1,720,957 research outputs found
Survival of the copepod Acartia tonsa following egg exposure to near anoxia and sulfide at different pH values
No full textThe impact of near anoxia (1.78 × 10–3 to 3.56 × 10–3 mmolO2 l–1) and anoxia/sulfide
(~1 mmol l–1) on hatching and viability of eggs of the planktonic copepod Acartia tonsa was evaluated.
Since the equilibrium concentration of the sulfide species is influenced by pH and the different
species have different capacities to enter cells, the impact of sulfide was analyzed at pH 8.2 and 6.5.
The consequences of egg exposure for growth and survival of the hatched organisms were also studied.
Subitaneous eggs, spawned by laboratory-reared organisms, were incubated in near anoxia or
anoxia/sulfide for different periods (1, 4, 15 and 32 d) and then transferred to normoxic conditions.
Short exposure to near anoxia or anoxia/sulfide did not affect egg viability and subsequent growth
and survival. Exposure times ≥15 d caused significant declines in hatching and strong reductions in
life expectancy. No significant differences between the effects of near anoxia and anoxia/sulfide (at
both pHs) were observed following incubation for 15 d. After 32 d incubation, the hatching success of
eggs exposed to anoxia/sulfide at pH 8.2 was significantly higher than that of eggs exposed to near
anoxia or to anoxia/sulfide at pH 6.5, and life expectancy was also less reduced. The results indicate
that long exposure of eggs to anoxia/sulfide is less detrimental to A. tonsa than near anoxia alone
when the pH is in the range of natural seawater (7.9 to 8.3). It seems to be more detrimental when pH
is as low as that reached in pore waters (6.0 to 6.5)
Bioavailability, bioaccumulation and tolerance of Chromium: consequences in the food chain of freshwater ecosystems
No full text
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Standardized methods for acute and semi-chronic toxicity tests with the copepod Acartia tonsa
No full textThe availability of standardized protocols both for organism culture and bioassay with ecologically relevant species is of great concern in ecotoxicology. Acartia tonsa represents an important, often dominant, member of zooplankton communities and meets all the practical criteria suggested for model species. New standardized procedures for laboratory culturing of the copepod A. tonsa and standardized methods for acute (24 and 48-h) and semi-chronic (7-d, static-renewal) toxicity tests with the nauplius stage are described. In both cases, eggs are the starting stage and nauplius immobilization is the endpoint. The methods were the object of an inter-comparison test involving 9 laboratories; nickel was the reference toxicant. Relative reproducibility was 24, 25, and 34% for 24-h, 48-h, and 7-d tests, respectively
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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