1,721,125 research outputs found
Castiglia P, Campus G, Maida C, Sotgiu G, Campo P, Gusinu R, Scanu R. Il rischio infettivo negli ambulatori pubblici. Valutazione della contaminazione microbica
No full textCastiglia P, Campus G, Maida C, Sotgiu G, Campo P, Gusinu R, Scanu R. Il rischio infettivo negli ambulatori pubblici. Valutazione della contaminazione microbica
No full textInflammation and inflammatory cell recruitment in acute cerebrovascular diseases
No full textInflammation seems to play a major role in the pathogenesis of ischemic stroke as well as in other forms of brain damage. Ischemic brain injury induces a strong inflammatory response that begins in the microcirculation and involves several cell types and molecules, leading to neuronal death. The immune system is actively involved in the pathogenesis of acute brain damage through a set of events that include leukocyte and monocyte infiltration into the brain, activation of resident cells, including microglia, astrocytes and endothelial cells, and the elevated production of several inflammatory molecules, such as cytokines, that together play a complex role in the pathophysiology of ischemic brain damage, as illustrated in animal models and stroke patients. These immune cells are activated and recruited in damaged tissues at different times. Immunity and inflammation are thus key elements in the pathogenic processes of acute cerebral ischemia, and therefore the use of anti-inflammatory therapeutic strategies to antagonize inflammatory mechanisms triggered by cerebral ischemia may improve the outcome of stroke. Several drugs have been produced to counteract inflammation. However, while they have proven effective in animal models of stroke they have not been successful in clinical trials because of unacceptable side-effects. Although several aspects of the inflammatory cerebral response to ischemia are still unclear and many questions have not been answered yet, it is clear that inflammation plays an important role and represents an integral part of the complex pathogenic mechanisms that characterize stroke, and therefore the study of inflammatory responses to post-ischemia and the development of agents able to counteract it represent the future of treating ischemic stroke. In this primer we will reexamine some aspects of involvment of inflammatory cells in cerebrovascular disease
Diabetic foot syndrome: Immune-inflammatory features as possible cardiovascular markers in diabetes
Full text linkreported as vascular complications of diabetes mellitus
associated with a high degree of morbidity and
mortality. Diabetic foot syndrome (DFS), as defined
by the World Health Organization, is an “ulceration
of the foot (distally from the ankle and including
the ankle) associated with neuropathy and different
grades of ischemia and infection”. Pathogenic events
able to cause diabetic foot ulcers are multifactorial.
Among the commonest causes of this pathogenic
pathway it’s possible to consider peripheral neuropathy,
foot deformity, abnormal foot pressures, abnormal joint
mobility, trauma, peripheral artery disease. Several studies
reported how diabetic patients show a higher mortality
rate compared to patients without diabetes and in
particular these studies under filled how cardiovascular
mortality and morbidity is 2-4 times higher among
patients affected by type 2 diabetes mellitus. This
higher degree of cardiovascular morbidity has been
explained as due to the observed higher prevalence
of major cardiovascular risk factor, of asymptomatic
findings of cardiovascular diseases, and of prevalence and
incidence of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events
in diabetic patients with foot complications. In diabetes
a fundamental pathogenic pathway of most of vascular
complications has been reported as linked to a complex
interplay of inflammatory, metabolic and procoagulant
variables. These pathogenetic aspects have a direct
interplay with an insulin resistance, subsequent obesity,
diabetes, hypertension, prothrombotic state and blood
lipid disorder. Involvement of inflammatory markers such
as IL-6 plasma levels and resistin in diabetic subjects
as reported by Tuttolomondo et al confirmed the
pathogenetic issue of the a “adipo-vascular” axis that
may contribute to cardiovascular risk in patients with
type 2 diabetes. This “adipo-vascular axis” in patients
with type 2 diabetes has been reported as characterized
by lower plasma levels of adiponectin and higher
plasma levels of interleukin-6 thus linking foot ulcers
pathogenesis to microvascular and inflammatory events.
The purpose of this review is to highlight the immune
inflammatory features of DFS and its possible role as a
marker of cardiovascular risk in diabetes patients and to
focus the management of major complications related to
diabetes such as infections and peripheral arteriopathy
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
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