1,092 research outputs found
Nijazov’s Turkmen Sultanism: Regime Analysis
No full textThe author describes the political regime of Nijazov’s Turkmenistan and explores the possibility of its classification as “sultanistic regime”. A historical perspective on the creation of the modern Turkmen nation in the USSR and the path to independence are provided, along with a description of its unique political institutions. Later, the concept of the sultanistic regime is introduced and Turkmen political praxis is discussed within that framework. In conclusion, the author briefly sketches perspectives of the regime
THE 1910’s: THE LITTLE-KNOWN TURKMEN JADIT AUTHOR AND HIS ARTICLES
No full textMuhammetkulu Atabayev (Atabayogly, 1885-1916) is the notable representative of the jatit period of the Turkmen literature. The jadid period is the period between classic and soviet periods of the literature development. His publicisic articles, published in “Zakaspiyskaya tuzemnaya gazeta” newspaper in 1914-1915 are the bedt specimens of the jadit Turkmen literature. In his articles the author put on the agenda the burning questions of the Turkmen society of that period, such as: the backwardness of the Turkmen peoble in compare with other nations, because of imperfection of the methods of learning children to read and write, entering into the sisytem of education the new, modern methods of teaching, the compulsory education of the Turkmen girls equelly with the boys at schools, the removal from the life of the Turkmen people the ranson for the brides, wearing the modern, fashionable clothes from the best materials by Turkmen people, the role and importance of periodicals in the libe of society and the other matters. All the articles of Muhammetkuli Atabayev in uncut form after their first publication in 1914-1915 in Turkmen origin, for the first time are published into Turkish language.</p
Investigating cultural evolution through biological phylogenetic analyses of Turkmen textiles
No full textThe debate on the evolution of culture has focused on two processes in particular, phylogenesis and ethnogenesis. Recently, it has been suggested that the latter has probably always been more significant than the former. This proposal was assessed by applying cladistic methods of phylogenetic reconstruction to a data set comprising decorative characters from textiles produced by Turkmen tribes since the 18th century. The analyses focused on two periods in Turkmen history: the era in which most Turkmen practised nomadic pastoralism and were organised according to indigenous structures of affiliation and leadership; and the period following their defeat by Tsarist Russia in 1881, which is associated with the sedentarisation of nomadic Turkmen and their increasing dependence on the market. The results indicate that phylogenesis was the dominant process in the evolution of Turkmen carpet designs prior to the annexation of their territories, accounting for c.70% of the resemblances among the woven assemblages. The analyses also show that phylogenesis was the dominant process after 1881, although ethnogenesis accounted for an additional 10% of the resemblances among the assemblages. These results do not support the proposition that ethnogenesis has always been a more significant process in cultural evolution than phylogenesis
Paranocarodes turkmen Unal 2014
No full textParanocarodes turkmen Ünal, 2014 (Figs. 48, 97, 266, 362, 366, 404, 423–424, 840) Paranocarodes turkmen sp. nov.: Ünal 2014: 2. Type locality. Turkey: Eskişehir, Sündiken Mts., Türkmen Tepesi. Holotype: male (AİBÜEM). Material examined. TURKEY: Eskişehir, Sündiken Dağları, Türkmen Tepesi, 1524 m, 4.6.2006, 5♂ (including Holotype), 2♀, 6.6.2006, 1♂ (Paratypes); Kütahya, Türkmen Dağı, Söğüt Yaylası, 1530 m, 21.7.2003, 1♀, 1555 m, 20.7.2004, 1♀, 1570 m, 5.6.2006, 1♀ (paratypes) (all leg. M. Ünal) (AİBÜEM) (Ünal 2014); Eskişehir, Bozdağ, 1410 m, 15.7.2015, 1♂ (leg. M. Ünal); Eskişehir, 1♀ (leg. A. Y. Kılıç) (AİBÜEM). Distribution. Known from Eskişehir and Kütahya provinces in the Sündiken and Türkmen Mountains (Fig. 840). Remarks. One female from Türkmen Dağı (Kütahya) has no tympanum, but another female collected one year later from the same place has a large tympanum as in all the other specimens of this species. There is no difference between these specimens except the tympanum. Interestingly a similar event is seen between P. fieberi and P. karabagi. Both species are very similar and the only distinct difference is the presence or absence of tympanum, but these two species are distributed separately and many populations have been found. Also some species of Nocaracris have tympanum in different stages of reduction (N. furvus s.l., N. minutus, N. judithae) even in the same species (N. burri, N. rimansonae). This character is not stable in the two genera, Paranocarodes and Nocaracris and considered sometimes a specific character or only a variation of a single species.Published as part of Ünal, Mustafa, 2016, Pamphagidae (Orthoptera: Acridoidea) from the Palaearctic Region: taxonomy, classification, keys to genera and a review of the tribe Nocarodeini I. Bolívar, pp. 1-223 in Zootaxa 4206 (1) on pages 102-103, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4206.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/20826
The effects of dictatorship on health: the case of Turkmenistan.
No full textBACKGROUND: There is a health crisis in Turkmenistan similar to, but more severe than, in other Central Asian countries. This paper asks whether the health crisis in Turkmenistan is attributable to the consequences of the dictatorship under president Niyazov, who died in 2006. METHODS: The basis for this paper was a series of semi-structured in-depth interviews with key informants complemented by an iterative search of internet sites, initially published as a report in April 2005, and subsequently updated with feedback on the report as well as a comprehensive search of secondary information sources and databases. RESULTS: This paper describes in depth three areas in which the dictatorship in Turkmenistan had a negative impact on population health: the regime's policy of secrecy and denial, which sees the "solution" to health care problems in concealment rather than prevention; its complicity in the trafficking of drugs from Afghanistan; and the neglect of its health care system. CONCLUSION: The paper concludes that dictatorship has contributed to the health crisis facing Turkmenistan. One of the first tests of the new regime will be whether it can address this crisis
Turkmen Language Scholar Pigam Azimov and His Chronological References
No full textTürkmen Türkçesi üzerine yapılan bilimsel çalışmaların tarihi 19. yüzyılın ikinci yarısına kadar gitmektedir. Türkmenistan’da Türkmen edebî dilinin araştırılması tarihi, 1917 Ekim Devrimi’nden önce ve sonra olmak üzere iki dönemde ele alınmaktadır. Türkmen Türkçesinin Ekim Devrimi’nden önceki dönemde A. Starçevski, P. Şimkeviç, S. A. Ağabekov, A. B. Alıyev, İ. A. Belyayev ve A. N. Samoyloviç’in yaptığı çalışmalar bulunmaktadır Ekim Devrimi’nden sonraki dönemde ise A. P. Potseluyevki, N. A. Baskakov, A. N. Kononov, V. N. Filyuşina, O. Vepayev, M. Geldiyev, K. Böriyev, G. Sopıyev, H. Deryayev, M. Hıdırov, P. Azımov, H. Baylıyev, M. Ya. Hamzayev, A. Gurbanov, G. Sarıyev, C. Amansarıyev, S. Kürenov, M. Atacanov, B. Çarıyarov, T. Täçmıradov, R. Berdiyev gibi âlimler çalışmalar yapmışlardır. Ekim Devrimi’nden sonraki dönemde Türkmen Sovyet dil bilimi alanında Türkmen dilcisi Pıgam Azımov’un çalışmaları dikkate değerdir. Pıgam Azımov, Türkmenistan’da Sovyet döneminde yetişmiş ve Türkmen dili üzerine çalışmalar yapmış Türkmen âlimlerden biridir. Azımov, Türkmenistan’da dilciliğinin kurulması ve geliştirilmesinde önemli rol oynamış bir akademisyendir. Azımov, Moskova’daki Sovyet Bilimler Akademisinin Şarkiyat Enstitüsünden “filoloji ilimleri doktoru” unvanını alan ilk Türkmen dilcisidir. Azımov’un, Türkmen dili üzerine bilimsel çalışmalar yapması yanında, filoloji alanında millî kadroların yetiştirilmesi, Türkmen dili ve edebiyatı için standart okul kitaplarının yazılması yolunda emekleri büyüktür. Azımov, Türkmenistan’da 1936 yılında düzenlenen 1. Lengüistik Kurultayı’ndan itibaren bilimsel faaliyetler içinde bulunmuş, 1994’te elim bir trafik kazasındaki vefatına kadar Türkmen edebî dili, alfabesi, kısaltmalar, yazım kuralları, sentaksı, morfolojisi, leksikolojisi, ağızları, Türkmen dilinin meseleleri, Türkmen dilcileri ve Türkmen edebiyatı gibi birçok konuda çalışmalar yapmıştır. Azımov aynı zamanda Türk Dil Kurumunun muhabir üyeliğini de yapmıştır.Bu çalışmada meşhur Türkmen dilcisi Pıgam Azımov’un hayatı (1915-1994) ve onun Türkmen Türkçesi üzerine yaptığı çalışmaların kronolojik kaynakçası verilecektir. Kaynakça için Pıgam Azımov hakkında Türkmenistan’da 1990 yılında Soltanşa Atanıyazov tarafından yayımlanan Pıgam Azımov - Biyobibliyografiya kitabı kullanılmıştır. Çalışmamızdaki kaynakçaya Azımov’un yalnız Türkmen dili ve edebiyatıyla ilgili çalışmaları alınmıştır. Çünkü P. Azımov akademisyen olmasının yanı sıra eğitimci, idareci ve teşkilatçı olduğu için yararlanılan kaynakta onun bu alanlarla ilgili çalışmaları da bulunmaktadır. Çalışmanın Türkmenceyle ilgilenen araştırmacılara faydalı olacağı kanaatindeyiz.The history of scientific studies on Turkmen Turkish dates back to the second half of the 19th century. The study of the Turkmen literary language in Turkmenistan is discussed in two periods: before and after the 1917 October Revolution. The period before the October Revolution includes Starchevsky, Shimkevic, Ağabekov, Aliyev, Belyayev, and Samoylovich. After the October Revolution, scholars such as Potseluyevski, Baskakov, Kononov, Filyushina, Vepayev, Geldiyev, Boriyev, Sopiyev, Deryayev, Khidirov, Azimov, Bayliyev, Hamzayev, Gurbanov, Sariyev, Amansariyev, Kurenov, Atacanov, Chariyarov, Tachmiradov, Berdiyev etc. conducted studies.The contributions of the Turkmen linguist Pigam Azimov in Turkmen Soviet linguistics are notable for the post-October Revolution period. Pigam Azimov is one of the Turkmen scholars who grew up in Turkmenistan during the Soviet period and dealt with the Turkmen language. He was a key figure in the growth and establishment of linguistics in Turkmenistan. Azimov was the first Turkmen linguist to receive the title of "doctor of philological sciences" from the Oriental Institute of the Soviet Academy of Sciences in Moscow. Azimov not only carried out scientific studies on the Turkmen language but also made efforts to train national philologists and to write standard textbooks for the Turkmen language and literature.Azimov, who had been involved in scientific activities since the 1st Linguistic Congress held in Turkmenistan in 1936, passed away in a tragic traffic accident in 1994. During this period, he worked on many subjects such as the Turkmen literary language, alphabet and abbreviations, as well as spelling rules, syntax, morphology, lexicology, and dialects of the Turkmen Language. He also focused on the issues of the Turkmen language, Turkmen linguists, and Turkmen literature. Azimov was also a correspondent member of the Turkish Language Association. This paper focuses on the life of the famous Turkmen linguist Pigam Azimov (1915-1994) and the chronological bibliography of his studies on Turkmen Turkish. The study is based on the book titled “Pıgam Azimov – Biobibliography” published by Soltansha Ataniyazov in Turkmenistan in 1990. P. Azimov was not only a scholar but also an educator, administrator, and founder, so the resource also includes his contributions in these areas. However, this article only deals with Azimov's works on Turkmen language and literature. We believe that this study will be useful to researchers working on Turkmen Turkish
Mongolian Loanedwords In Iraqi Turkmen Turkish
No full textThe linguistic relationship between Turkish and Mongolian dates back to ancient times. These two languages, which are in the same language group, have been heavily influenced by each other throughout history. This interaction, which occurred in different periods and regions, caused the exchange of words between these two languages. Therefore, there are Turkish words in Mongolian and Mongolian words in Turkish. Many studies have been done on this subject; In these studies, either Turkish elements in Mongolian or Mongolian elements in Turkish were discussed. In addition, there are also studies on topics such as similarities, differences, parallelism and so on between two languages. One of the studies that deals with Mongolian elements in Turkish is the article titled “Mongolian Words Used in Iraqi Turkmen Turkish”. This article belongs to Hamdi Lateef Khairullah and in this study, 14 words of Mongolian origin used in Iraqi Turkmen Turkish were identified and examined. Apart from these words identified by the author, it has been determined that there are other words of Mongolian origin used in Iraqi Turkmen Turkish. There was a need to conduct a new study aiming to draw attention to words that were not examined and to contribute to the mentioned article. In our study; In the mentioned article, words of Mongolian origin that were not examined were discussed. Information is given about the shapes, meanings, usage patterns of the words in question in Iraqi Turkmen Turkish, the regions where they are used, their shapes and meanings in historical and contemporary Turkish dialects, and their shapes and meanings in Mongolian
Turkmenbashy : the propagation of personal rule in contemporary Turkmenistan
No full textTurkmenistan President Saparmurat Niyazov (known as Turkmenbashy, or “father of Turkmens”), the longest-serving leader in post-Soviet space, has ruled his country with increasing repression and megalomaniacal idiosyncrasy over the past decade. Under Niyazov’s rule, alternative political parties have been banned, non-official religions persecuted, and free media outlets closed. State institutions, subsumed by the expansive presidency, are characterized by constant personnel purges and an arbitrary management style, and have become increasingly dysfunctional. Grandiose marble state buildings, large museums and golden presidential statues dominate Ashgabat, Turkmenistan’s capital. Socioeconomic indicators, however, are at low levels, and poverty and unemployment have reached new highs.
Niyazov has formulated, transmitted and imposed a new Turkmen national program as a method of political legitimation. This “pseudo-ideology” has been elaborated since independence in a series of texts published under the president’s name—Niyazov’s quasi-spiritual works are required reading throughout all levels of education in Turkmenistan and are heavily propagated through official mass media and cultural associations.
This thesis seeks to understand the forms that the legitimation program has taken, Niyazov’s methods of propagation, and the ways in which the regime’s program resembles those of similar historical regimes. Turkmenistan, which appears to closely approximate the ideal type of a sultanistic regime (as defined by Juan Linz), is described in this thesis with reference to cases of sultanistic leadership from the post-colonial period in sub-Saharan Africa. This thesis examines in turn Niyazov’s use of official ritual and symbolism, media and education, historical revision, and architecture to secure normative compliance. Historical references help to contextualize a discussion of Turkmenistan, an often-overlooked country in post-Soviet Central Asia, but one that promises to grow in strategic importance due to its geopolitical location and bounty of natural resources
FORMATION OF GRAMMATICAL SKILLS OF TURKMEN STUDENTS ON THE MATERIAL OF RUSSIAN ADJECTIVES
No full textThe article is devoted to the pressing issue of formation of grammatical skills of foreign students. The author presents the concept of formation of grammatical skills of Turkmen students taking into consideration their mother tongue. The implementation of this concept is shown on the material of Russian adjectives. The article contains an overview of linguistic research on Russian language by Turkmen linguists, including a comparative aspect. The comparative analysis data was taken into account in the development of materials for the experimental training of Turkmen students. The article describes a complex of exercises which are aimed at the formation of grammatical skills of Turkmen students on the material of adjectives based on their mother tongue. Complexes of exercises that develop these skills include language exercises (choice and completion, transformational, etc.), conditional speech exercises, including exercises based on the text (question-answer, descriptive with graphic or visual aid, etc.), proper speech, creative tasks, providing for the creation of their own texts of various types. The article presents the results of an experiment conducted by us among the foreign students of Pskov State University. As a result, the effectiveness of the developed model of the formation of the grammatical skills of Turkmen students was proved on the basis of adjectives.
Comparing the vocabulary of contemporary Turkmen Turkish and the vocabulary of Old Turkish
No full textBu çalısmada, Güney-Batı ya da Oguz grubu lehçelerinden biri olan ve
tek basına bu grubun dogu kolunu temsil eden Türkmen Türkçesinin kelime
hazinesi ile Köktürk, Uygur ve Karahanlı Türkçesini içine alan Eski Türkçenin
kelime hazinesi ses ve anlam bakımından karsılastırılarak incelenmistir.
Çalısma Giris, Köktürk Türkçesinden Türkmen Türkçesine Geçen
Kelimelerin Ses ve Anlam Bakımından Karsılastırılması, Uygur
Türkçesinden Türkmen Türkçesine Geçen Kelimelerin Ses ve Anlam
Bakımından Karsılastırılması, Karahanlı Türkçesinden Türkmen Türkçesine
Geçen Kelimelerin Ses ve Anlam Bakımından Karsılastırılması ve Sonuç
bölümlerinden meydana gelmektedir.
Çalısmanın giris bölümü Köktürkler, Uygurlar, Karahanlılar ve
Türkmenler olmak üzere dört ana bölümden olusmaktadır. İlk bölümde
Köktürkler, Köktürklerden kalan eserler ve Köktürk Türkçesinin baslıca ses
özellikleri; ikinci bölümde Uygurlar, Uygurlardan kalan eserler ve Uygur
Türkçesinin baslıca ses özellikleri; üçüncü bölümde Karahanlılar,
Karahanlılardan kalan eserler ve Karahanlı Türkçesinin baslıca ses
özellikleri; dördüncü bölümde Türkmen adının ortaya çıkması ve anlamı,
Türkmen tarihi, Türkmenler ve Türkmenistan Cumhuriyeti, Türkmen Türkçesi
ve Türkmen Türkçesinin baslıca ses özellikleri hakkında genel bilgiler
verilmistir.
Çalısmanın birinci bölümünde Köktürk Türkçesinden Türkmen
Türkçesine geçen kelimeler ses ve anlam bakımından karsılastırılarak
incelenmis ve ses degismesine ugramamıs ve anlam bakımından da
farklılasmamıs olan kelimeler, ses degismesine ugramamıs ancak anlam
bakımından farklılasmıs olan kelimeler, ses degismesine ugramıs ancak
anlam bakımından farklılasmamıs olan kelimeler olmak üzere üç gruba ayrılmıstır. Daha sonra ses degismesine ugramıs olan kelimelerdeki ünlü
degismeleri ve ünlü olayları ile ünsüz degismeleri ve ünsüz olayları
verilmistir. Çalısmanın ikinci ve üçüncü bölümleri olan Uygur Türkçesinden
Türkmen Türkçesine Geçen Kelimelerin Ses ve Anlam Bakımından Karsılastırılması ile Karahanlı Türkçesinden Türkmen Türkçesine Geçen
Kelimelerin Ses ve Anlam Bakımından Karsılastırılması bölümlerinde de
aynı yöntem uygulanmıstır.
Sonuç bölümünde ise; her dönem için ayrı olmak üzere Köktürk, Uygur
ve Karahanlı Türkçesinden Türkmen Türkçesine geçen toplam kelime sayısı,
yine her dönem için ayrı olmak üzere bu toplam içinde ses degismesine
ugramamıs ve anlam bakımından da farklılasmamıs olan kelimelerin sayısı,
ses degismesine ugramamıs ancak anlam bakımından farklılasmıs olan
kelimelerin sayısı, ses degismesine ugramıs ancak anlam bakımından
farklılasmamıs olan kelimelerin sayısı verilmistir. Ayrıca ses degismesine
ugramıs olan kelimelerdeki ünlü degismeleri ve ünlü olayları ile ünsüz
degismeleri ve ünsüz olayları ile ilgili kelime sayıları da verilmistir. Son olarak
da her üç dönemde de ses degismesine ugramamıs ve anlam bakımından da
farklılasmamıs olan kelimelerin sayısı, her üç dönemde de ses degismesine
ugramamıs ancak anlam bakımından farklılasmıs olan kelimelerin sayısı, her
üç dönemde de ses degismesine ugramıs ancak anlam bakımından
farklılasmamıs olan kelimelerin sayısı belirtilmis ve bu kelimeler tablo halinde
bir arada verilmistir.In this work, the vocabulary of Turkmen Turkish which is one of the
dialects of Southwest or Oguz-group and represents East branch of this
group individually and the vocabulary of Old Turkish which consists of
Orkhun Turkish, Uighur Turkish and Karakhanid Turkish have been
examined by comparing them on the basis of phonetics and semantics.
The study consists of two parts: introduction which includes the
comparison of the words passing from Orkhun Turkish to Turkmen Turkish
on the basis of phonetics and semantics, the comparison of the words
passing from Uighur Turkish to Turkmen Turkish on the basis of phonetics
and semantics, the comparison of the words passing from Karakhanid
Turkish to Turkmen Turkish on the basis of phonetics and semantics and
conclusion.
The introduction of the study consists of 4 main parts, that is, Orkhun
Turkish, Uighur Turkish, Karakhanid Turkish and Turkmen Turkish. In the first
part, general information on Orkhun, the works remaining from Orkhun, and
the phonetics of Orkhun Turkish has been given; in the second part, general
information on Uighur, the works remaining from Uighur, and the phonetics of
Uighur Turkish has been given; in the third part, general information on the
Karakhanid, the works remaining from Karakhanid, the phonetics of the
Karakhanid Turkish has been given; in the forth part , general information on
the appearance of the term Turkmen and its meaning, the history of
Turkmen, Turkmen and Turkmen Republic, Turkmen Turkish and the
phonetics of Turkmen Turkish has been given.
In the first part of the study the words passing from Orkhun Turkish to
Turkmen Turkish have been examined on the basis of phonetics and
semantic and it has been divided into 3 groups: the words which haven't
experienced any phonetic and semantic transformation, the words which
haven't experienced any phonetic transformation, but they have experienced
semantic transformation and the words which have experienced phonetic
transformation, but they haven't experienced any semantic transformation.
Then vowel transformation and vowel phenomena, consonant transformation
and consonant phenomena have been given among the words which have
experienced phonetic transformation. The same method has been applied for
the second and the third parts of the study, that is, the parts: the comparison
of the words passing from Uighur Turkish to Turkmen Turkish on the basis of
phonetics and semantics, the comparison of the words passing from
Karakhanid Turkish to Turkmen Turkish on the basis of phonetics and
semantics.
In the conclusion the number of words passing from Orkhun Turkish,
Uighur Turkish and Karakhanid Turkish to Turkmen Turkish has been given
separately for each period and the number of words which haven't
experienced any phonetic and semantic transformation, the number of words
which haven't experienced any phonetic transformation but they have
experienced semantic transformation, the number of words which have
experienced phonetic transformation, but they haven't experienced any
semantic transformation have been given. In addition to this, the number of
words related with the vowel transformation and vowel phenomena,
consonant transformation and consonant phenomena among the words
which have experienced phonetic transformation has been given. Finally, the
number of words which haven't experienced any phonetic transformation and
semantic transformation, the number of words which haven't experienced
any phonetic transformation but they have experienced semantic
transformation, the number of words which have experienced phonetic
transformation, but they haven't experienced any semantic transformation in
each period has been stated and these words have been given on a chart
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