1,720,977 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Comparison on the Yield and the Production and Distribution of Dry Matter in Rice between Crop Seasons
No full text本試驗於1981年二期作與1982年一期作分別在屏東與臺中二地區進行，在水稻生育期間測定不同器官內乾物質、全氮及非構造性碳水化含物（TNC）含量的變化，以明瞭品種間、區域間與期作間產量差異的原因。
水稻抽穗時之全株乾物重以一期作為高，其中以屏東區臺農67號差異最為明顯，臺中地區臺農67號及臺南5號的差異較小。二期作稻抽穗期全株乾物重低落原因主要受分蘖數較少的影響，就單一分蘗平均乾重進行比較，反以二期作稍高。抽穗後穀粒發育期間乾物質的生產量，亦以一期作顯著優於二期作，屏東地區的差別最為明顯。
一期作水稻抽穗時莖稈內江NC濃度顯著高於二期作，抽穗期營養器官內TNC含量為二期作之1.5-5.5倍，表示有較多的預貯物質。抽穗後穀粒充實期間，屏東、臺中二地區之一期作TNC生產量高於二期作。非構造性碳水化合物收穫指數(HTNCI)均高，介於0.93-0.98之間，無地區、品種或期作性差異。而產量經由預貯物質而來的百分比（Pre-heading storage contribution)，一期作介於17.8-22.5%之間，二期作為11.6-17.9%。
葉片為水稻植株內含氮濃度較高之器官，屏東、臺中二地區於抽穗期葉片氮濃度表現不一致，但屏東區臺農67號葉片內氮濃度明顯的以一期作為低，和一期作極高產與二期作低產的表現，可推知抽穗期葉片內全氮濃度的高低與產量問的關係並不單純，植株的全氮收穫指數(HNI)以一期作為高，介於0.70-0.81之間，二期作為0.65-0.76，顯示前者有較多的轉流量，氮代謝作用與碳代謝作用之間可能互為影響，值得進一步研究。
期作間產量差異比較發現，千粒重差別不大，每穗穎花數與結實率乘積在期作間亦相似，穗數為決定產量的最主要因子。二期作低產除了穗數較少及抽穗時乾物重與TNC含量較低外，穀粒充實期間乾物質淨生產量亦較低，為今後謀求二期作水稻增產應注意的方向。
Two rice cultivars, Tainung 67 and Tainan 5, were grown in either Pingtung or Taichung area in the second crop of 1981 and first crop of 1982. Dry weight and contents of total nonstructural carbohydrates (TNC) and total nitrogen (N) in different plant fractions were detennined at stages of grain-filling. The purpose of this study was to investigate the causes of yield difference due to location, varietal or seasonal factors.
Dry weight per hill at heading was consistently higher for the first than for the second crop. The difference was most significant for rice grown in Pingtung area. The lower dry weight of the second crop rice was due mainly to the fewer number of tillers per hill. Results showed that on a per tiller basis, the second crop rice possessed higher dry weight. The capability of dry matter production was higher for rice of the first crop season.
Culms of the first crop rice contained 1.5-5.5 times more TNC than those of the second crop rice at heading, a result of higher TNC concentration and dry weight per hill. The production of TNC during grain-filling was supperior for the first crop rice.
Regardless of crop season or location, the harvest TNC index (HTNCI) ranged between 0.93 to 0.98. In other words, the efficiency of utilizing TNC by the rice was extremely high. The contribution of preheading storage to yield were 17.8-22.5% and 11.6-17.9% for the first and second crops, respectively.
No consistent relationship between N concentration in leaf blade at heading and final grain yield was observed. However, compared to the second crop, the first crop rice in Pingtung had lower leaf blade N but significantly higher yield, indicating the correlation between these two characters was not simple. Harvest N index (HNI) was 0.70-0.81 for the first and 0.65-0.76 for the second crop. The interaction between the translocation of N and TNC from vegetative tissue to the grain was suggested.
Analysis of yield componts showed similar 1,000-grain weight and product of spikelet number per panicle by the percentage of ripened grain. The lower yield of the second crop rice was caused by few panicle number and lower contents of dry matter and TNC at heading. The enhancement of photosynthetic capability during grain-filling was also of utmost importance in terms of increasing the yield of second rice crops in Taiwan
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
(32(4):303-311)Comparison on the Yield and the Production and Distribution of Dry Matter in Rice between Crop Seasons
No full text本試驗於1981 年二期作與1982 年一期作分別在屏東與臺中二地區進行，在水稻生育期間測定不同器官內乾物質，全氮及非構造性碳水化含物（TNC）含量的變化，以明瞭品種間，區域間與期作間產量差異的原因。
水稻抽穗時之全株乾物重以一期作為高，其中以屏東區臺農67 號差異最為明顯，臺中地區臺農67 號及臺南5 號的差異較小。二期作稻抽穗期全株乾物重低落原因主要受分蘗數較少的影響，就單一分蘗平均乾重進行比較，反以二期作稍高。抽穗後穀粒發育期間乾物質的生產量，亦以一期作顯著優於二期作，屏東地區的差別最為明顯。
一期作水稻抽穗時莖稈內TNC 濃度顯著高於二期作，抽穗期營養器官內TNC 含量為二期作之1.5-5.5 倍，表示有較多的預貯物質。抽穗後穀粒充實期間，屏東、臺中二地區之一期作TNC 生產量高於二期作。非構造性碳水化合物收穫指數（HTNCI ）均高，介於0.93-0.98 之間，無地區、品種或期作性差異。而產量經由預貯物質而來的百分比（pre-heading storage contribution），一期作介於17.8-22.5%之間，二期作為11.6-17.9%。
葉片為水稻植株內含氮濃度較高之器官，屏東、臺中二地區於抽穗期葉片氮濃度表現不一致，但屏東區臺農67 號葉片內氮濃度明顯的以一期作為低，和一期作極高產與二期作低產的表現，可推知抽穗期葉片內全氮濃度的高低與產量間的關係並不單純。植株的全氮收穫指數（HNI）以一期作為高，介於0.70-0.81 之間，二期作為0.65-0.76 ，顯示前者有較多的轉流量，氮代謝作用與碳代謝作用之間可能互為影響，值得進一步研究。
期作間產量差異比較發現，千粒重差別不大，每穗穎花數與結實率乘積在期作間亦相似，穗數為決定產量的最主要因子。二期作低產除了穗數較少及抽穗時乾物重與TNC 含量較低外，穀粒充實期間乾物質淨生產量亦較低，為今後謀求二期作水稻增產應注意的方向。
Two rice cultivars, Tainung 67 and Tainan 5, were grown in either Pingtung or Taichung area in the second crop of 1981 and first crop of 1982. Dry weight and contents of total nonstructural carbohydrates (TNC) and total nitrogen (N) in different plant fractions were detertnined at stages of grain-filling. The purpose of this study was to investigate the causes of yield difference due to location, varietal or seasonal factors.
Dry weight per hill at heading was consistently higher for the first than for the second crop. The difference was most significant for rice grown in Pingtung area. The lower dry weight of the second crop rice was due mainly to the fewer number of tillers per hill. Results showed that on a per tiller basis, the second crop rice possessed higher dry weight. The capability of dry matter production was higher for rice of the first crop season.
Cuims of the first crop rice contained 1.5-5.5 times more TNC than those of the second crop rice at heading, a result of higher TNC concentration and dry weight per hill. The production of TNC during grain-filling was superior for the first crop rice. Regardless of crop season or location, the harvest TNC index (HTNCI) ranged between 0.93 to 0.98. In other words, the efficiency of utilizing TNC by the rice was extremely high. The contribution of preheading storage to yield were 17.8-22.5% and 11.6- 17.9% for the first and second crops, respectively.
No consistent relationship between N concentration in leaf blade at heading and final grain yield was observed. However, compared to the second crop, the first crop rice in Pingtung had lower leaf blade N but significantly higher yield, indicating the correlation between these two characters was not simple. Harvest N index (HNI) was 0.70-0.81 for the first and 0.65-0.76 for the second crop. The interaction between the translocation of N and TNC from vegetative tissue to the grain was suggested.
Analysis of yield components showed similar 1,000-grain weight and product of spikelet number per panicle by the percentage of ripened grain. The lower yield of the second crop rice was caused by few panicle number and lower contents of dry matter and TNC at heading. The enhancement of photosynthetic capability during grain filling was also of utmost importance in terms of increasing the yield of second rice crops in Taiwan
(35(4):413-423)Influence of Partial Leaf-Removal and Planting Density on the Yield Performances of Rice Plants Differing in Grain Weight
No full text為探討藉密植栽培增加大粒型水稻單位面積穗數以提高產量的可能性，及於抽穗期與抽穗後一週去除50 %葉片，以明瞭穀粒充實期間光合成物質的供需平衡關係，本試驗採用大粒型水稻品種Pegonil 與中粒型品種臺農67 號為材料，於抽穗後定期測定乾物質之累積與分佈，分析植株各器官全氮與非構造性碳水化合物（TNC）濃度的變化，並解析與產量表現間的關係。在第二期作的栽培環境下，臺農67 號較Pegonil 品種高產40%，穎花數與穗數為導致差異的主要產量構成因素。於抽穗期去除50%葉片，對成熟期Pegonil 穗重並無影響，但使臺農67 號穗重減輕32%，抽穗後一週去葉使兩品種穗重分別降低14%與32%；去除部份葉片使穗部氮濃度降低，但對葉片與莖稈氮濃度的影響甚小，亦即氮素再轉移至穗部之量甚微，此一現象與同一時期莖稈TNC 濃度大幅下降，顯示可能因光合成物質供應不足而降低根部活性，致使氮素供應不敷穀粒充實之需。密植栽培（行株距30 × 7.5 cm）較一般栽培（行株距30 × 15cm）可提高Pegonil 產量42%，唯仍較臺農67 號低產20%；密植使單株穗數減少，但大幅增加單位面積穗數，且不影響其他產量構成要素的表現，顯示改良栽培方法以提高大粒型水稻產量的可行性。高族群密度亦使穀粒氮濃度下降，在植株氮素供需與光合成物質的影響方面，可能與去葉處理具有相似的作用機制。本試驗中大粒型品種在抽穗後3 週內，單穗乾物質、全氮與TNC 的累積速率均顯著超過臺農67 號，為可資利用之優良生理特性，但穀粒充實期較短，穗內穎花累積TNC 之均一性差距頗大，易導致產量效率（yield efficiency）之降低。
Studies were conducted to examine the possibility of enhancing grain yield of a large-grain variety, Pegonil, through increasing panicle number per unit area by dense planting(30×7.5cm vs. 30×l5cm). Fifty percent leaf-cutting was also executed at either heading or 1 week after heading to investigate whether photosynthetic production was high enough to meet the needs of developing grains. Under the environmental conditions of the 2nd crop season, yield was 40% lower for Pegonil than for Tainung 67, a medium-grain variety, due mainly to fewer spikelet number per panicle and panicle number per hill. Leaf-removal at heading stage showed no effect on the mature panicle weight per hill, whereas a 32% reduction was observed in Tainung 67. Leaf-removal at 1 week after heading decreased panicle weight by 14% and 32%, repectively, for Pegonil and Tainung 67. Leaf-cutting caused a decrease of N concentration in the panicle, but not in the leaf blade and culm; indicating retranslocation of N to the panicle was insignificant. This, along with the low TNC concentration in the culm, suggested that photosynthetic production was unable to sustain high root activity, and hence the supply of N was not in an adequate state for the developing grains. Dense planting increased yield of Pegonil by 42%, which was still 20 % lower than the yield of Tainung 67. As panicle number per unit area was increased significantly while the other three yield components were unaffected, it indicated that grain yield of large-grain rice varieties could be increased substantially through cultural improvement. The large-grain variety Peganil possessed high accumulation rates of dry matter, N ane TNC in the panicles during the first 3 weeks after heading. However, shorter effective grain-filling period and less uniform TNC deposition among spikelets within a panicle resulted in lower yield efficiency of Pegonil. Improvement should be made before the large-grain rice varieties were able to be grown commercially
- …
