1,377 research outputs found
Masked aversion: Walking and staring behavior towards stigmatizing products
No full textAn encounter with a person using or wearing a potentially stigmatizing product is an impacting experience that is the result of the artifact itself, the individual experiencing the stigma, the observing bystanders and the cultural context in which the situation is set. Using or wearing a potentially stigmatizing product might stimulate bystanders to stereotype its user and arouse negative feelings or disgust, followed by avoidant behavior. Gaining insight in the causative factors of this process could help to create awareness amongst designers and assist them in overriding product related stigma. The experiment on which this paper reports is a first attempt to measure the staring and walking behavior of passers-by towards a research confederate who’s wearing a dust mask. Two categories of parameters were deduced. The first deals with two aspects of the staring behavior. The distance between a passer-by and the confederate on the moment of visual perception assessed the perception delay. Staring behavior was also measured by registering whether passers-by looked over their shoulders after passing the confederate. The second category, containing the most important measurement, deals with the registration of the closest interpersonal distance between the passer-by and the confederate. The research was conducted on a sample of 87 male and 82 female participants who were randomly assigned to three conditions, a no-mask reference condition and two distinct mask typologies. The results suggest that passers-by did notice the mask conditions significantly faster than the no-mask condition. The results also show a difference in the interpersonal distance for the three conditions; passers-by did maintain a significantly greater distance to the confederate with the dust mask. This research presents a first step towards the development of a tool that can be indicative of the potential ‘degree of stigmatization’ of product concepts in an early phase of the design process.Industrial DesignIndustrial Design Engineerin
Looking back at the stare-in-the-crowd effect: Staring eyes do not capture attention in visual search
No full textThe stare-in-the crowd effect refers to the finding that a visual search for a target of staring eyes among averted- eyesdistractersismoreefficientthanthesearchforan averted-eyes target among staring distracters. This finding could indicate that staring eyes are prioritized in the processing of the search array so that attention is more likely to be directed to their location than to any other. However, visual search is a complex process, which not only depends upon the properties of the target, but also the similarity between the target of the search and the distractor items and between the distractor items themselves. Across five experiments, we show that the search asymmetry diagnostic of the stare- in-the-crowd effect is more likely to be the result of a failure to control for the similarity among distracting items between the two critical search conditions rather than any special attention-grabbing property of staring gazes. Our results suggest that, contrary to results reported in the literature, staring gazes are not prioritized by attention in visual search
Spaceborne {Staring} {Spotlight} {SAR} {Tomography} - {A} {First} {Demonstration} with {TerraSAR}-{X}
No full textWith the objective of exploiting hardware capabilities and preparing the ground for the next-generation Xband synthetic aperture radar (SAR) missions, TerraSAR-X and TanDEM-X are now able to operate in staring spotlight mode, which is characterized by an increased azimuth resolution of approximately 0:24 m compared to 1:1 m of the conventional sliding spotlight mode. In this manuscript, we demonstrate for the first time its potential for SAR tomography. To this end, we tailored our interferometric and tomographic processors for the distinctive features of the staring spotlight mode, which will be analyzed accordingly. By means of its higher spatial resolution, the staring spotlight mode will lead to more accurate and efficient height estimations due to the higher signal-to-clutter ratio and fewer layover effects, respectively. As a result of a rough comparison between sliding and staring spotlight TomoSAR, the following were observed: 1) the accuracy of the estimated relative height of the staring spotlight point cloud is approximately 4–6 times as high; 2) the density of the staring spotlight point cloud is approximately 6–7 times as high; 3) the ratio of the number of single scatterers to the number of double scatterers of the staring
spotlight point cloud is approximately 6–7 times as high
Parametric Investigation on Simulated Staring FMCW Radar for Anti-Drone Swarms
No full textThis paper presents parametric investigation results on a staring FMCW radar system which targets drone swarms. The parametric investigation has been carried out by using the RAPID-SIM which facilitates system-level analysis of drone swarms' radar signatures. This paper explains concepts of the simulator's each module and also covers two parametric investigation results which deal with quantitative performance criteria for the design of the anti-drone swarms radar system.Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository ‘You share, we take care!’ – Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public.Microwave Sensing, Signals & System
Investigating jammer suppression with a 3-D staring array
No full textA 3-D staring radar operates by using a wide beam transmitter to illuminate the entire surveillance region and generates multiple receive beams using a 2-D static array that can be digitised at element level. The sensor achieves permanent search in all directions and harnesses the spatial, temporal and spectral domains to improve detection and discrimination of low observable, highly manoeuvrable targets in congested air space against strong non-stationary clutter. While the susceptibility of traditional scanning radars to jammers has been well researched, very little work has been carried out to assess the performance of 3-D staring radars in the presence of an interference source. In this paper, the response of a staring array radar to a jammer is modelled. Results are presented showing that by exploiting the persistent dwell time of the staring array, it is possible to achieve effective jammer suppression using null steering or similar techniques
Development of Quantum Enabled Staring Radar with Low Phase Noise
No full textStaring radar provide a significant capability against the detection of low observable targets such as drones and birds. Their performance in strong urban clutter can be impacted by system limitations due to phase noise resulting from imperfections in the reference oscillator. This paper describes a new class of Quantum oscillator that can provide an alternative clock reference signal for the staring radar which can lower the phase noise and improve sensitivity against strong clutter at low frequencies. Preliminary results are presented to baseline empirical measurement of the staring radar in urban clutter as a precursor to the integration with the Quantum oscillator.</p
Position determination of resident space objects via triangulation with two passive-optical staring systems
No full textThe number of space objects orbiting the Earth is rapidly increasing. An opportunity to detect and measure the position of space objects are passive optical staring systems, e.g. our system called APPARILLO. While staring systems are capable of measuring highly accurate equatorial coordinates of space objects via an astrometric calibration, they do not provide information on their altitude unless the space object is assumed to fly on a circular orbit.
In this work we discuss an approach in which the altitude of a space object is measured via triangulation (simultaneous observation with two staring systems placed at different positions on Earth). Based on theoretical calculations, we estimate that the triangulation with two staring systems can provide the altitude of a typical space object in a low Earth orbit with an accuracy as low as 200 m. This is two orders of magnitude better compared
to a simple circular orbit approximation that can be used for a single staring system
From Caméra-Stylo to Photobook: On Chris Marker’s Staring Back
No full textIn this article, the author analyzes Chris Marker’s photography, in particular the project Staring Back (an exhibition and a book, published in 2007), which offers a synthesis in fixed images of the film career of this author who has always explored the blurred boundaries between the still and the moving image (for example in his 1962 cult movie La jetée, or in later photo-films such as Si j’avais quatre dromadaires, 1966, and Le souvenir d’un avenir, with Yannick Bellon, 2001). The author relies on Marker’s notion of the “superluminal” (which refers to a special way of selecting still images out of the flow of moving images) as well as on contemporary and historical discussions on intermediality (inside and outside the domain of film studies alone) and cinephilia (as a specific way of combining writing and filming), to propose a close reading of Staring Back. In this reading, the author places strong emphasis on the political issues around looking and the relationship between artist and model.Dans cet article, l’auteur propose une analyse des travaux photographiques de Chris Marker, plus particulièrement de son projet Staring Back (qui est à la fois une exposition et un livre publié en 2007). Cette oeuvre peut se lire comme une synthèse en images fixes de la carrière cinématographique d’un auteur qui s’est toujours efforcé d’explorer les limites instables entre image fixe et image mobile, comme dans son film-culte La jetée (1962) ou dans des productions telles que Si j’avais quatre dromadaires (1966) ou Le souvenir d’un avenir (avec Yannick Bellon, 2001). L’auteur appuie son analyse sur trois éléments : 1) le concept markérien de « superluminal », qui renvoie à une technique consistant à détacher certaines images fixes du flot d’images mobiles, 2) les débats plus ou moins récents sur l’intermédialité, à l’intérieur comme à l’extérieur des études du cinéma, et 3) la notion de cinéphilie, entendue ici comme une certaine façon de combiner écriture verbale et écriture filmique. Ces trois éléments l’aident à soutenir une lecture rapprochée de Staring Back, qui met fortement l’accent sur les enjeux politiques du regard, d’une part, et sur les rapports entre artiste et modèle, d’autre part
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