1,721,408 research outputs found
Restauro, Architettura e Città Per il Cinquantenario della Scuola di specializzazione in Beni Architettonici e del Paesaggio dell’Ateneo federiciano
No full textl volume celebra i primi cinquant’anni della Scuola di Specializzazione in Beni architettonici e del Paesaggio dell’Università Federico II di Napoli attraverso una serie di saggi che ne ripercorrono la storia, l’evoluzione, i protagonisti e le attività. Fondata nel 1969, su iniziativa di Roberto Pane, col nome di Scuola di perfezionamento in restauro dei monumenti, poi di Specializzazione dal 1973, l’istituzione ha assunto un ruolo cruciale quale comunità interdisciplinare ante litteram, approcciandosi allo studio del patrimonio costruito con uno sguardo poliedrico, consapevole della complessità di approccio che richiede il tema della conservazione del patrimonio architettonico. La Scuola si propone l’obiettivo di formare specialisti di alto profilo professionale nel campo del Restauro, nello specifico settore della tutela, della conservazione, della gestione e valorizzazione del patrimonio culturale architettonico e paesaggistico, nonché nella catalogazione, manutenzione, nel recupero e nelle valutazioni economiche degli interventi. Sin dall’origine, l’attività didattica e culturale della Scuola si è caratterizzata per lo stretto rapporto tra la teoria e l’operatività, per l’attenzione per gli aspetti statico-strutturali, per quelli economico-valutativi e a scala territoriale, tenendo ben saldo il rapporto tra la pianificazione urbana e l’intervento sul singolo edificio, nonché il confronto internazionale sui temi della tutela, restauro e valorizzazione del Patrimonio. Attraverso il racconto e le testimonianze dei docenti e dei direttori che si sono avvicendati nell’istituzione, il testo mira a far emergere i plurimi saperi messi in campo nel corso dell’ultimo cinquantennio per la formazione di tecnici specializzati, formati per operare consapevolmente sul patrimonio costruito e sul paesaggio storico
Automatic Design of Boolean Networks for Modelling Cell Differentiation
No full textA mathematical model based on Random Boolean Networks has been recently proposed to describe the main features of cell differentiation. The model captures in a unique framework all the main phenomena involved in cell differentiation and can be subject to experimental testing. A prominent role in the model is played by cellular noise, which somehow controls the cell ontogenetic process from the stem, totipotent state to the mature, completely differentiated one. Noise is high in stem cells and it decreases while the cell undergoes the differentiation process. A limitation of the current mathematical model is that Random Boolean Networks, as an ensemble, are not endowed with the property of showing a smooth relation between noise level and the differentiation stages of cells. In this work, we show that it is possible to generate an ensemble of Boolean networks that can accomplish such requirement, while keeping the other main relevant statistical features of classical Random Boolean Networks. This ensemble is designed by means of an optimisation process, in which a stochastic local search optimises an objective function which accounts for the requirements the network ensemble has to fulfil
Il rinnovamento dell’architettura ottomana attraverso gli scambi culturali con l’Italia e la Francia nel XVIII secolo
No full textStarting from the return of the court to Istanbul in 1703, the Ottoman capital has witnessed an intense architectural and urban revitalization, comparable only to that undertaken by Mehmed II following the conquest of the city. However, if the latter prepared the culmination of the canons of the “Classical Ottoman architecture” which were already being formulated in the previous decades, what was peculiar about this new flourishing is the radical abandon of the traditional forms and schemes. This architectural and urban renovation took place in a moment which was characterized by an unprecedented intensity of cross-cultural interaction between the Ottomans and Western Europe, thanks to newly established diplomatic ties, growing commercial exchanges and most importantly, a wider mobility of professional figures and know-hows. These interactions led to a rather unique phenomenon of transculturation in the Early Modern history, breaking the religious borders of the Mediterranean and reaching the utmost evidence in the field of architecture. Like the European interest for turqueries, the architects of the Ottoman capital started merging their traditional architectural vocabulary with that coming from the West, mostly from France and Italy. Starting from the early 1740s, the so-called Ottoman Baroque was created, establishing its own distinctive language from the very first works.
This dissertation deals with the sources of the 18th-century renewal of the Ottoman architectural and urban culture with a new approach to the material. First and foremost, the primary tool of this research is the architecture itself, and therefore the material is substantially the built heritage. Thus, this work is a new attempt to “decode” the architectural culture of the period exploring the single novelties in their own contextuality. In opposition to the previous scholarship, which mostly followed a long-established deductive method or limited the area of interest to single case studies, the present dissertation searches a new analytical approach with the aim of reaching a more complex panorama of the period. In other words, if the “Ottoman Baroque” has always been understood starting from a broad historic perspective which never fully faced the problematic question of its possible origins and the extent of the familiarity of its creators with the West, this study follows the opposite path. The mythical and generic “Western Baroque /Rococo” origins of the new influences are thus questioned on both major and minor scales, starting from typological issues reaching to more ‘grammatical’ aspects of the single elements. After an introduction setting the scene, the architectural types which were newly invented or underwent a relevant
reconsideration constitute the main chore of the Part II. The equally important Part III deals with the single components of the architectural order as intended in the Western context, trying to understand the changing Ottoman approach to the matter.
Other than the methodological approach, two aspects distinguish this research. The first one is the reconsideration of the importance of the Italian cultural sphere on that of the Ottomans, both via direct contacts between the various Italian states and the Sublime Port and the indirect yet more relevant connections especially with Venice. In this panorama, the possible role of Crete and other Aegean islands is thoroughly discussed on every occasion. The in-depth architectural analysis of single novelties allows to demystify the ties with France, which so far seem to have been over-emphasized by the scholarship. As we shall discuss, till the last quarter of the century and the establishment of formal professional institutions; forms, schemes and know-hows originating from the Italian cultural area seem to have played a pivotal role in the formulation of the “new style”, at least as much as France did. The second point is the reexamination of the “problem” of diachrony between the two contexts. Referring to the architectural renewal of our period of interest as the “Ottoman Baroque/ Rococo” has misled the scholars to an illusion of synchronicity with the Western homeland of those artistic phenomena, while the chronological parallelisms are in fact quite limited and concern mostly the decorative aspects. What is particular about this period is a rather neglected feature: throughout this accelerated transculturation process, the contemporary European forms made their way alongside with some minor Medieval and Early Renaissance influences, in addition to a reconsideration of the local Late-Antique and Byzantine heritage with a brand-new set of references. Thus, as each paragraph of the dissertation will explore, the Ottoman “new” reveals much of the Western “old”; actually, an important part of the novel vocabulary is based on European elements which would have seemed rather archaizing in their homeland. This will also lead the reader to reconsider the importance of the provinces as well as the non-academical professional milieus in this turbulent process of self-refreshing.
The outcome of this research is a complex and multilayered panorama of the 18th-century Ottoman architecture both in the capital and in the major provincial ‘epicenters’. The radical change which we observe in the morphological and typological vocabulary, and the decorative and artistic repertoire is questioned from multiple perspectives and scales. Far from being a complete and exhaustive work, this dissertation tries to set a different methodological approach to the material and open a new window on a historical phenomenon which is extraordinarily complex and hard to decipher
Patrimoni a rischio La conoscenza per il restauro di architetture e paesaggi di siti e riserve reali in Campania
No full textGoing Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
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