a broad definition. The narrow definition presents an innovation system in terms of ties and collaboration between the main players in the innovation process – the science sector, public and private R&D institutions and large corporations. The broad definition, on the other hand, covers all the aspects of the economic structure and institutional setup that influence learning as well as “searching and exploring” – the production system, marketing system and the financial system. The article interprets the essence of these systems in terms of how they function. The author also shows their various aspects, typology as well as gaps and shortcomings in theoretical concepts. It highlights important differences between these systems. There are differences in how innovation systems are defined and how their components are interpreted, the author says. This is largely because national economies differ in terms of the structure of production and institutional systems. However, certain characteristics of national innovation systems are impervious to change and remain country-specific, according to Gorynia-Pfeffer. The author uses a number of research methods including literature review to compare innovation systems and highlight differences between them, including those related to terminology. The article emphasizes the importance of national innovation systems despite the growing popularity of ideas to establish regional, sector-specific or technological systems. Various researchers have asserted that the process of knowledge creation and innovation is a collective process that requires the cooperation of many actors. Innovation is the outcome of interaction of multiple actors and the result of synergistic and collective action rather than individual initiative, Gorynia-Pfeffer concludes.Celem artykułu jest przedstawienie aktualnych badań teoretycznych na temat koncepcji narodowego systemu innowacji. Artykuł wskazuje na różnorodność definicji takich koncepcji. Większość definicji podkreśla ważność uwarunkowań instytucjonalnych. Literatura przedmiotu dostarcza różnorodne interpretacje elementów narodowych systemów innowacji. Ogólnie ujmując, występują dwie interpretacje systemów innowacji (wąskie i szerokie ujęcie). Wąska interpretacja tego zjawiska przedstawia system innowacji jako powiązanie i współpracę głównych aktorów procesu innowacji: sektora nauki, publicznych i prywatnych instytutów naukowo-badawczych oraz dużych korporacji gospodarczych. Natomiast szerokie ujęcie koncepcji systemów innowacji łączy w sobie cały system współdziałających instytucji oddziaływającego na proces uczenia się, poszukiwania i wykorzystania innowacji. Pomimo, iż występują pewne różnice w interpretacji definicji oraz elementów systemów innowacji, należy podkreślić, iż gospodarki narodowe są odmienne pod względem struktury systemów produkcyjnych i instytucjonalnych. Dlatego też pewne cechy modeli narodowych systemów innowacji nie ulegną zmianie i pozostaną specyficzne dla danych gospodarek narodowych. W artykule została wykorzystana metoda analizy literatury przedmiotu. Przedstawienie metod porównawczych systemów innowacji, miało na celu nie tylko zasygnalizowanie różnic występujących w stosowanej w ich wypadku terminologii oraz treści pojęć, ale również wskazanie na zróżnicowanie ram i założeń, cechujących badania empiryczne nad narodowymi systemami innowacji. Pomimo coraz bardziej popularnych koncepcji regionalnego, sektorowego czy też technologicznego systemu innowacji, nadal podkreśla się duże znaczenie narodowego systemu innowacji. Ważną cechą procesów innowacji jest obecnie ich systemowy charakter. W tym kontekście podkreślany jest fakt, iż proces tworzenia zasobów wiedzy innowacji uwarunkowany jest współpracą wielu podmiotów
Torque vectoring control for different powertrain layouts of hybrid and electric vehicles
No full textIn recent years the need in energy saving in transportation raised the attention on alternative powertrain. The main competitor of ICE become electric motors. With this type of powertrain it is possible to drastically change the power train layout of a vehicle. It is in fact possible to equip the vehicle with more than one single motor. In this paper the author analyses the effectiveness of a control strategy for lateral dynamics applied on different powertrain layouts comparing the performance of each layout with respect to others and with respect to the passive equivalent vehicle
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