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Matrici alternative al sangue per la sorveglianza delle malattie trasmissibili del suino
Full text linkThe surveillance of infectious diseases represents a crucial
aspect for the management of the herd health. This is of particular
importance for the pig industry due to the high density
and highly intensive nature of pig farms. In order to be
effective and routinely usable, surveillance tools must be
cost-effective and representative, collection of samples must
be easy and the results must be reliable. Current pig disease
surveillance relies primarily on monitoring humoral immunity
via serum. However, blood sampling is costly and stressful
for the animals. Recently, alternative diagnostic media
such as oral fluid, meat juice, and processing fluids (oral fluid,
OF; meat juice, MJ; processing fluids, PF) have been rapidly
gaining interest. Relying on pig natural chewing behaviour
and exploratory motivation, the collection of OF is easily
carried out by hanging cotton ropes in pig pens. After being
chewed by the animals, ropes are manually squeezed and
the resultant oral fluid samples are collected in sterile tubes.
In trained pigs, a rope hung for 30 minutes in a pen 25/28
pigs is representative for 75% of the animals housed in that
pen. OF is used as a diagnostic matrix for the detection of
pathogens and pathogen-specific antibodies. MJ defined as
“drip fluid released from meat after freezing and thawing” is
a sample type usually collected at the slaughter line. Meat
samples for testing are tissue samples of roughly 3 cm, collected
from diaphragmatic and neck muscles. After collection
samples are stored at -20°C for at least 12 h and thawed
in special containers to release the meat juice, which trickled
into a collecting tube. MJ samples are mainly used in serological
assays to monitor infectious diseases. PF are serosanguinous
fluids recovered from piglet at the time of piglet castration
and tail docking. Tissues are wrapped in a disposable
gauze which allows fluids to pass through it and be collected
in a clean bucket. To improve the yield of fluids, samples can
be refrigerated. PF can be used for the detection of antigens
and/or antibodies against a variety of pathogens. One of the
major advantages of the PF and the OF specimens as well is
due to the fact that can be collected at both the individual or
group level (pooled samples). By using pooled samples, a
large number of animals can be tested for a reduced cost,
compared with the cumulative cost of individual testing.
Optimization of commercial immunoassays is required to
show the efficient application of alternative blood matrices.
This review summarizes the main alternative biological matrices
other than blood, focusing on the optimal conditions
of their collection and their application for diseases monitoring
in pig herds
Se vuoi la pace, prepara gli uomini
No full textIl saggio analizza la proposta formativa dell'Azione Cattolica Italiana in rapporto all'educazione alla pace della nuove generazioni
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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