324,459 research outputs found
A dádiva, a sovinice e a beleza: economia da Cultura Matis, Vale do Javari, Amazônia
No full textTese (doutorado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Antropologia SocialEssa tese trata sobre a economia da cultura dos Matis, um povo indígena amazônico, sua circulação de conhecimentos com o exterior e suas relações com estrangeiros de diferentes matizes. Alguns desses estrangeiros são nëix (animais); outros, tsussin (forças vitais, seres ou potências desencorporadas); outros, nawa (povos indígenas vizinhos, brasileiros ou gringos). Dentre esses últimos, relações econômicas se dão especialmente com jornalistas/ documentaristas, turistas e pesquisadores. Transações diversas são etnografadas em ritos, mitos, práticas xamânicas, filmagens, programas turísticos, comércio de objetos e em outras relações cosmopolitanas. Um ponto fundamental estudado é a afirmação dos Matis de que querem ser um povo numeroso, ser um povo grande. A economia de pessoas está entretecida com as economias da cultura. Os Matis querem desses povos estrangeiros (animais, tsussin, gringos) tecnologias (num sentido amplo) para conseguir crescer, ter corpos mais duros e fortes, serem mais e mais poderosos, mais belos. Os estrangeiros aparecem como os principais outros de quem se quer adquirir poder, tecnologias, estéticas e através de quem se pode expandir pelo cosmos. A tese trata de temas clássicos da etnologia amazônica como economia de pessoas (corpos), com foco em sovinices e circulações de conhecimentos e coisas (transações, aquisições ou roubos de mitos, cantos, poderes xamânicos, farmacopéia, pedaços de corpos, motores e outros bens). Trato de economia, portanto, em uma compreensão generosa, qualquer definição clássica etimológica de #economia# como cuidado, manejo ou organização da casa (do grego "oikos" e "nomia") será alargada aquiThis thesis is about the economy of culture of the Matis - an Amazonian indigenous people, its circulation of knowledge with the outside and its relations with different foreigners. Some of those foreigners are nëix (animals); some, tsussin (vital forces, desincorporated beings or potencies); others are nawa neighbouring indigenous peoples, Brazilians and gringos. Among these last ones, economic relations take place specially with journalists/film makers, tourists and researchers. Several transactions are ethnographed in rites, myths, shamanic practices, filming, touristic programs, objects# trading and in other cosmopolitan relations. A fundamental point of the present study is the Matis# affirmation that they want to be a numerous people, to be bigger. The economy of people is interwoven with the economy of culture. The Matis want from these foreign peoples (animals, tsussin, gringos) technologies (in a broad sense) so that they can grow, to have bodies that are harder and stronger, to be more and more powerful, more beautiful. The foreigners appear as the #special others# from whom to acquire power, technologies, aesthetics and through whom it is possible to expand throughout the cosmos. The thesis treats classic themes in Amazonian ethnology such as economy of people (bodies), with focus in the stinginess and the circulation of knowledge and things (transactions, acquisitions or robberies of myths, songs, shamanic powers, pharmacopoeia, body parts, engines and other stuff). So, I treat economy in a generous comprehension, any classic etymologic definition of #economy# as care, management or organization of the house (from the greek "oikos" and "nomia") will be broaden her
SYNTHESIS OF MAGNETIC CROSS-LINKED ENZYME AGGREGATES WITH ETHANOL PRECIPITATION
No full textDiplomsko delo zajema pripravo magnetnih zamreženih encimskih skupkov (ali na kratko mCLEAs) iz encima celulaze. Naš namen je bil določiti optimalne pogoje za pripravo mCLEAs tako, da bosta učinkovitost in aktivnost imobilizacije zamreženih encimskih skupkov najvišja. V prvem delu diplomskega dela smo pripravili magnetne zamrežene encimske skupke s precipitacijo z etanolom. Pri tem smo spreminjali različne parametre (hitrost stresanja, čas stresanja, koncentracijo glutaraldehida in temperaturo), medtem ko je bil namen drugega dela diplomskega dela izpostavitev mCLEAs različnim temperaturam (23°C, 4°C, -15°C), ter ugotavljanje, kako se aktivnost mCLEAs pri različnih pogojih izpostavitve spreminja s časom.
Naši rezultati prikazujejo, da je bila aktivnost mCLEAs najvišja, ko smo si mCLEAs pripravili pri 10°C in uporabili 0,7 % koncetracijo glutaraldehida.
Pri izpostavitvi mCLEAs različnim temperaturam pa smo ugotovili, da aktivnost mCLEAs s časom najbolj upada kadar so bili mCLEAs izpostavljeni pri -15°C.The aim of this work was to prepare the magnetic cross-linked enzyme aggregates (or briefly mCLEAs) of the enzyme cellulase. Our goal was to optimize the preparation of mCLEAs so that the efficiency and activity of the immobilized cross-linked enzyme would be preserved. In the first part of the thesis, we used ethanol precipitation to prepare magnetic cross-linked enzyme aggregates. In this part we tested how different condition (agitation rate, the agitation time, the concentration of glutaraldehyde, and temperature) affect mCLEAS activity. In the second part of the thesis we tested how different temperatures that we used during mCLEAs preparation (23 ° C, 4 ° C, -15 ° C) affect the final mCLEAs activity.
Our results show that we obtain the highest final mCLEAs activity when we are working at 10°C and using 0.7% glutaraldehyde.
The highest decrease in mCLEAs activity we obtained when mCLEAs were exposed to -15 ° C
Synthesis and isolation of nanocellulose from bacteria Gluconacetobacter xylinus
No full textMagistrska naloga zajema izolacijo, sintezo ter karakterizacijo bakterijske nanoceluloze. V prvem delu magistrske naloge smo se osredotočili na pripravo rastnega medija in različnih produkcijskih gojišč ter gojenje bakterije Gluconacetobacter xylinus. V drugem delu smo najprej izolirali bakterijsko nanocelulozo (BNC) iz produkcijskega gojišča z kalcijevim karbonatom ter produkcijskega gojišča s citronsko kislino z obdelavo z natrijevim hidroksidom (NaOH). Na koncu smo oba vzorca BNC karakterizirali z različnimi analiznimi metodami. Z metodami FTIR, SEM in EDS smo dokazali, da sta oba vzorca vsebovala celulozo. Z metodo EDS/DLS pa smo dokazali, da je BNC pridobljena iz medija s citronsko kislino bolj temperaturno obstojna, prav tako se je v tem mediju sintetiziralo največ BNC.The master\u27s thesis involves the isolation, synthesis and characterization of bacterial nanocellulose. The first part of the master\u27s thesis is focused on the preparation of growth medium and various production media and the cultivation of the bacterium Gluconacetobacter xylinus. In the second part, the isolation of bacterial nanocellulose (BNC) from the calcium carbonate production medium, and the production medium with citric acid by treatment with sodium hydroxide (NaOH) was described. In the end, both BNC samples were characterized by different analytical methods. With the FTIR, SEM and EDX methods was demonstrated that both samples contained cellulose. However, with the EDX/DLS method was observed that BNC obtained from the medium with citric acid is more temperature resistant, and also more BNC have been produced in this medium
Dinâmica de espécies na agricultura indígena do Vale do Javari - AM: o caso dos Matis e Marubo
No full textDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Ciências Agrárias. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Agroecossistemas.A visão depreciativa em relação à população rural aprofundou o descaso com muitos sistemas de conhecimento nativo, cujo conteúdo era expresso de forma discursiva e simbólica. Poucos trabalhos foram realizados e ainda pouco se conhece sobre os sistemas tradicionais de produção. Os estudos realizados têm demonstrado a diversidade e complexidade dos padrões de cultivo, dos sistemas de manejo e conservação de solos, usos da água, reciclagem de nutrientes, controle da sucessão e proteção das culturas, além da incorporação de grande número de cultivares, importantes para o desenvolvimento de programas de melhoramento genético. A agricultura itinerante constitui a forma tradicional de uso da terra mais praticada na América Latina. Alternando-se períodos de cultivo e regeneração da floresta, é possível manejar a fertilidade do solo e controlar pragas e doenças, estabelecendo policultivos e sistemas agroflorestais com alto grau de sustentabilidade. Nos sistemas tradicionais indígenas da Amazônia, os produtos de maior importância são o milho, a mandioca e a banana, representando as fontes básicas de carboidratos. Com a conquista européia da Amazônia, os cacicados indígenas estabelecidos na várzea e que mantinham forte o cultivo de milho, foram destruídos e os grupos indígenas restantes tiveram que retornar ao cultivo de mandioca, que se mantém como alimento principal para a maior parte das populações nativas até os dias atuais. Em diversos grupos indígenas, no entanto, a banana vem se tornando o cultivo mais importante. É o que vem acontecendo com os índios Matis e Marubo, grupos Pano do Vale do Javari, no Amazonas. Esses grupos praticam uma agricultura de derrubada e queima, conformando sistemas agroflorestais. Constitui o objetivo deste trabalho estudar as razões e conseqüências da substituição de espécies no repertório dos cultivos Matis e Marubo, no contexto atual, cujo fato mais marcante está nas substituições da mandioca e milho pela banana. Utilizando-se metodologias qualitativas em um longo período de convívio com os grupos pesquisados, estudou-se os seus sistemas agrícolas e as mudanças ocorridas, onde a substituição de espécies foi o fator mais relevante. Resultados do trabalho indicaram que a introdução e a adaptação da banana contribuiu para a melhoria do agroecossistema e permitiu aos indígenas se adaptarem melhor à nova realidade pós-contato com a sociedade nacional, além dos ganhos na dieta e no rendimento do trabalho na roça. O conhecimento indígena sobre o seu agroecossistema pode ser visto como um processo co-evolutivo, na medida em que sociedade e sistema agrícola evoluem, mantendo-se as características básicas de interação ecológica
Matis e korubo: contato e índios isolados no Vale do Javari, Amazônia
No full textDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas. Programa de Pós-graduação em Antropologia Socia
Perception of health care professionals on compulsory vaccination in slovenia
No full textUvod: Cepljenje smo spoznali kot najučinkovitejšo metodo za preprečevanje nalezljivih bolezni. Ker je vedno več ljudi, med katerimi so tudi zdravstveni delavci, ki izražajo dvom v cepljenje, smo se odločili raziskati stališča zdravstvenih delavcev glede programa obveznega cepljenja.
Metode: Uporabili smo kvantitativno metodologijo in opisno metodo zbiranja podatkov. Anketni vprašalnik smo razdelili stotim zdravstvenim delavcem, zaposlenim v eni izmed bolnišnic in zdravstvenem domu na vzhodu države. Podatke smo z osnovno statistiko obdelali s pomočjo statističnega programa IBM SPSS Statistics.
Rezultati: Velika večina zdravstvenih delavcev kljub negativnemu prizvoku cepljenja to še vedno zagovarja in je mnenja, da se program obveznega cepljenja tudi ohrani. V primeru, da program cepljenja več ne bi bil obvezen, bi anketirani svoje otroke še vedno cepili proti nalezljivim boleznim, ki spadajo v program obveznega cepljenja. Nekoliko manj anketiranih se odloča za cepljenja, ki so prostovoljna, in kot razlog temu navajajo negativne stranske učinke, kot so bolečina, oteklina, rdečina na mestu cepljenja, povišana telesna temperatura in alergična reakcija.
Razprava in sklep: Pri cepljenju otrok imajo starši veliko vlogo, zato morajo biti za njih dostopni vsi relevantni viri, ki poučujejo in opolnomočijo o cepljenju, da si starši ustvarijo pozitivno mnenje in cepijo svojega otroka. Najbolj pomemben vir edukacije in osveščanja mladih staršev so in morajo biti zdravstveni delavci, ki jih motivirajo in poučujejo, saj so zdravstveni delavci visoko na lestvici, kar se tiče stopnje zaupanja. Prav zaradi tega je potreben profesionalen pristop in medoseben odnos, da si lahko z otroki in starši ustvarimo zaupanje.Introduction: We have learned that vaccination is the most effective method to prevent infectious diseases. Because more and more people, including health professionals, express doubts about vaccination, we decided to investigate the views of health professionals regarding the compulsory vaccination program.
Methods: We used a quantitative methodology and the descriptive method of data collection. The survey questionnaire was distributed to 100 health professionals employed in one of the hospitals and a community health center in the east of the country. The data were processed with basic statistics employing the statistical program IBM SPSS Statistics.
Results: Despite the negative connotation of vaccination, the vast majority of health professionals still advocate vaccination and believe that the compulsory vaccination program should be maintained. If the vaccination program was no longer mandatory, respondents would still vaccinate their children against infectious diseases that are a part of the mandatory vaccination program. Slightly fewer respondents opt for vaccinations that are voluntary citing negative side effects, such as pain, swelling, redness at the vaccination point, fever, and an allergic reaction.
Discussion and conclusion: Parents play a big role in vaccinating their children. Therefore, all relevant resources that inform and empower them about vaccination must be available to them so that parents can form a positive opinion and vaccinate their children. The most important source of education and awareness for young parents is and should be the health professionals who motivate and inform them because health professionals are high on the scale regarding the level of trust. Especially because of that, we need a professional approach and an interpersonal relationship so that we can build trust with children and parents
Curare Alkaloids: Constituents of a Matis Dart Poison
No full textA phytochemical study of dart and
arrow poison from the Matis tribe led to the identification of d-(−)-quinic acid, l-malic acid, ethyldimethylamine,
magnoflorine, and five new bisbenzyltetrahydroisoquinoline alkaloids
(BBIQAs), <b>1</b>–<b>5</b>. <i>d</i>-Tubocurarine could not be identified among these products. BBIQA
(<b>3</b>) contains a unique linkage at C-8 and C-11′.
All structures were characterized by a combination of NMR and HRESIMS
data. The effects of Matis poison and individual BBIQAs (<b>1</b>–<b>3</b>) on rat muscle nAChR expressed in <i>Xenopus</i> oocytes have been investigated using the two-electrode
voltage clamp technique
Diffusive author(s), cohesive author: Analysis of S/N (1994)
No full textThis study indicates the ways in which various aspects of the author(s) are brought forth in Dumb type’s performance art, the S/N production. Previous research has suggested a non-hierarchical organization of Dumb type and the absence of a “privileged author” in Dumb type’s collaborative work, S/N. However, the results that I have investigated from member’s interviews on the creative process of S/N along with my analysis of the recorded images of S/N, indicate a different aspect of the author(s). First, S/N was created through, so to speak, the collective ideas of the members of Dumb type. Further, S/N has at least nine quotations from previous performances, installations, and printed writings, besides the work-in-progress technique. Explicating one of the “author functions” as given by Michel Foucault, each text has plural subjects of the author. However, it has been revealed from members’ interviews that Teiji Furuhashi had a decision-making role in selecting the members’ ideas within the performance. Since then, S/N has had plural subjects of creation; however, Furuhashi is one of the subjects of creation along with the “privileged author.” S/N has plural authors (diffusive authors) yet at the same time, it has a “privileged author,” Teiji Furuhashi (cohesive author)
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
No full textThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
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