1,721,141 research outputs found

    [Luigi de Micheli (c. 1918), funerary sculpture]

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    From Berresford: Luigi de Micheli (c. 1918), Enrico Butti, Cimitero Monumentale, Milan.Woman, lion.Title from Berresford

    Ecosystem functioning approach applied to a large contaminated coastal site: the study case of the Mar Piccolo of Taranto (Ionian Sea)

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    Knowledge on ecosystem functioning can largely contribute to promote ecosystem-based management and its application. The Mar Piccolo of Taranto is a densely populated area at a high risk of environmental crisis. Here, planktonic primary production (PP) and heterotrophic prokaryotic production (HPP) were measured as proxies of functioning in three sampling sites located in two inlets at different levels of industrial contamination, during three sampling surveys (June 2013, February and April 2014). To have a better overall view and provide some insights into the benthic-pelagic coupling, we integrated PP and HPP in the water column with those in the sediments and then discussed this with the origin of the organic matter pools based on analysis of stable isotopes. Heavy metals and polychlorobiphenyls (PCBs) were also analysed in the surface (1 cm) sediment layer and related to the overall ecosystem functioning. Multidimensional scaling (MDS) analysis, based on the main data, clearly separated the second inlet from the first one, more severely impacted by anthropogenic activities. The stable isotope mixing model suggested the prevalent terrestrial/riverine origin of the particulate organic matter pools (mean 45.5 %) in all sampling periods, whereas phytoplankton contributed up to 29 % in February. Planktonic PP and HPP rates followed the same pattern over the entire study period and seemed to respond to phytoplankton dynamics confirming this community as the main driver for the C cycling in the water column. On the contrary, benthic PP rates were almost negligible while HPP rates were lower or comparable to those in the water column indicating that although the Mar Piccolo is very shallow, the water column is much more productive than the surface sediments. The sediment resuspension is likely responsible for a pulsed input of contaminants into the water column. However, their interference with the proper functioning of the pelagic ecosystem seems to be limited to the bottom layers. © 2015, Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

    Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis

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    The present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed

    Model-based approach for indentation on soft electronic skin

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    The primary objective of this research is to develop a model-based framework for the indentation on the surface of a soft electronic skin. In the current paper, the model has been applied to a soft electronic skin embedding piezoelectric polymer (PVDF, polyvinylidene fluoride) transducers. We revisit in a dimensionless fashion an analytical solution of the problem presented in a previous contribution for a normal force (frictionless case) and extend the analysis to account for a tangential component of the contact force (frictional case). First, the transmission of Hertzian distributed forces through the skin elastomer layer to a PVDF transducer is analyzed, assuming a half-space model for the elastomer. Then, the above mathematical formulation has been employed to perform extensive FEM simulations such to extend the analytical solutions for the half-space case to the real configuration where the elastomer layer has finite thickness and the transducer is not necessarily vertically aligned with the indenter. The model is applied to the case of a dragon skin, a well-known soft alternative to the silicone-based PDMS e-skin discussed in the previous paper. The model can be easily extended to other sensor types, provided the transducer is integrated on a rigid substrate and converts the pressure acting on its upper surface into a proportional electrical signal. The present framework is a first step towards the construction of a general design tool for soft electronic skins based on pressure transducers, regardless of the specific transducer type and material employed for the soft cover
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