69 research outputs found
Methodological aspects of providing resources for creation of economic security at companies
No full textThe purpose of the research is in the coverage of content and specific costs for long-term economic security, as well as the justification criteria of accessing these costs in different stages of the life cycle of industrial enterprises. The article shows the objective need to create conditions for sustained development and economic security of domestic production, which is possible only by deliberate, conscious actions of long-term and program character. The major object of expenses enhance the economic security of enterprises is considered the technical, technological, organizational, economic and financial system at the stages of creation, maintenance and improvement. The author works out the criteria for accessing costs to ensure the economic security of industrial enterprises at different stages of their life cycle. The article shows the basic forms of loss of economic security of companies and its reproducing at the expense of the reserves established. It is shown that investments into the creation of reserves should be performed during the creation of the enterprise itself, and operating costs are made directly during operation. The author offers the technique of economic security index as the value of operating costs reserves of the company
Innovative activity – basis for economic security of enterprise
No full textThe aim of the research is to highlight the contents and specifics of innovation processes management mechanism on enterprises and to substantiate the scheduled management system of innovation process and to develop the complex system of innovation management.
The objective necessity of innovative ensuring of industrial enterprises stable functioning is shown, the author’s innovation numerical score which is based on the level of novelty and difficulty of the solved task is given. The classification of innovation by types: technical, technological, organizational, managerial, economic, social is proposed by author. The system of indicators, which characterize the industrial enterprises innovation activity level is developed. The system includes: total quantity of innovations applied, scores of use, comparative indicator of application intensity, innovations importance, productivity increase due to innovations, material resources use decrease due to innovations, production casts decrease, innovation products volume in total production. The essence of the developed by author scheduled management system of innovation process on machine – building enterprise on the base of network matrix is revealed.
This will allow to apply more rational model of investment-innovative development of the enterprise management on industrial enterprises
Searching Malware and Sources of Its Distribution in the Internet
No full textIn the article is considered for the first time developed by the author algorithm of searching malware and sources of its distribution, based on published HijackThis logs in the Internet
Prediction of lethal outcomes in COVID-19 cases based on the results chest computed tomography [Прогнозирование летальных исходов при COVID-19 по данным компьютерной томографии органов грудной клетки]
No full textThe objective: to predict lethal outcomes in patients with COVID-19 based on the result of chest computed tomography (chest CT) using a semi-quantitative visual scale of the pulmonary parenchyma lesion. Subjects and methods. Inclusion criteria: patients who underwent chest CT from March 2 to May 1, 2020, inclusively, upon referral of a general practitioner due to suspected community-acquired pneumonia caused by COVID-19. Chest CT was performed in 48 medical organizations providing primary medical care to the adult population in Moscow. Exclusion criteria: patients whose chest CT was not assessed by CT 0-4 score; patients who were not confirmed as COVID-19 positive. In the Russian Federation, CT 0-4 score is recommended to be used for assessment of the extent of lung parenchyma lesion in cases with suspected COVID-19. Data on fatal outcomes were received on May 4, 2020 inclusive. Results: data of 13,003 patients from the Unified Radiological Information Service were retrospectively included in the study according to inclusion and exclusion criteria. The test aimed to detect a trend of directional changes in the proportion of deceased patients among various categories using CT 0-4 score demonstrated a statistically significant result (p < 0.0001). The chance of a lethal outcome increases directionally from CT-0 to CT-4. The test for deviations from the linear trend also provided p < 0.0001, i.e. when moving to higher scores (CT-3 and CT-4), there was an accelerated increase in the risk of death. Analysis of overall survival using the Cox regression model showed that the assessed factors (age and CT 0-4 score) were statistically significantly associated with the time to death from COVID-19 (p < 0.05). The risk of death increased with age, on average, 8.6% for every 5 years (95% CI 0.8-17.0%). When transferring from one category of CT to the next one, the risk increased by 38% on the average (95% CI 17.1-62.6%). There was no statistically significant association of gender factor with overall survival (p = 0.408). The visual score of CT 0-4 recommended for use in the Russian Federation to assess lung parenchyma lesions according to chest CT data, is a predictor of a lethal outcome in patients with COVID-19. CT 0-4 score is convenient for practical use. © 2020 New Terra Publishing House. All rights reserved
CROSS-LANGUAGE CODE CONVERTION: FUNCTIONALLY SEMANTIC AND STYLISTIC ASPECTS
No full textThe article is devoted to the problem of cross-language interaction in mass media; in particular, the author chooses lexical items that have been linguistically converted from Russian into French forms as a specific object of research. In the focus of attention is the process of foreign word penetration into another language and stating peculiarities in the usage of code converted Russian words in modern French press. The cross-language code converted word items are grouped in accordance with a semantic criterion that is based on V.S. Vinogradov's classification, their contextual environment analysis points to specificity of their functions in media texts. The semantic classification of the cross-language code converted lexical items is viewed as correlating with the variety of semantic functions, including nominative, informative, terminological as well as the functions of text exotization or national culture specification. The author concludes that social and political items are majoring and perform the widest range of the functions, the least numerous is a groups of items that nominate natural world phenomena. It is stated that cross-language item code conversion serves for presenting substantive or specifically cultural content of the message, it is used as an expressive language means with a shade of stylistic potential, which is supported with a set of examples and their stylistic interpretations
«Внутренне перемещенные лица» как категория теоретизирования и социальной практики
No full textУ статті розглядається феномен вимушеної внутрішньої міграції, а саме такого його наслідку, як виникнення певної групи населення – внутрішньо переміщені особи (ВПО). Обґрунтована необхідність концептуалізації поняття «внутрішньо переміщені особи». Термін «внутрішньо переміщена особа» розглянуто в перспективі його виникнення та подальшого становлення як категорії теоретизування та соціальної практики; проведено його розмежування з поняттями «біженець» та «економічний мігрант»; виділені два основних незмінних критерія, що характеризують внутрішнє переміщення та розглянуто поняття «затяжне внутрішнє переміщення». Виділено найбільш поширені напрямки вивчення ВПО, що представлено в іноземних та вітчизняних дослідженнях. Проаналізовано теорії міграції, які були адаптовані до проблематики вимушеної внутрішньої міграції. Показано евристичний потенціал певних соціологічних теорій, а саме – теорії самоактуалізації А. Маслоу, теорії категорізації Г. Тежфела та Дж. Тернера, теорії акультурації (адаптації) Дж. Беррі, теорії травми соціальних змін П. Штомпки, теорії інкультурації, що можуть скласти основу для створення окремої концептуальної рамки досліджень щодо вимушеного переміщення та внутрішньо переміщених осіб.The author analyzes the works of foreign and Ukrainian researchers, emphasizing there is need to theorize this concept. In Ukrainian and foreign discourses, much attention is paid to empirical studies of IDP, but there are no work in which the nature of this phenomenon is explained by theories and concepts. Therefore, the purpose of this article is to conceptualize the concept of IDP. This concept has been actively used since the beginning of the 1990s, despite the fact that about 10 million people were drawn to forced labor or expelled from their country for racial, religious or political reasons during the Second World War. The author highlights two unchanging characteristics of the IDP phenomenon: the involuntary nature of the movement, migration inside of the national borders. IDP is much broader than the refugee concept, it involves displacement because of certain natural disasters and development projects. IDP differs from the concept of an economic migrant by means of the nature of migration. For IDP, it is characteristic of pushing migration, for the economic migrants is attractive way of migration. The article also describes the phenomenon of protracted internal displacement. The author considers certain theories trough that IDP can be investigated. It should be noted, that there are practically no theoretical approaches among the migration theories that are devoted exclusively to the conceptualization of the phenomenon of internally displaced persons, because most theories deal with interstate migration. Migration theories have been adapted to the issues of IDP in this paper. Among them: push / pull theory, the theory of migration systems (networks), the concept of a three-stage migration process. The article emphasizes that these theories can be used for studying IDPs, but not in the dimensions of «the country of departure – the country of arrival», but in the «regional» dimension of a particular country. Also among the theories are fruitful for consideration IDPs: A. Maslow’s theory of self-actualization, the theory of categorization by H. Tajfel and J. Turner, the theory of acculturation (adaptation) J. Berry, the theory of the trauma of social changes by P. Sztompka, the theory of inculturation. The author make a conclusion on the necessity of further comprehensive sociological research on IDPs and the using of a disciplinary approach.В статье рассматривается феномен вынужденной внутренней миграции, а именно такого его последствия, как возникновение определенной группы населения – внутренне перемещенные лица (ВПЛ). Обоснована необходимость концептуализации понятия «внутренне перемещенные лица». Термин «внутренне перемещенное лицо» рассмотрено в перспективе его возникновения и дальнейшего становления как категории теоретизирования и социальной практики; проведено его разграничение с понятиями «беженец» и «экономический мигрант»; выделены два основных неизменных критерия, характеризующих внутреннее перемещение и рассмотрено понятие «затяжное внутреннее перемещение».Выделены наиболее распространенные направления изучения ВПО, что представлено в иностранных и отечественных исследованиях. Проанализированы теории миграции, которые были адаптированы к проблематике вынужденной внутренней миграции. Показано эвристический потенциал определенных социологических теорий, а именно – теории самоактуализации А. Маслоу, теории категоризации Г. Тежфела и Дж. Тернера, теории аккультурации (адаптации) Дж. Берри, теории травмы социальных изменений П. Штомпки, теории инкультурации, которые могут составить основу для создания отдельной концептуальной рамки исследований по вынужденному перемещению и внутренне перемещенных лицах
PARAGUAYISMS. PARAGUAYAN SPANISH AND GAURANI. JOPARÁ "THE THIRD LANGUAGE" OF PARAGUAY. JUAN MANUEL MARCOS "GUNTER'S WHINTER"
No full textIn the article the peculiarities of the linguistic situation of Paraguay are analyzed: the typical lexical units, paraguayisms "the linguistic units of Spanish and Guarani that are contrasted with the spoken Spanish of other countries of Latin America and Spain, which pose certain difficulties of rapid comprehension for Spanish speakers". The description and general classification of paraguayisms is made from several points of view. Formal classification: phonetic paraguayisms; grammatical (morphosyntactic); lexicals (even idioms and turns of speech). Lexico-semantic calcification from the point of view of the appearance of connotations. The linguistic situation of Paraguay is presented as the only one, "ideal bilingualism", with certain nuances of multilingualism. Author rescues some peculiarities, most notable of the Spanish and Guarani of Paraguay. Article first reveals the linguistic units that belong to the lexical paraguayisms of Spanish and Guaraní. The classification of Spanish paraguayisms (occasionalism) is offered. It is stated that lexical paraguayisms belong to idioms fixed expressions whose meanings cannot be deduced from the words that compose it. It is a linguistic custom that allows condensing an idea in a few words and transmitting this concept to all those who share the same language It offers the differentiation between proverbs and idioms. An idiom, on the other hand, of saying, does not educate, does not have that intention. Describe a situation, a personality trait and nothing else. For example: Being a pig or eating more than a remorse. An idiom can be a phrase or a single word Speaking of the Paraguayan Guarani, it is stressed that it is not only the language, but the philosophical stone of the race that reveals its origin and destiny and is based on the own cosmogony set of beliefs, experience that form the culture of the people, among which find the mythical story about the origins of the world or the evolution of the Universe. According to the Guarani, language is something divine because it was invented and given to them by their God, Ñamandú. Pay attention to the importance of careful analysis of the mentality of the Guarani for the correct translation of written and oral texts because the Guarani cosmogony takes us back to the origins of the creation of the world, with a simplicity and simplicity that any reasonably reasonable person can understand without the complications of "mysteries" of which most civilized cultures are full. The historical aspects of the coexistence of Spanish and Guarani are mentioned. The author rescues the most remarkable peculiarities of the Spanish of Paraguay and the Guarani. It is noted that the conquest situation gave certain advantages to the development of the Guaraní. There was no imposition of one culture over the other. On the contrary, both of them went through a mutual process of linguistic enrichment. This condition led to the mixture of two different cultures and languages and the appearance of the "third language" of Paraguay jopará (guarañol, hispanicized Guarani), which de facto is the "main language" of Paraguay today. Some aspects of the formation of jopará are clarified: morphosyntactic, lexical, in the first place. Notice that the characteristics of the Paraguayan linguistic situation are observed not only for the spoken language of the people, but are they reflected in contemporary Paraguayan literature, firstly in Juan Manuel Marcos's novel "Gunter's Winter", one of the ten most outstanding novels in the history of Paraguayan literature. In the base of this novel the functions of the paraguayisms in the literature are shown, its aesthetic value is underlined in the culture, the history and the soul of the Paraguayan people in general
Methodological aspects of providing resources for creation of economic security at companies
No full textМета дослідження у висвітленні змісту та специфіки витрат для забезпечення довгострокової економічної безпеки підприємств, а також в обґрунтуванні критеріїв оцінки цих витрат на різних стадіях життєвого циклу промислових підприємств. Показана об’єктивна необхідність створення умов для поступального розвитку та забезпечення економічної безпеки вітчизняного виробництва, що можливе лише за рахунок цілеспрямованих, усвідомлених дій довгострокового і програмного характеру. Запропоновано основними об’єктами витрат підвищення рівня економічної безпеки підприємств розглядати техніко-технологічну, організаційну, економічну та фінансову системи на стадіях створення, експлуатації та вдосконалення. Розроблені критерії для оцінки витрат для забезпечення економічної безпеки промислових підприємств на різних стадіях їхнього життєвого циклу. Показані основні форми втрат економічної безпеки підприємств та відтворення її за рахунок створених резервів. Показано, що інвестиції в створення резервів необхідно здійснювати в період створення підприємства, а експлуатаційні витрати здійснюються безпосередньо в період експлуатації. Запропонована методика показника економічної безпеки як величина витрат на експлуатацію резервів підприємства.The purpose of the research is in the coverage of content and specific costs for long-term economic security, as well as the justification criteria of accessing these costs in different stages of the life cycle of industrial enterprises. The article shows the objective need to create conditions for sustained development and economic security of domestic production, which is possible only by deliberate, conscious actions of long-term and program character. The major object of expenses enhance the economic security of enterprises is considered the technical, technological, organizational, economic and financial system at the stages of creation, maintenance and improvement. The author works out the criteria for accessing costs to ensure the economic security of industrial enterprises at different stages of their life cycle. The article shows the basic forms of loss of economic security of companies and its reproducing at the expense of the reserves established. It is shown that investments into the creation of reserves should be performed during the creation of the enterprise itself, and operating costs are made directly during operation. The author offers the technique of economic security index as the value of operating costs reserves of the company
Лінгвістична ситуація в Парагваї. Особливості іспанської мови та гуарані Парагваю. Йопара – «третя мова» Парагваю (Роздуми про лінгвістичну ситуацію в Парагваї в літературі. Роман Хуана Мануєля Маркоса «Зима Гюнтера»).
No full textIn the article the peculiarities of the linguistic situation of Paraguay are analyzed: the typical lexical units, paraguayisms – "the linguistic units of Spanish and Guarani that are contrasted with the spoken Spanish of other countries of Latin America and Spain, which pose certain difficulties of rapid comprehension for Spanish speakers".The historical aspects of the coexistence of Spanish and Guarani are mentioned.The author rescues the most remarkable peculiarities of the Spanish of Paraguay and the Guarani. It is noted that the conquest situation gave certain advantages to the development of the Guaraní. There was no imposition of one culture over the other. On the contrary, both of them went through a mutual process of linguistic enrichment. This condition led to the mixture of two different cultures and languages and the appearance of the "third language" of Paraguay – jopará (guarañol, hispanicized Guarani), which de facto is the "main language" of Paraguay today.Some aspects of the formation of jopará are clarified: morphosyntactic, lexical, in the first place.У статті проаналізовано лінгвістичну ситуацію у Парагваї, насамперед парагваїзми – “лінгвістичні одиниці гуарані та кастельяно, що відрізняються від іспанської мови, якою спілкуються в інших країнах іспаномовного світу й можуть спровокувати непорозуміння під час спонтанного спілкування між носіями мови”.Зауважено історичні аспекти співіснування іспанської мови та мови індіанців гуарані.Автор розтлумачує особливості іспанської мови та гуарані Парагваю, акцентує визначні риси парагвайського білінгвізму.Підкреслено, що у процесі історичного розвитку двох різних культур у Парагваї, на відміну від інших країн Південної Америки та інших регіонів світу, не відбувається відторгнення однієї культури іншою, не існує мови домінанти, навпаки – одна культура доповнює другу, одна мова впливає на другу, збагачує її у такий спосіб своїми засобами. Так формується та існує до сьогодення парагвайський білінгвізм, який є унікальним у світі, що можна назвати “ідеальним”, з одного боку, і “фольклорним”, з іншого, тому що гуарані характеризується автором як мова образів.Згодом, унаслідок співіснування двох лінгвістичних систем сформувалася мова, яку в метафоричному сенсі називаємо “третя мова” Парагваю, якою дійсно спілкуються мешканці країни, яку чути на вулицях, у школах, університетах, у засобах масової інформації, – йопара.Автор підкреслює, що цей феномен притаманний не лише усному спілкуванні в сім’ї, або у неформальних обставинах, а знаходить відображення в сучаній літературі Парагваю. У статті лінгвістичну ситуацію Парагваю показано на матеріалі романа Хуана Мануєля Маркоса «Зима Гюнтера», який перекладений більш ніж 40 мовами світу (українською також) і визнаний експертами одним із десяти найважливіших досягнень культури Парагваю останнім часом
Research and Design of Construction of a Bearing Plate of a Counter Rail Attachment Fitting
No full textAbstractWhile implementing the perspective programs of “RZhD”, JSC (high-speed movement, heavy-load movement, resource saving etc.) connected with efficiency increase of railway transport, it is necessary to provide the safe functioning and reliability of all elements of the high layer of the track.The given article considers the research of the stress-deformed condition in a bearing plate of a counter rail attachment fitting of turnouts. The bearing plate gets out of order as a result of a multi-cycle endurance destruction. Based on developed methods of the experimental research, a scheme discrete model of a counter rail attachment fitting of the turnout was created. The article studies the influence of constructive parameters of a spacing lug and latches on the bearing plate load. The results of the experimental research are used for development and projecting of a new construction of a bearing plate for a counter rail attachment fitting, the patent of useful model 152367.The authors conducted the comparative research of the stress-deformed condition of bearing plates with the model of a high way construction consisting of three sleepers with a base rail, counter rail and a base plate with two variants of plates: standard and new. An experimental layout of bearing plates was designed which is now being tested and exploited in the Southern Ural Railway
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