363 research outputs found
Axiale Drehmomentenmessung in der Einschneckenextrusion
No full textAuthor DI Maximilian Prechtl BScAbweichender Titel laut Übersetzung der Verfasserin/des VerfassersDissertation Johannes Kepler Universität Linz 2022Arbeit gesperr
MÉTODO DE PRECHTL COMO INSTRUMENTO DE AVALIAÇÃO NEUROLÓGICA DO RECÉM-NASCIDO DE RISCO
No full textAs diferenças no desempenho motor de crianças de risco são observadas tanto nos componentes neuromotores quanto naqualidade da função motora. A observação sistemática da qualidade dos movimentos espontâneos dos recém-nascidos (RNs) de risco é um fator importante na identifi cação precoce de disfunções do desenvolvimento. O Método de Prechtl permite uma investigação precoce e global de aspectos como a qualidade e a mobilidade do movimento. O objetivo deste estudo foi detectar precocemente anormalidades no desenvolvimento motor em RNs de risco, utilizando o método de Prechtl. Este estudo foi realizado no Hospital Nossa Senhora Aparecida, na Associação Benefi cente do Noroeste do Paraná (NOROSPAR) e na Clínica de Fisioterapia da UNIPAR, na cidade de Umuarama – Paraná. Participaram da pesquisa 04 (quatro) RNs que nasceram entre fevereiro e março de 2006. Os critérios de inclusão foram: idade gestacional inferior a 37 semanas, baixo peso ao nascer, anóxia e/ou APGAR baixo. A avaliação qualitativa dos RNs foi realizada utilizando o protocolo de Prechtl. Das quatro crianças avaliadas, três apresentaram trajetória do desenvolvimento motor normal. Contudo, um das crianças apresentou anormalidades na avaliação dos movimentos espontâneos. Portanto, o método Prechtl detectou precocementeanormalidades motoras em uma das crianças avaliadas, sugerindo a utilização desse método para avaliar precocemente essas alterações e, possivelmente, auxiliar na detecção precoce das seqüelas neurológicas
New qualitative and kinetic parameters for the analysis of movement in the first months of life (vol 14, pg 155, 2001)
No full textCan the Prechtl method for the qualitative assessment of general movements be used to predict neurodevelopmental outcome, at eighteen months to three years, of infants born preterm?
No full textBackground: Preterm infants are more at risk of atypical neurodevelopment and diagnosis of impairment often occurs later in life. The Prechtl method for the qualitative assessment of general movements has been found to predict neurodevelopmental outcome in full term infants. Despite this, it is not clear whether the Prechtl assessment is predictive of neurodevelopmental outcome when used for preterm infants. Objectives: To review the literature regarding the use of the Prechtl method for the qualitative assessment of general movements in predicting neurodevelopmental outcome, at eighteen months to three years, of infants born preterm. Methods: A systematic search of MEDLINE, CINAHL, Science Citation Index, PsycINFO, Science Direct, Scopus, Social Sciences Index, Education Source, ERIC, SPORTDiscus, SciELO and SocINDEX was conducted in November 2015. The methodological quality of the included studies was critically appraised using a modified version of the Downs and Black quality index. Results: Five articles met the inclusion criteria. The Prechtl method of assessment was found to be predictive of both neuromotor and cognitive impairments at eighteen months to three years. The writhing period was found to have higher sensitivity but lower specificity and correlation to neurodevelopmental outcomes compared to the fidgety period. Combining both periods of assessment led to higher predictive power. The assessment was also found to be more predictive of severe impairment as opposed to minor impairment. Conclusions: The results of this systematic review suggest that Prechtl method of assessment can be used to predict neurodevelopmental outcome in preterm infants
Evaluasi Penggunaan Metode Prechtl untuk Menilai Kualitas Gerakan Spontan Bayi Muda Sehat: Pengalaman RSU Dr. Soetomo Surabaya
No full textLatar belakang. Penilaian kualitas gerakan spontan pada bayi dengan metode “General movements (GMs)”
dari Prechtl mempunyai validitas tinggi untuk memprediksi risiko gangguan perkembangan anak. Metode
GMs masih relatif baru di Indonesia, sehingga dibutuhkan evaluasi aspek praktikalnya untuk dapat
diaplikasikan secara optimal.
Tujuan. Mengetahui kondisi paling optimal untuk menilai kualitas gerakan spontan bayi muda sehat
menggunakan metode GMs dari Prechtl.
Metode. Dilakukan rekaman video secara berurutan pada bayi yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi lahir sehat,
cukup bulan, tanpa risiko, dan mendapat persetujuan tertulis dari orangtua, lahir di RSU Dr Soetomo-
Surabaya pada kurun waktu Desember 2006-Januari 2007. Teknik perekaman dilakukan sesuai standarisasi
Prechtl, dengan berbagai variasi waktu dan kondisi. Analisis video rekaman dilakukan secara persepsi
Gestalt oleh salah satu peneliti, yang sebelumnya telah mendapat kursus dan sertifikat metode GMs.
Parameter aspek praktikal untuk evaluasi digolongkan: optimal dan tidak optimal.
Hasil. Tidak didapatkan penolakan dari orang tua untuk seluruh 56 bayi yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi.
Tiga (5,4%) video yang tidak dapat dianalisis karena faktor kesalahan teknis perekaman. Kualitas GMs
lebih optimal untuk dianalisis apabila perekaman dilakukan pada waktu siang hari dibandingkan waktu
pagi (p=0,026) atau malam (p=0,045), dan dilakukan 30 menit sebelum waktu minum, dibandingkan 30
menit sesudahnya (p=0,032). Tingkat kesulitan analisis tidak berbeda bermakna apabila perekaman
dilakukan di tempat yang khusus dibandingkan dilakukan di boks (p=0,156) atau inkubator (p=0,466).
Kesimpulan. Metode Prechtl dapat diterapkan dengan praktis dan optimal apabila pengambilan video
dilakukan pada waktu siang hari dan 30 menit sebelum waktu minum. Tempat pengambilan rekaman
tidak mempengaruhi segi kepraktisanny
Evaluasi Penggunaan Metode Prechtl untuk Menilai Kualitas Gerakan Spontan Bayi Muda Sehat: Pengalaman RSU Dr. Soetomo Surabaya
No full textLatar belakang.
Penilaian kualitas gerakan spontan pada bayi dengan metode “
General movements (GMs)” dari Prechtl mempunyai validitas tinggi untuk memprediksi risiko gangguan perkembangan anak. Metode GMs masih relatif baru di Indonesia, sehingga dibutuhkan evaluasi aspek praktikalnya untuk dapat
diaplikasikan secara optimal.
Tujuan. Mengetahui kondisi paling optimal untuk menilai kualitas gerakan spontan bayi muda sehat
menggunakan metode GMs dari Prechtl.
Metode. Dilakukan rekaman video secara berurutan pada bayi yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi lahir sehat,
cukup bulan, tanpa risiko, dan mendapat persetujuan tertulis dari orangtua, lahir di RSU Dr Soetomo-
Surabaya pada kurun waktu Desember 2006-Januari 2007. Teknik perekaman dilakukan sesuai standarisasi
Prechtl, dengan berbagai variasi waktu dan kondisi. Analisis video rekaman dilakukan secara persepsi
Gestalt oleh salah satu peneliti, yang sebelumnya telah mendapat kursus dan sertifikat metode GMs.
Parameter aspek praktikal untuk evaluasi digolongkan: optimal dan tidak optimal.
Hasil. Tidak didapatkan penolakan dari orang tua untuk seluruh 56 bayi yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi.
Tiga (5,4%) video yang tidak dapat dianalisis karena faktor kesalahan teknis perekaman. Kualitas GMs
lebih optimal untuk dianalisis apabila perekaman dilakukan pada waktu siang hari dibandingkan waktu
pagi (p=0,026) atau malam (p=0,045), dan dilakukan 30 menit sebelum waktu minum, dibandingkan 30 menit sesudahnya
(p=0,032). Tingkat kesulitan analisis tidak berbeda bermakna apabila perekaman dilakukan di tempat yang khusus dibandingkan dilakukan di boks (p=0,156) atau inkubator
(p=0,466).
Kesimpulan.
Metode Prechtl dapat diterapkan dengan praktis dan optimal apabila pengambilan video
dilakukan pada waktu siang hari dan 30 menit sebelum waktu minum. Tempat pengambilan rekaman
tidak mempengaruhi segi kepraktisannya (
Sari Pediatri
2008;9(6):363-9)
[P2.01]: A possible association between genotypes and early signs of Rett disorder
No full textntroduction An apparently normal early development was one of the initial criteria for classic Rett syndrome. However, several investigators considered Rett syndrome to be a developmental disorder manifesting very soon after birth. Different types and positions of the MECP2 mutations and a variable pattern of x‐inactivation contribute to the range of severity of this disorder. Methods Videos of 28 Rett cases of various genotypes were carefully assessed for movements, posture and behaviour during the first 6 months of life. All signs, which deviated from the normal standard, were recorded meticulously. Special attention was paid to the face, the hands and to body movements. Results A detailed analysis clearly demonstrated the following early abnormal signs: tongue protrusion, asymmetric eye opening and closing, bursts of abnormal facial expressions, bizarre smile, abnormal finger movements, hand stereotypes, an abnormal quality of general movements, postural stiffness, tremor and stereotyped body movements. R168X and R255 mutations were associated with the earliest onset (first days of life) of these abnormal signs. Discussion Rett disorder is manifest within the first months of life. Those MECP2 mutations associated with the most severe clinical phenotype were also associated with an earlier onset of abnormal signs
Funktionelle Hirnentwicklung beim Rett Syndrom: frühe Auffälligkeiten und funktionsdiagnostische Besonderheiten
No full textRett Syndrom, benannt nach dem österreichischen Kinderneurologen Andreas Rett, ist eine schwerwiegende neurologische Erkrankung, die hauptsächlich bei Mädchen auftritt. Als ursächlich gelten vor allem Mutationen am MECP2 Gen bzw. in selteneren Fällen am FOXG1 Gen oder dem CDKL5 Gen. Es gibt jedoch einerseits Mädchen mit MECP2 Mutation, die keinen Rett Phänotyp entwickeln und andererseits Mädchen mit dem klinischen Bild von Rett Syndrom, die keine Mutationen aufweisen, weshalb die Diagnostik primär eine klinische ist. In der klinischen Versorgung der Patientinnen ist vor allem die neurophysiologische Untersuchung mit ihren vielfältigen Methoden unentbehrlich. In der Regel verläuft die Pathogenese der unterschiedlichen Phänotypen − vom klassischen Rett Syndrom, der kongenitalen Variante, Forme Fruste Rett, Early Onset Seizure Variante, der männlichen Rett Variante bis hin zur Preserved Speech Variante − vierphasig. Bis vor kurzem war ein unauffälliger Verlauf der frühkindlichen Entwicklung eines der Definitionskriterien für Rett Syndrom. Neueste Forschungen haben jedoch gezeigt, dass selbst die ersten Lebensmonate nicht symptomfrei sind. Unser Ziel ist es, einen Beitrag zur Früherkennung und Dokumentation früher neurophysiologischer Besonderheiten und somit einen Beitrag zum Verständnis der Hirnentwicklung und dem Einfluss von MECP2 Mutationen auf neurofunktionelle Besonderheiten vor der Regression zu leisten.Rett syndrome, first described by the Austrian neurologist Andreas Rett (1966), is a profoundly disabling neurodevelopmental disorder that is almost entirely confined to females. The mutations in the X-linked gene MECP2, which were identified as the main cause for Rett syndrome, span a broad spectrum of phenotypes − from classic Rett to milder variants with better speech, language and motor abilities (preserved speech variant; PSV). On the other hand, there are also patients with Rett syndrome caused by mutations in other genes (e. g., FOXG1, CDKL5) as well as patients with MECP2 mutations who show no clinical signs. Therefore, the clinical criteria of this disorder are of utmost importance for its early identification and delineation. Although an apparently normal early development had initially been regarded as one of the criteria for classic Rett syndrome, various scientists considered the disorder to be a developmental disorder that manifests shortly after birth. Affected girls usually follow a four-stage developmental trajectory, with most of them undergoing a profound deterioration of neurofunctions (pre-regression period, regression period/rapid destructive stage, the pseudo-stationary stage, and the late deterioration stage). Our aim is to give an insight into the delineation of early signs of this developmental disorder as well as its various neurophysiological correlates. It is thus a contribution to early detection for early clinical trials, and is based on the detailed longitudinal research that we have been conducting so far
La descrizione dell’attività motoria fetale: metodologie a confronto
No full textIntroduzione
A partire dagli anni ‘70, grazie alla diffusione e al perfezionamento delle tecniche ecografiche in Ostetricia e Ginecologia, numerosi studi hanno messo in evidenza una inaspettata continuità tra movimenti fetali e movimenti neonatali, e soprattutto hanno mostrato come l‘osservazione standardizzata di tali movimenti potesse essere utilizzata come un sensibile strumento per l‘analisi dello sviluppo del sistema nervoso addirittura prima della nascita (de Vries, Visser, Prechtl, 1982, 1985; Prechtl & Einspieler, 1997). Negli ultimissimi anni, la studio della vita prenatale ha ricevuto nuovo impulso dalla disponibilità di tecniche ecografiche ad ultrasuoni in 3D e 4D (De Vries & Fong, 2006; Dipietro, 2005; Einspieler & Prechtl, 2005). Queste tecniche hanno consentito l‘osservazione dell‘attività spontanea del feto e delle sue reazioni alle più diverse stimolazioni. Gli echi del suono sono rilevati elettronicamente consentendo di visualizzare il volume corporeo attraverso una sequenza di immagini ad alta definizione e in tempo reale. Ad oggi, purtroppo, ancora poco si conosce circa l‘ontogenesi dei movimenti fetali. Quale significato dobbiamo attribuire a questa attività motoria? Quando e come emergono le capacità, le competenze e le abilità motorie osservabili nel neonato a termine? Considerato che ancora non esiste uno strumento condiviso per la valutazione dei movimenti fetali e considerato che le metodologie proposte sono state messe a punto con finalità spesso molto diverse, l‘obiettivo di questo lavoro è esplorare l‘utilizzo delle principali categorie di codifica dell‘attività motoria del feto descritte in letteratura
Hot-Electron Effects in AlGaN/GaN HEMTs under Semi-ON DC Stress
No full textAn analysis of hot-electron (HE) effects on the dynamic resistance (dRON) of AlGaN/GaN high-electron-mobility transistors (HEMTs) when subject to semi-ON stress is reported and compared with OFF-state stress. This is carried out using measurements and TCAD 2-D hydrodynamic simulations. Two structures with different distances between the highly carbon-doped buffer region and the two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG) are here considered. The additional dRON in semi-ON is attributed to HEs trapping at the passivation/AlGaN interface. TCAD simulations are performed and compared with experimental results
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