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Towards a database of Homeric nominal compounds
No full textIn the study of Ancient Greek language the classification and analysis of compounds is a challenging matter.
In particular, Homeric language provides us with a very ancient and problematic corpus of compounds, as it comprises items that date back to different stages of formation and often show peculiarities due to the artificial character of epic poetry.
Within this framework, an interesting possibility is to create a digital database of the Homeric compounds, that on the one hand paves the way to deepen our knowledge of compounds in Greek and of the process of compounding in general, and on the other hand provides a useful analysis tool for both linguists and philologists.
This database, currently under development by us, will first of all list all the compounds occurring in the Homeric texts, along with their principal meanings. Then, the database will provide the reader with information about the lexical and morphological status of both the compound (compositional and lexical category) and its members (lexical category and etymology). To offer exhaustive information for each compound, all its occurrences in the texts will be listed (possibly with links to online corpora), together with the most relevant bibliographical references.
Moreover, since Homeric compounds are often found in later stages of the development of Ancient Greek, the research will investigate whether semantic shifts took place in diachrony, and what kind of them.
At the present stage of research, we have arranged the material as raw data in a MS Excel chart. For the construction of an online database, a preliminary study is to be done on the dependency relationships between the various fields of the db, since the structure of a relational db fits more our needs. So far, we have listed all the compounds in the Homeric corpus (ca. 1700 items) with the indication on the form of their First Members (FM) and Second Members (SM), alongside with a provisional hypothesis of classification.
The major issues with the elaboration of the db involve the adequate account of the frequent allomorphy of both FM and SM and the fact that in some cases a compound may be listed under two different classes.
Moreover, it is worthwhile to note that the goal of our db is not to do the linguistic analysis,. The latter is indeed a linguist’s task, given that the analysis necessarily implies a thorough survey of the occurrences of the compounds in the texts. As a consequence, our aim is to make the data available in the most clear way, after their manual upload by the linguist.
This tool will therefore allow for comparative analyses and cross queries and thus will help the user easily pinpoint similarities and differences between compounds sharing common features.
As a final remark, the classification of the compounds will imply reflecting on what classification criteria to propose. To this extent, the project of this digital database of Homeric compounds is conceived of as part of a wider research on composition in its general issues, not only in Greek but possibly in other ancient Indo-European languages
Gli epiteti di μάχη nella lingua omerica : Il caso di κυδιάνειρα e φθισίμβροτος.
Get PDFThis paper deals with a synchronic etymological analysis of both the epithets ‘μάχη κυδιάνειρα’ and ‘φθισίμβροτος’. In the first part, I analyse the term ‘κυδιάνειρα’. From a semantic perspective, this term cannot be interpreted as a possessive compound whose FM follows the Caland’s law, an observation that opens up other issues, which I tackle in my study. My hypothesis is that ‘κυδιάνειρα’ was probably formed by analogy on the example of other compounds which show °άνειρα as SM. In the second part, I analyse the term ‘φθισίμβροτος’ in order to verify Benveniste’s hypothesis that the verbal governing compounds with marked word-order, namely whit verbal FM, imply ‘an actual predicate of description’. Therefore, the battle should ‘destroy the mortals’ only – or especially – in those passages in which the battle is defined as ‘φθισίμβροτος’. Curiously, the only occurrence of ‘μάχη φθισίμβροτος’ (Ν339) is characterized by a rare insistence on the dangers of the battle; moreover, the occurrence of ‘αἰγὶς φθισίμβροτος’ (χ297) connotes the aegis as a signal of inexorable and oncoming death, as it is described in the passage (χ297-301). Although the occurrences of the term ‘φθισίμβροτος’ are very few, I conclude that the use of ‘φθισίμβροτος’ seems to uphold Benveniste’s hypothesis
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Les composés nominaux à premier membre ἐν dans les Argonautiques : entre tradition et innovation
Get PDFLes composés nominaux à premier membre ἐν apparaissent en grec à partir de la langue homérique (les exemples en mycénien étant difficiles à déterminer) : il s’agit d’un ensemble de mots homogènes d’un point de vue morphologique et hétérogènes d’un point de vue sémantico-syntaxique, la similitude des formes correspondant à une pluralité de catégories compositionnelles. D’un point de vue lexical, le groupe des composés à premier membre ἐν est constitué à la fois de mots poétiques et de termes technico-scientifiques ; il y a aussi certains exemples de mots d’usage commun, mais ils sont loin d’être la majorité. Chez Apollonios de Rhodes on trouve une vingtaine de composés à premier membre ἐν, dont presque les deux tiers remontent aux épopées archaïques. Dans ce cadre, nous proposons une analyse des mots selon deux clefs de lecture : en premier lieu, nous mettrons en lumière l’influence de la poésie euripidéenne sur l’emploi de ces mots chez Apollonios ; en second lieu, dans les cas des composés remontant à la poésie homérique, nous essayons de montrer le lien entre la transparence de leur étymologie synchronique et le changement sémantico-syntaxique de leur emploi chez Apollonios, par rapport à leur emploi chez Homère.I composti nominali a primo membro ἐν appaiono in greco antico a partire dalla lingua omerica (è infatti difficile determinare l’esistenza di esempi in miceneo, a causa della scrittura sillabica): tali composti sono omogenei da un punto di vista morfologico e eterogenei dal punto di vista semantico-sintattico, visto che la somiglianza della loro forma esteriore corrisponde in realtà a una pluralità di categorie composizionali. Dal punto di vista del lessico, l’insieme dei composti a primo membro ἐν è costituito sia da termini poetici sia da termini tecnico-scientifici; ci sono anche alcuni esempi di parole d’uso comune, ma esse non sono la maggioranza. I composti a primo membro ἐν attestati in Apollonio Rodio sono una ventina, circa due terzi dei quali risalgono all’epica arcaica e in particolare a Omero; gli altri appartengono soprattutto ai vocabolari della medicina e degli studi naturali. In questo contesto, ci si concentrerà soprattutto sull’uso delle parole omeriche, sottolineando che le differenze d’uso, laddove esistono, sono in correlazione con le evoluzioni e i cambiamenti generali della sintassi interna delle diverse classi composizionali a primo membro ἐν. Per quanto riguarda i termini tecnico-scientifici, essi fanno parte di tutte le categorie composizionali e non solo di quelle che, negli altri testi, risultano le più produttive, come invece ci si sarebbe potuto aspettare dato il loro numero esiguo.Nominal compounds with first member ἐν appear in Ancient greek since Homeric language (as it is not easy to outline their presence in Mycenean greek, because of the syllabic writing). These compounds are homogeneous from the morphological point of view and heterogeneous from the semantic-syntactic point of view, since the similarity of the forms responds to a multiplicity of compositional categories. From a lexical point of view, the group of ἐν first member compounds is formed by poetic terms and scientific-technic terms. We also find words in common use, but they are not the majority. In Apollonius Rhodius, we find about twenty ἐν° first member compounds; two-thirds of them are poetic terms, that we also find in archaic poetry and in particular in Homer, while the others belong to medical and scientific-naturalistic vocabularies. Within this framework, I will focus on the usage of Homeric words, as differences in usage, where they exist, are linked to evolutions and general changes within the internal syntax of different composition classes with first member ἐν. As regards technic-scientific terms, they belong to all compositional categories: this appears very interesting with respect to their little number. In fact, in other texts only some of the compositional categories result productive
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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