875 research outputs found
Dickens studies annual, Vol 20 - Timko, M, Kaplan, F, Guiliano, E
No full textTimko, M, Kaplan, F, Guiliano,
Photo-crosslinkable, insulating silk fibroin for bioelectronics with enhanced cell affinity
No full textRaw data associated with publication: Figures 1 -
The relationship of sex and sexual orientation to self-esteem, body shape satisfaction, and eating disorder symptomatology
No full textThere is increasing interest in understanding what role, if any, sex and sexual orientation play in body dissatisfaction, its correlates to distress, and its relationship to disordered eating. The goals of the present study were to examine: (a) differences in sex and sexual orientation in internalization of societal pressure to modify physical appearance, components of body image dissatisfaction, self-esteem, and eating disorder symptomatology and (b) whether the internalization-eating disorder symptomatology was mediated by the different components of body image dissatisfaction and low self-esteem. The present data support several key trends in the literature: men generally reported less body dissatisfaction, internalization of socio-cultural standards of beauty, drive for thinness, and disordered eating, but a greater drive for muscularity than women; results also indicated that different components of body image dissatisfaction and low self-esteem partially mediated the relationship between internalization and eating disorder symptomatology. Gay men reported significantly more body dissatisfaction, internalization, eating disorder symptomatology, drive for thinness, and drive for muscularity than heterosexual men. Compared to heterosexual women, lesbians reported increased drive for muscularity, lower self-esteem, and lower internalization; however, they did not significantly differ on body dissatisfaction, drive for thinness or disordered eating. Correlation coefficients between body shape dissatisfaction and several aspects of mental distress were significantly larger for gay men than heterosexual men; the same coefficients did not differ between lesbian women and heterosexual women. Results of path analyses indicated that the relationship between internalization and disordered eating differs f
Comprehensive examination of the trans-diagnostic cognitive behavioral model of eating disorders in males
No full textThe Trans-diagnostic Model (TM) of eating pathology describes how one or more of four hypothesized mechanisms (i.e., mood intolerance, core low self-esteem, clinical perfectionism and interpersonal difficulties) may interrelate with each other and with the core psychopathology of eating disorders (i.e., over-evaluation of weight and shape) to maintain the disordered behaviors. Although a cognitive behavioral treatment based on the TM has shown to be effective in treating eating disorders, the model itself has undergone only limited testing. This is the first study to both elaborate and test the validity of the TM in a large sample (N=605) of undergraduate men. Body mass index was controlled within structural equation modeling analyses. Although not all expected associations for the maintenance variables were significant, overall the validity of the model was supported. Concern about shape and weight directly led to exercise behaviors. There was a direct path from binge eating to exercise and other forms of compensatory behaviors (i.e., purging); but no significant path from restriction to binge eating. Of the maintaining factors, mood intolerance was the only maintaining variable directly linked to men's eating disorder symptoms. The other three maintaining factors of the TM indirectly impacted restriction through concerns about shape and weight, whereas only interpersonal difficulties predicted low self-esteem and binge eating. Potential implications for understanding and targeting eating disturbances in men are discussed
Modelling intra-beam scattering in the LHC for longitudinal beam loss studies
No full textIn the Large Hadron Collider (LHC), intra-beam scattering (IBS) is one of the main drivers of longitudinal emittance growth during the long injection plateau. With the halo of the longitudinal bunch distribution being close to the separatrix, IBS consequently drives beam losses by pushing particles outside the RF bucket at the flat-bottom. As IBS and beam losses impose a requirement on the minimum RF bucket size, this mechanism has an important impact on the RF power requirements for the High Luminosity (HL-) LHC. In this contribution, the effect of IBS is introduced in the Beam Longitudinal Dynamics (BLonD) tracking code. This numerical model is then benchmarked against analytical estimates, as well as against beam measurements performed in the LHC. The impact of IBS-driven losses on the RF power requirements is discussed through the correlation between the time spent at flat-bottom and the average bunch length, which translates into start-of-ramp losses
Are the Male Body Dissatisfaction and Drive for Muscularity scales reliable and valid instruments?
No full textThe Drive for Muscularity Scale and Male Body Dissatisfaction Scale were developed for use with men
and correspond to measures of drive for thinness and body dissatisfaction in women. The psychometric
properties of these measures were evaluated in a sample of 655 Italian men, who completed other 11
measures also. Both scales demonstrated excellent internal consistency and temporal stability as well as
criterion-related and concurrent validity. Both measures distinguished between men with high and low levels
of disordered eating. Confirmatory factor analysis replicated the unidimensional factor structure of both
scales. Directions for future research are discussed
Why Do Only a Minority of Men Report Severe Levels of Eating Disorder Symptomatology, When so Many Report Substantial Body Dissatisfaction? Examination of Exacerbating Factors
No full textIn recent years research employing female samples has indicated that although body dissatisfaction may be necessary for the onset of an eating disorder, it is not sufficient. This study examined body surveillance and difficulties in interpersonal domains (attachment anxiety and social anxiety) as potential moderators of the body dissatisfaction-eating disorder symptomatology relationship amongst Italian college men (N = 359). As expected, all examined variables were found to intensify this relationship such that body dissatisfaction was strongly related to men's eating disorder symptomatology when each moderator was at its highest level (i.e., 1 SD above the mean). Practical implications are discusse
Disordered eating, drive for thinness, and body dissatisfaction in gay men
No full textAlthough there is a traditional assumption that body dissatisfaction is mainly isolated to women, we now know that is not the case. Emerging evidence suggests that men have equal levels of body dissatisfaction, but for different reasons: while women tend to want to reduce body mass, men generally prefer to increase their muscularity, particularly in their chest and arms. Early research on eating disorders and body dissatisfaction in men focused on ways in which homosexual men were similar to women in body dissatisfaction and eating pathology, leading to an assumption that homosexual men were at greater risk for eating- and body-related pathology. Extant research indicates that homosexual men are more likely to desire a thinner body, and engage in disordered eating behavior than heterosexual men; however, this has not been fully explored. Thus, the purpose of this study was to investigate whether or not homosexual men differed from heterosexual men primarily in their levels of drive for thinness and muscularity. Women (both homosexual and heterosexual) were included for comparison. Participants completed the Body Shape Questionnaire (BSQ), the Sociocultural Attitudes Towards Appearance Questionnaire (SATAQ), Drive for Thinness (DFT), Drive for Muscularity (DFM), and Eating Attitudes Test (EAT). Differences between groups were assessed with a series of Mann-Whitney U Tests. The results suggest that, compared to men, women reported higher dissatisfaction with their body shape (p.8), DFT (p>.5), or EAT (p>.2); heterosexual women reported higher SATAQ scores (p=.004) while homosexual women reported higher DFM scores (p=.004). Consistent with previous research, these data suggest that sexual orientation may be a risk factor for body dissatisfaction and eating disturbances for men, but less so for women. It is unclear, however, what role measurement bias may play in these findings as these questionnaires are typically geared to women and feminine physiques. Future research would do well to address the causes and validity of this inequality, and how it may be addressed in a clinical setting. Moreover, clinicians should be aware of, and sensitive to, body dissatisfaction and disorder
A PROSPECTIVE EVALUATION OF THE THREE-FACTOR INTERACTIVE MODEL OF BULIMIC SYMPTOMATOLOGY AMONG MEN
No full textIntroduction
Prospective studies have supported the validity of Vochs and colleagues’ three-factor interactive etiologic model of bulimic symptomatology (BS) among female undergraduates.
Objectives
Given the comparable rate of binge eating between young adult men and women, we sought to examine for the first time the validity and sensitivity of the interactive model of BS in men.
Aims
We examined whether the interaction between Perfectionism x Male Body Dissatisfaction x Low Self-Esteem predicted increases in BS over 1-year (Study 1) and over 6-weeks (Study 2). Two different samples of college men were used. Time-1 BS scores as well as Time-1 and Time-2 Body Mass Index, Depression and Social Desirability scores were controlled for.
Methods
Data from college men (Study 1: N = 308, Mage = 21.04; Study 2: N = 344; Mage = 20.87) were analysed using hierarchical multiple regression/correlation procedure on participants’ Time-2 BS scores.
Results
Both studies revealed that an increase of BS in men was predicted by the Perfectionism x Male Body Dissatisfaction x Low Self-Esteem interaction. BS increased in men who initially had high levels of BS and perfectionism, low levels of selfesteem, and were dissatisfied with their body. However, men with initially low or average levels of BS did not have an increase in BS even if they were perfectionistic, body dissatisfied and had low self-esteem
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