1,720,953 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Caratterizzazione del comportamento della proteina HMGB1 in due linee cellulari di cancro colorettale (HCT116 TP53 +/+ e HCT116 TP53 -/-) trattate con 1,4-benzochinone e diepossibutano
No full textRiassunto
High mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) è una proteina multifunzionale coinvolta in numerosi processi cellulari ed extracellulari. A livello del nucleo è principalmente implicata nel rimodellamento della cromatina e nel mantenimento della stabilità genomica. A livello citoplasmatico è coinvolta nell’induzione dell’autofagia e nell’inibizione dell’apoptosi. A livello extracellulare agisce come molecola di pattern molecolare associato a danno (damage-associated molecular pattern, DAMP) per mediare la risposta infiammatoria difensiva indotta da una condizione di stress cellulare. Proprio per le sue caratteristiche multifunzionali, HMGB1 sembra svolgere un ruolo controverso nello sviluppo e nella terapia del cancro. Localizzandosi nel nucleo, come proteina coinvolta nella riparazione del DNA, svolgerebbe un ruolo protettivo nei confronti della cancerogenesi, mentre, traslocando nell’ambiente extracellulare, promuovendo l’infiammazione può favorire la progressione tumorale. Dal momento che l’attività di HMGB1 è strettamente correlata alla sua localizzazione, per approfondire la conoscenza sul comportamento di suddetta proteina, in questo studio è stata esaminata la sua localizzazione in due linee cellulari di cancro colorettale umano: una linea proficiente di p53, HCT116TP53+/+; e una linea deficiente di p53, HCT116TP53-/-. Ciò è stato valutato sia in condizioni spontanee, sia in seguito a induzione di uno stress genotossico rappresentato dal trattamento in vitro con 1,4-benzochinone (BQ) e 1,2,3,4-diepossibutano (DEB). Come controllo positivo è stato utilizzato l’oxaliplatino, uno dei chemioterapici di elezione per il trattamento del cancro colorettale. Il composto causa danni al DNA legandosi covalentemente ad esso, inibendo la replicazione del DNA e inducendo il danno attraverso la formazione di addotti. Il BQ è il principale metabolita del benzene e la sua esposizione causa tumori ematopoietici come la sindrome mielodisplastica e la leucemia mieloide acuta. Il BQ induce rotture e riarrangiamenti cromosomici, stallo della forca replicativa e interferisce direttamente con l’attività della topoisomerasi di tipo I. Il DEB è il più potente metabolita attivo dell’1,3-butadiene, un inquinante atmosferico regolamentato in quanto mutagenico e cancerogeno, ed è noto per indurre formazione di legami crociati tra i filamenti di DNA.
Il danno genotossico è stato valutato con il saggio dei foci γ-H2AX, una metodica sperimentale basata sull’immunofluorescenza che sfrutta la capacità dell’isoforma istonica H2AX di essere rapidamente fosforilata sulla serina 139 in risposta a formazione di double strand break, creando foci visibili al microscopio. Il comportamento della proteina HMGB1 è stato caratterizzato tramite l’impiego di metodiche di immunofluorescenza al fine di determinarne la localizzazione cellulare. Con le modalità sopra descritte è stato possibile ottenere una visione dettagliata della risposta cellulare ai trattamenti, con un focus sulla capacità della proteina di rispondere al danno. I risultati ottenuti mostrano che, in un contesto di stress genotossico indotto da agenti chimici, la proteina HMGB1 trasloca dal citoplasma al nucleo, dimostrando di svolgere il suo ruolo di proteina associata alla cromatina e coinvolta nella riparazione.
Abstract
High mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) is a multifunctional protein involved in numerous cellular and extracellular processes. At nuclear level, it is mainly implicated in chromatin remodeling and maintenance of genomic stability. At cytoplasmic level, it is involved in the induction of autophagy and inhibition of apoptosis. At extracellular level, it acts as a damage-associated molecular pattern (DAMP) to mediate the defensive inflammatory response induced by a condition of cellular stress. Due to its multifunctional characteristics, HMGB1 seems to play a controversial role in the development and therapy of cancer. Localizing in the nucleus, as protein involved in DNA repair, HMGB1 plays a protective role against carcinogenesis, while translocating in the extracellular environment and promoting inflammation, it can enhance tumor progression. Since HMGB1 activity is closely related to its localization, to gain further insight into the behavior of this protein, in this study we examined its localization in two human colorectal cancer cell lines: a p53-proficient line, HCT116TP53+/+; and a p53-deficient line, HCT116TP53-/-. This was evaluated both under spontaneous conditions and after induction of genotoxic stress represented by in vitro treatment with 1,4-benzoquinone (BQ) and 1,2,3,4-diepoxybutane (DEB). Oxaliplatin, one of the chemotherapeutic agents of choice for the treatment of colorectal cancer, was used as a positive control. The compound causes DNA damage by covalently binding to it, inhibiting DNA replication and inducing damage through adduct formation. BQ is the main metabolite of benzene and its exposure causes hematopoietic cancers such as myelodysplastic syndrome and acute myeloid leukemia. BQ induces chromosomal breaks and rearrangements, replication fork stalling, and directly interferes with type I topoisomerase activity. DEB is the most potent active metabolite of 1,3-butadiene, an air pollutant considered a human carcinogen, and is known to induce cross-linking between DNA strands.
Genotoxic damage was assessed with the γ-H2AX foci assay, an experimental method based on immunofluorescence that exploits the ability of the histone isoform H2AX to be rapidly phosphorylated on serine 139 in response to double strand break formation, creating foci visible under the microscope. The behavior of the HMGB1 protein was characterized by using immunofluorescence methods to determine its cellular localization. With the methods described above it was possible to obtain a detailed view of the cellular response to treatments, with a focus on the ability of the protein to respond to damage. The results obtained show that, in the context of genotoxic damage induced by chemical agents, HMGB1 translocates from the cytoplasm to the nucleus demonstrating a role as a chromatin-associated protein involved in DNA repair
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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