1,721,467 research outputs found
Umani ed esistenti: somiglianze e distinzioni di carattere ontologico
No full textReview of Ph. Descola, Oltre natura e cultura, Raffaello Cortina, Milano, 202
The Ka’ulayawaa festivals among the Wayùu. Exploring continuities and variations in forms, meanings and contexts through ethnographic sources
Full text linkIn this paper I review and compare the main sources of information about the ka’ulayawaa festivals among the Wayùu, an Amerindian people inhabiting in the semiarid Guajira peninsula (Northern Colombia and Venezuela). For their peculiar mix of songs, dances, imitative plays and competitive games, inserted into a same festive framework, these festivals are particularly interesting to be studied as expressive metacommentaries (in the sense of Turner) of Wayùu social structures, cultural values and worldview. Nevertheless, they have not so far been the subject of a specific anthropological analysis, also because they ceased to be celebrated around the middle of the twentieth century, that is, before the beginning of the first professional ethnographic studies on this population. Any attempt of “reconstruction” of the form, meaning and context the ka’ulayawaa festivals, and of their place in the Wayùu “socio-cosmology” must take in account not only the convergences and the divergences in the descriptions present in the ethnographic documentation available, but also, and above all, the continuous processes of change that have affected the Wayùu, at least in the last five centuries and, with an accelerated pace, in the last hundred years, and to which their sociocultural forms dynamically adapted. Most historical and ethnographic sources argued that in the ka’ulayawaa festivals “theatrical” expressiveness prevailed over symbolic efficacy, and “playfulness” over “rituality”. However, there are very strong and complex relationships between this “festive” and “playful” character of the ka’ulayawaa festivals and a series of fundamental cosmological oppositions of the Wayùu worldview, as described in the ethnographic literature. From the analysis that I have conducted, it can be said that the imitative and competitive games performed during the ka’ulayawaa festivals conformed and, at the same time, “played”, with these socio-cosmological oppositions and the order that they imply. This argument is reinforced by the most recent historical and ethnographical sources on these festivals, which highlight how their good outcome was perceived and considered among many Wayùu people as a “serious matter” and a source of concern and care on the part of all participants, especially the organizers, to the point of requiring prior intervention and approval of superhuman entities. It is therefore appropriate to take in account the coexistence of these traits in the ka’ulayawaa festivals in view of their possible analysis from the point of view of current theoretical reflections in anthropology on the relationship between rituality, playfulness and cosmolog
Synthesis and Application of Innovative and Environmentally Friendly Photocatalysts: A Review
No full textModern society faces two major challenges: removing pollutants from water and producing energy from renewable sources. To do this, science proposes innovative, low-cost, and environmentally friendly methods. The heterogeneous photocatalysis process fits perfectly in this scenario. In fact, with photocatalysis, it is possible both to mineralize contaminants that are not easily biodegradable and to produce hydrogen from the water splitting reaction or from the conversion of organic substances present in water. However, the main challenge in the field of heterogeneous photocatalysis is to produce low-cost and efficient photocatalysts active under visible light or sunlight. The objective of this review is to compare the new proposals for the synthesis of innovative photocatalysts that reflect the requirements of green chemistry, applied both in the removal of organic contaminants and in hydrogen production. From this comparison, we want to bring out the strengths and weaknesses of the proposals in the literature, but above all, new ideas to improve the efficiency of heterogeneous photocatalysis guaranteeing the principles of environmental and economic sustainability
GLI ANTROPOLOGI SOCIOCULTURALI E LA “SOSTENIBILITÀ”. ALCUNE PROSPETTIVE
No full textThe chapter proposes a critical discussion of the notions of sustainability and sustainable development. It should be noted that the global and national policies of "sustainable development" implemented in the last thirty years have failed to stop the worsening of the planetary crisis and of climate change of anthropogenic origin at the planetary level. We then go over some of the main lines of reflection and analysis on these issues within socio-cultural anthropolog
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Un futuro incerto. Processi di sviluppo e popoli indigeni in America Latina
No full textIl volume offre una panoramica delle questioni riguardanti i complessi rapporti tra processi e concetti di sviluppo e popolazioni indigene dell'America del sud. nella prima parte del libro vengono esaminati i temi dell'etnosviluppo e dello sviluppo indigeno, le politiche delle istituzioni internazionali in questa materia, la genealogia del concetto moderno di sviluppo e i rapporti tra antropologia e sviluppo. Nella seconda parte, vengono presentati studi di caso riguardanti processi di sviluppo e popolazioni indigene nella Guajira colombiana e viene discusso il rapporto tra modelli indigeni di sviluppo, politiche multiculturali e dell'identità in America Latin
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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