196,703 research outputs found
Intervento conclusivo
No full textVi sono casi in cui la legalità penale sostanziale possa dirsi violata da un certo modo di confezionare la prova della responsabilità? Se così fosse, si coltiverebbe una visione peculiare della legalità: ove si profili una cesura tra l'illecito, nella sua astratta definizione, e il modo di offrirne la prova nel processo, il sistema non potrebbe esimersi dal congegnare un rimedio di ordinamento che ristabilisca quanto la legalità impone. In questa prospettiva l'articolo rivisita i problemi fondamentali sollevati dai cosiddetti reati di sospetto, dalle presunzioni di offesa, dalle regole di giudizio sull'ascrizione della responsabilità penale
Libertà negoziale e responsabilità "senza prova" nell'usura bancaria. Note di politica penale
No full text1. La struttura del delitto di usura. 2. Usura “presunta” e responsabilità “senza prova”. 3. Accertamento del reato e principio di “verità”. 4. Limiti (necessari) alla presunzione di pericolo per il patrimonio. 5. Limiti (necessari) alla presunzione del danno patrimoniale. 6. La verifica concreta del disvalore del reato nei recenti indirizzi legislativi. 7. Sulla presunzione dello squilibrio tra prestazioni. 8. “Presunzione” della condotta tipica? Il «farsi dare»e il «farsi promettere». 9. L'abuso a carico della vittima quale requisito (non presumibile) della condotta. 10. Determinatezza e tasso usurario. 11. Il meccanismo di formazione del tasso usurario e le sue modifiche nel tempo. 12. Ulteriori profili problematici dal punto di vista della successione di leggi penali. 13. Usura e commissione di massimo scoperto. 14. Sintesi e prospettive di riforma: penale, amministrativo e civile nella “punizione” dell'usura
comparison of the mycobacteria growth indicator tube with radiometric and solid culture for isolation of mycobacteria from clinical specimens and susceptibility testing of Mycobacterium tuberculosis
No full textWe compared the mycobacteria growth indicator tube (MGIT) system with the BACTEC 460 TB and Loewenstein-Jensen (LJ) systems for the recovery of mycobacteria (acid-fast bacilli [AFB]) from 600 clinical specimens. A total of 50 AFB (32 Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex, 10 M. avium complex, 3 M. gordonae, 3 M. xenopi, 1 M. terrae and 1 M. fortuitum) were detected. MGIT recovered 50 isolates of AFB (100% sensitivity), and BACTEC 460 TB and LJ recovered 49 (98% sensitivity) and 19 (38% sensitivity) AFB isolates, respectively. The mean times to detect mycobacteria were 10, 10 and 25 days for MGIT, BACTEC 460, and LJ slants. All isolates of M. tuberculosis complex were tested for susceptibility to streptomycin, isoniazid, rifampin, and ethambutol with the MGIT and BACTEC 460 TB. Both systems yielded identical susceptibility data with different mean times to report (5.38 days for MGIT versus 7.33 days for BACTEC 460 TB, P<0.05). The results suggest that MGIT is equivalent to BACTEC 460 TB in its ability to support the growth of mycobacteria, but significantly more efficient than LJ. MGIT may also be used for susceptibility testing of primary antituberculosis drugs
Self-reported medication adherence and beliefs among elderly in multi-treatment: a cross-sectional study
No full textApplied Nursing Research
Available online 1 December 2015
In Press, Accepted Manuscript — Note to users
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Self-reported medication adherence and beliefs among elderly in multi-treatment: a cross-sectional study ☆ ☆☆ ★ ★★ ☆☆☆
Giancarlo Cicolini, MSN, PhDa, b, , Dania Comparcini, RN, MSN, PhDa, c, , Maria Elena Flacco, MDa, Lorenzo Capasso, MD, PhDa, Carlo Masucci, RN, MSNd, , Valentina Simonetti, RN, MSN, PhDa, c, ,
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doi:10.1016/j.apnr.2015.11.011
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Abstract
Aim
To evaluate the association between adherence to treatment and beliefs about medications in multi-treated elderly patients.
Background
A large body of evidence documented the importance of adherence to therapy in predicting clinical outcomes, and the association between adherence and medication beliefs in patients of various ages and with different health conditions. However, so far only a few studies have specifically investigated the associations between medication beliefs and adherence among elderly in polypharmacy.
Methods
In this multicentre cross-sectional study we used the MMAS-8 and BMQ Scales to assess medication adherence and beliefs about medications, respectively.
Results
The final sample consisted of 567 patients. Patients reporting higher levels of necessity or concerns about their medicines showed higher adherence (OR: 1.61, and 2.02, respectively; both p<0.001). Accepting patients (high necessity and low concerns) were less likely (OR: 0.24; p<0.001) to report adherence than ambivalent ones (high necessity and concerns).
Conclusions
Medication adherence is related to high Necessity and Concern about treatment. In nursing practice it is important to understand the specific barriers to adherence and to engage patients in the implementation of strategies to improve adherence
Proteasome inhibitors reconstitute the presentation of cytotoxic T-cell epitopes in Epstein-Barr virus-associated tumors
No full textEBV-infected cells and EBV-associated tumors may evade CTL recognition by defective antigen processing, resulting in poor presentation of CTL epitopes. Since the proteasome is the major source of MHC class I-presented peptides, we analyzed the effect of proteasome inhibitors on the expression of surface HLA class I and the generation of EBV-derived CTL epitopes presented by the HLA-A2 and HLA-A11 alleles. Treatment with covalent and reversible inhibitors of the proteasome partially reduced the total and allele-specific expression of surface HLA class I in EBV-carrying LCLs. HLA-A2 expression was also decreased by treatment with leupeptin and bestatin, while HLA-A11 expression was affected by treatment with phenanthroline. Despite their general inhibitory effect on HLA class I expression, all proteasome inhibitors tested enhanced the presentation of 2 subdominant HLA-A2 epitopes from EBV LMP1 and LMP2, while the presentation of the immunodominant HLA-A11-restricted epitope from EBNA4 was inhibited by MG132 and lactacystin and increased by ZL3VS. Treatment with ZL3VS restored the presentation of endogenously expressed EBNA4 in I HLA-A11-positive BL cell line. These findings suggest that specific inhibitors of the proteasome may be used to increase the antigenicity of virus-infected and malignant cells that are per se inefficient at generating particular CTL target epitopes. © 2002 Wiley-Liss, Inc
Cytokeratin 20-expressing M cells in tonsils take up particulate antigen. A site for the delivery of vaccines against oral pathogens?
No full textQuantitative and qualitative control of oral bacterial flora is a major issue in oral pathology and in the prophylaxis against cavities. Recent findings suggest that it is possible to induce local immune responses delivering antigens on palatine tonsils. M cells play an important role in the start of the immune response. These cells are located in the epithelia overlaying mucosal lymphoid follicles and are responsible for the uptake of particulate antigens. The identification of reliable markers for M cell is therefore extremely important. Since it has been reported that tonsillar immunization leads to the secretion of high levels of specific salivary antibody, we undertook a study to identify a marker for tonsillar M cells in order to plan strategies of oral immunization against oral pathogens. We studied cytokeratin 20 expression in rabbit tonsils by immunofluorescence and confocal microscopy. Cytokeratin 20 immunoreactive cells were observed in all samples examined. These cells were identified as M cells as they co-expressed vimentin, a well-known marker of rabbit M cells, and they actively uptook particulate material. It is therefore possible to hypothesize the use of tonsil M cells as a possible site for antigen delivery of particle-based vaccines against oral pathogens
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