200 research outputs found
The Impact of Inflation on the Developing Economy: The Brazilian Case
No full textThe effects of inflation in Brazil are given as an example of third-world economies around the globe. Wirthlin places Brazil\u27s largest economic problem-that of inflation-in the larger context of the country\u27s political, geographic, demographic, and economic situation. Then he discusses how inflation can cause inequality and political instability. He also examines the role insufficient food supplies, the political structure, and an aversion to foreign capital have had on rising prices. Along with offering several solutions to these problems, the author calls for further attention to the problems facing third-world economies
An architecture for a mitigated FPGA multi-gigabit transceiver for high energy physics environments
No full textSRAM-based Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) logic devices are very attractive in applications where high data throughput is needed, such as the latest generation of High Energy Physics (HEP) experiments. FPGAs have been rarely used in such experiments because of their sensitivity to radiation. The present paper proposes a mitigation approach applied to commercial FPGA devices to meet the reliability requirements for the front-end electronics of the Liquid Argon (LAr) electromagnetic calorimeter of the ATLAS experiment, located at CERN. Particular attention will be devoted to define a proper mitigation scheme of the multi-gigabit transceivers embedded in the FPGA, which is a critical part of the LAr data acquisition chain. A demonstrator board is being developed to validate the proposed methodology. Mitigation techniques such as Triple Modular Redundancy (TMR) and scrubbing will be used to increase the robustness of the design and to maximize the fault tolerance from Single-Event Upsets (SEUs)
Mitigated FPGA design of multi-gigabit transceivers for application in high radiation environments of High Energy Physics experiments
No full textSRAM-based Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) logic devices are very attractive in applications where high data throughput is needed, such as the latest generation of High Energy Physics (HEP) experiments. FPGAs have been rarely used in such experiments because of their sensitivity to radiation. The present paper proposes a mitigation approach applied to commercial FPGA devices to meet the reliability requirements for the front-end electronics of the Liquid Argon (LAr) electromagnetic calorimeter of the ATLAS experiment, located at CERN. Particular attention will be devoted to define a proper mitigation scheme of the multi-gigabit transceivers embedded in the FPGA, which is a critical part of the LAr data acquisition chain. A demonstrator board is being developed to validate the proposed methodology. Mitigation techniques such as Triple Modular Redundancy (TMR) and scrubbing will be used to increase the robustness of the design and to maximize the fault tolerance from Single-Event Upsets (SEUs)
Actor-Oriented Design Of Embedded Hardware And Software Systems
No full textSemantics In order to preserve the specialization of models of computation while also building general models overall, we concentrate on the hierarchical composition of heterogeneous models of computation. The composition of arbitrary models of computation is made tractable by an abstract semantics, which abstracts how communication and flow of control work. The abstract semantics is (loosely speaking) not the union of 250 E. A. Lee, S. Neuendor#er & M. J. Wirthlin interesting semantics, but rather the intersection. It is abstract in the sense that it represents the common features of models of computation as opposed to their collection of features
Dismantling of a breakthrough: the Kyoto Protocol - just symbolic policy!
No full textWe show that U.S. withdrawal from the Kyoto Protocol is straightforward under political economy considerations. The reason is that U.S. compliance costs exceed low willingness to pay for dealing with global warming in the U.S. The withdrawal had a crucial impact on the concretion of the Protocol prior to its likely ratification at the end of 2002. Remaining non-EU Parties to the Kyoto Protocol gained veto bargaining power and, thus, were successful in asserting far reaching concessions from the EU on sink credits and tradability of emission rights. Taking these concessions into account, the Kyoto Protocol was essentially reduced to a symbolic treaty that codifies more or less business-as-usual emissions and makes compliance a rather cheap deal. --climate policy,political economy,willingness to pay
Disentangling the origins of confidence in speeded perceptual judgments through multimodal imaging
No full textThe human capacity to compute the likelihood that a decision is correct—known as metacognition—has proven difficult to study in isolation as it usually cooccurs with decision making. Here, we isolated postdecisional from decisional contributions to metacognition by analyzing neural correlates of confidence with multimodal imaging. Healthy volunteers reported their confidence in the accuracy of decisions they made or decisions they observed. We found better metacognitive performance for committed vs. observed decisions, indicating that committing to a decision may improve confidence. Relying on concurrent electroencephalography and hemodynamic recordings, we found a common correlate of confidence following committed and observed decisions in the inferior frontal gyrus and a dissociation in the anterior prefrontal cortex and anterior insula. We discuss these results in light of decisional and postdecisional accounts of confidence and propose a computational model of confidence in which metacognitive performance naturally improves when evidence accumulation is constrained upon committing a decision
Wirthlin (Birth, 1879-02-16)
No full textAddress: Hunt St.1404/Pg.224/1879/M W/U.S./U.S./Dr. CarsonOriginal record filed in drawer labeled 'WINN-WITTBERGER'
Wirthlin, Edward Walter (Birth, 1899-09-11)
No full textAddress: 2221 Eastern Ave.4123/Pg.94/1899/M W/U. S./U. S./Mrs. C. LampeOriginal record filed in drawer labeled 'WINN-WITTBERGER'
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Surveillance of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus in a Periodontal Clinic
No full textMethicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a staphylococcal bacterium that is resistant to beta-lactam antibiotics. Today, MRSA accounts for 50-70% of the nosocomial S. aureus infections acquired in healthcare facilities. MRSA contaminated surfaces and MRSA colonized human carriers can act as reservoirs for transmission, and dental clinics may serve as a source of disease transmission in the community. Objective: Survey an 18 chair university-based periodontal clinic for MRSA contamination among hard environmental surfaces, dental unit water lines (DUWLs), aerosols, and human carriers.Methods: (1) Hard environmental surface contamination. 18 air-water syringes (AWS) from the assistant's rack were swabbed, incubated for 24 hours, and streaked onto a selective chromogenic medium that detects MRSA (CMRSAII). (2) DUWL contamination. The Millipore heterotrophic plate count sampler was used to sample water from the 18 DUWLs. Following a 48-hour incubation, grown colonies were inoculated on the CMRSAII plates. (3) Dental procedure aerosol contamination. The Millipore M Air T Tester was used to collect 1000L of aerosol during ultrasonic scaling procedures or surgical procedures using highspeed handpieces. After a 24-hour incubation, colonies morphologically consistent with S. aureus were picked, sub-cultured, and swabbed onto CMRSAII plates. (4) Human carriers. 30 healthy volunteers were recruited among the periodontal residents, staff, and faculty (IRB#12-08736). Specimens were obtained from the anterior nares, incubated overnight, then triple streaked onto CMRSAII plates. Results: (1) The AWS swabs yielded no MRSA colonies at 24 or 48 hours. (2) No MRSA were detected in the DUWLs. (3) 21 aerosol samples were taken during periodontal procedures using ultrasonics or dental handpieces. No MRSA were detected. (4) 30 samples from the anterior nares were collected and no MRSA were detected. Four individuals had Methicillin-resistant coagulase-negative staphylococci. Conclusion: This study did not detect MRSA in the university-based periodontal clinic on environmental surfaces, DUWLs, aerosols, or human carriers. The literature so far, in conjunction with the data from this study, collectively suggests that the occupational risk of MRSA infection in a dental setting is probably minimal
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