1,354,098 research outputs found
I prefetti delle flotte di Miseno e di Ravenna nella testimonianza dei diplomi militari: novità e messe a punto
No full textI Prefetti delle flotte di Miseno e di Ravenna nella testimonianza dei diplomi militari: novità e messe a punto
No full textLa documentazione sui prefetti delle flotte pretorie, dal I alla metà del III secolo d.C., si è notevolmente accresciuta negli ultimi decenni ed è sempre in aumento. Lo rivela già il confronto tra i fasti delleCarrières procuratoriennes(1961) e delSupplément(1982) diH.-G. Pflaum, che offrono un punto di riferimento fondamentale, e altri pubblicati in seguito: da M. Reddé nel 1986, da W. Eck e H. Lieb nel 1993, con aggiornamenti dell'Eck e di M.M. Roxan nel 1995 e, infine, da E. Paunov nel 2005 (solo per la Misenense).I nuovi documenti, non ancora noti al Pflaum, solo in pochi casi sono rappresentati da epigrafi onorarie. Più numerosi, invece, sono i diplomi militari. Infatti, se consideriamo solo quelli di attribuzione sicura o, in alcuni casi, molto probabile, allaRavennaso allaMisenensis, siamo passati, rispettivamente, dai 5 e 13 testi, raccolti nelCILXVI e citati dallo studioso, a 25 e 47. Scopo della presente indagine, dunque, è mettere in evidenza i contributi che i nuovi diplomi offrono alla conoscenza dei prefetti delle due flotte
Different patterns of white matter and immunological alterations in the various phases of bipolar disorder
No full textBipolar disorder (BD) is a prevalent recurrent and chronic mental disease, clinically characterized by
the occurrence of active phases of illness, mania and depression, alternated to asymptomatic periods
of euthymia. Considering the complex clinical presentation of BD, our work aimed to investigate the
neurobiological underpinning of the various phases of BD separately in order to detect their specific
abnormalities, thus helping clarifying the pathophysiology of this disorder.
Firstly, we investigated potential abnormalities of brain white matter (WM) in BD by using the
diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) technique. By using a tract-based spatial statistics (TBSS) voxel-wise
approach, we found a widespread alteration in WM microstructure (as evidenced by a decrease in
fractional anisotropy (FA) and increase in mean diffusivity (MD) and radial diffusivity (RD)
parameters) in BD, showing distinct patterns of changes in the different phases of illness. In
particular, such WM abnormalities were larger in the active phases of illness (i.e., depression and
mania) with respect to euthymia. Then, by using a probabilistic tractography, we coherently detected
a reduction in the structural connectivity of the cingulum in mania.
Secondly, we explored potential factors associated with the observed pattern of WM alterations of
BD, by conducting a combined immunological-DTI study on an independent BD sample. By using a
TBSS approach, we found a widespread combined FA-RD alteration mainly in the manic phase, with
relatively specific involvement of the body of corpus callosum (BCC) and superior corona radiata
(SCR). Then, by using flow cytometry, we detected peripheral immunological alterations in the manic
phase, mainly characterized by an increase in CD4+ T cells as well as a decrease in total CD8+ T
cells and their subpopulations effector memory (CD8+CD28-CD45RA-), terminal effector memory
(CD8+CD28-CD45RA+) and CD8+IFNγ+. Finally, an association between WM and immunological
alterations was found in the whole cohort, and a correlation of FA-RD alterations in the BCC and
SCR with reduced CD8+ terminal effector memory and CD8+IFNγ+ T cells was detected in mania.
Finally, we conducted a longitudinal study, collecting both DTI and bio-humoral follow-up data of
our sample and investigating WM and immunological alterations in BD patients across their different
phases of illness. The results preliminarily confirmed our previous findings in a longitudinal
perspective, by showing increased FA/decreased RD in midline structures complemented by an
increase in the circulating activated CD8+ T cell subsets, in BD patients passing from active phases
to euthymia.
Collectively, these findings suggest a new pathophysiological model of mania. Accordingly, an acute
immune response may occur in mania, sustained by early generated CD4+ T cell compartment (likely
with T helper function), leading to activation of CD8+ effector T cell subpopulations that leave the
circulation to migrate into the brain, where exert their cytotoxic action, finally leading to WM
damage. Our model thus supports a relationship between BD and immune-inflammatory neurological
diseases such as multiple sclerosis. Moreover, our results suggest a prominent role of mania in BD
and, interestingly, seem to be in accordance with the “primacy of mania” hypothesis, where mania is
described as the fire of BD and seen as the core of the pathophysiology of the illness. Finally, our
data suggest a potential role for immunotherapy as an important future aid in the treatment of BD
Microstructural white‐matter abnormalities and their relationship with cognitive dysfunction in obsessive–compulsive disorder
No full textBackground: In recent years, diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) studies have detected subtle microstructural abnormalities of white matter (WM) in obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). However, findings have been inconsistent, and it is unclear whether WM abnormalities are related to cognitive processes. The aim of this study was to explore the relationship of WM alterations with cognitive variables in OCD in order to investigate the structural correlates of behaviorally relevant features of the disorder. Methods: We compared DTI-derived fractional anisotropy (FA), mean diffusivity (MD), and radial diffusivity (RD) measures between OCD patients (n = 16) and healthy controls (n = 18) using a whole-brain tract-based spatial statistics (TBSS) approach. We also explored the correlations of WM alterations with clinical and cognitive variables. Results: Patients with OCD demonstrated increases in MD in the bilateral posterior corona radiata; left anterior corona radiata; bilateral superior longitudinal fasciculus; genu, body, and splenium of the corpus callosum; and left posterior limb of the internal capsule. An increase in RD values was also found in some of the same tracts (right posterior corona radiata, right superior longitudinal fasciculus, left anterior corona radiata, and corpus callosum). Furthermore, increased MD value in the internal capsule was correlated with the percentage of errors made during a target detection task, which was greater in the OCD group overall. Conclusions: These findings indicate that OCD patients show greater diffusivity in several white-matter regions. The correlation between cognitive performance and diffusivity in the internal capsule suggests that microstructural WM alternations may have functional consequences for the disorder
Opposite effects of dopamine and serotonin on resting-state networks: review and implications for psychiatric disorders
No full textAlterations in brain intrinsic activity—as organized in resting-state networks (RSNs) such as sensorimotor network (SMN), salience network (SN), and default-mode network (DMN)—and in neurotransmitters signaling—such as dopamine (DA) and serotonin (5-HT)—have been independently detected in psychiatric disorders like bipolar disorder and schizophrenia. Thus, the aim of this work was to investigate the relationship between such neurotransmitters and RSNs in healthy, by reviewing the relevant work on this topic and performing complementary analyses, in order to better understand their physiological link, as well as their alterations in psychiatric disorders. According to the reviewed data, neurotransmitters nuclei diffusively project to subcortical and cortical regions of RSNs. In particular, the dopaminergic substantia nigra (SNc)-related nigrostriatal pathway is structurally and functionally connected with core regions of the SMN, whereas the ventral tegmental area (VTA)-related mesocorticolimbic pathway with core regions of the SN. The serotonergic raphe nuclei (RNi) connections involve regions of the SMN and DMN. Coherently, changes in neurotransmitters activity impact the functional configuration and level of activity of RSNs, as measured by functional connectivity (FC) and amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations/temporal variability of BOLD signal. Specifically, DA signaling is associated with increase in FC and activity in the SMN (hypothetically via the SNc-related nigrostriatal pathway) and SN (hypothetically via the VTA-related mesocorticolimbic pathway), as well as concurrent decrease in FC and activity in the DMN. By contrast, 5-HT signaling (via the RNi-related pathways) is associated with decrease in SMN activity along with increase in DMN activity. Complementally, our empirical data showed a positive correlation between SNc-related FC and SMN activity, whereas a negative correlation between RNi-related FC and SMN activity (along with tilting of networks balance toward the DMN). According to these data, we hypothesize that the activity of neurotransmitter-related neurons synchronize the low-frequency oscillations within different RSNs regions, thus affecting the baseline level of RSNs activity and their balancing. In our model, DA signaling favors the predominance of SMN-SN activity, whereas 5-HT signaling favors the predominance of DMN activity, manifesting in distinct behavioral patterns. In turn, alterations in neurotransmitters signaling (or its disconnection) may favor a correspondent functional reorganization of RSNs, manifesting in distinct psychopathological states. The here suggested model carries important implications for psychiatric disorders, providing novel and well testable hypotheses especially on bipolar disorder and schizophrenia
Un nouveau procurateur de Maurétanie tingitane
No full textThe incomplete Greek inscription from Coptos (SZ? 5731 =/. Portes, 102) partly shows a primipilarius cursus. A new examination of this epigraph shows us that after having been a tribune three times of units of Roman garrison, this man became procurator of Mauretania Tingitana. It is confirmed by the government statement of this province among the ducenaria duties : it is far less important than the Mauretania Caesarensis government. This primipilaris carried on with his career through stages which we do not know about. He probably held a very high-levelled post in Egypt, likely during the last decades of the 1st half of the 3rd century AD.L'inscription grecque fragmentaire provenant de Coptos (555731 = /. Portes, 102) comporte quelques éléments d'un cursus de primipilaire. Après les trois tribunats des corps de troupes de la garnison de Rome, ce personnage a exercé une fonction procuratorienne que le réexamen de la pierre permet de considérer comme la procuratelle-gouvernement de Maurétanie Tingitane. Cela est confirmé par l'analyse de la position du gouvernement de cette province au sein des fonctions ducénaires : elle montre que le gouvernement de Maurétanie Césarienne est bien supérieur en importance à celui de la Tingitane. Ce primipilaire entré dans la carrière procuratorienne a poursuivi son cursus à travers des étapes qui nous échappent. Il exerce vraisemblablement une fonction de très haut niveau en Egypte, vraisemblablement dans les dernières décennies de la première moitié du IIIe s. ap. J.-C.Christol Michel, Magioncalda Andreina. Un nouveau procurateur de Maurétanie tingitane. In: Antiquités africaines, 24,1988. pp. 81-98
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
No full textThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Gender identity disorder and reassignment procedures. The moment of sex reassignment surgery: a clinical research
No full textObjective. The aim of this paper is to analyze the moment of sex reassignment surgery in individuals with gender identity disorder. Material and methods. During a period of seven months, the subjects undergoing sex reassignment surgery at the Urological Clinic of the Hospital of Cattinara of the University of Trieste (7 individuals, average age 40, all maleto-female subjects), participated in a semi-structured questionnaire interview and completed the Machover Test used in an atypical way, three-four days after the operation. Results. All the subjects demonstrated a negatory attitude to the anxieties and suffering related to the surgery, but these feelings were present at an unconscious level as revealed by the dreams told by the patients. Very little attention was given to body's concreteness and this was especially evident in the results of the Machover Test. The emotional dimension immediately after the sex reassignment surgery was euphoric, almost manic. All the subjects stated they were pleased and they did not regret at all undergoing the operation. Conclusions. These initial results confirm that sex reassignment surgery is an appropriate therapy for gender identity disorder and they underline the necessity of doing a follow-up study on the same patients
Utilità del dosaggio del precursore del peptide natriuretico cerebrale (Pro BNP) come predittore di cardioversione efficace nei pazienti con tachicardie e tachiaritmie sopraventricolari, osservati e trattati in Pronto Soccorso: Un’ alternativa diagnostica - Esperienza ligure
No full text- …
