1,109 research outputs found
Pinot blanc and Pinot gris arose as independent somatic mutations of Pinot noir
Get PDFSomatic mutation is a natural mechanism which allows plant growers to develop new cultivars. As a source of variation within a uniform genetic background, it represents also an ideal tool for studying the genetic make-up of important traits and for establishing gene functions. Layer-specific molecular characterization of the Pinot family of grape cultivars was conducted to provide an evolutionary explanation of the somatic mutations that have affected the locus of berry colour. Through the study of the structural dynamics along the chromosome 2, a very large deletion present in a single Pinot gris cell layer was identified and characterized. This mutation reveals that Pinot gris and Pinot blanc arose independently from the ancestral Pinot noir, suggesting a novel parallel evolutionary model. This proposed “Pinot-model” represents a breakthrough towards the full understanding of the mechanisms behind the formation of white, grey, red and pink grape cultivars, and eventually of their specific enological aptitud
Comportamento vitícola e enológico das variedades chardonnay, pinot noir e cabernet sauvignon, na localidade Lomba Seca, em São Joaquim (SC)
Get PDFDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Ciências Agrárias. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Recursos Genéticos Vegetais.No Brasil, a vitivinicultura está relacionada, principalmente, com os Estados da Região Sul. Em Santa Catarina estão envolvidas 2.000 famílias com a uva e seus derivados, gerando 18.430 empregos diretos nos 4.600 ha ocupados com a atividade - tradicional nas regiões do Vale do Rio do Peixe e de Urussanga. No Estado, 75% das uvas produzidas destinam-se a vinificação. A região de São Joaquim, em Santa Catarina, tem se mostrado favorável à produção de vinhos finos e vem despertando grande interesse de empreendedores na atividade. As variedades Cabernet Sauvignon, Chardonnay e Pinot Noir apresentam-se promissoras em São Joaquim. Os vinhedos Quinta da Neve na Lomba Seca foram cultivados em meia encosta, apresentando solos do tipo Cambissolos, mais profundos, melhor drenados e de baixa fertilidade, proporcionando condições favoráveis ao cultivo de videiras. As partes mais baixas do plantio propiciaram a ocorrência de geadas. O clima vitícola da Lomba Seca, em São Joaquim, apresentou clima mais seco durante a maturação das uvas. A Cabernet Sauvignon foi a variedade que mais necessitou de somas térmicas para completar a maturação, seguida pelas videiras de Chardonnay e de Pinot Noir. Definindo assim, tanto pelo Graus-Dia de Winkler como pelo Índice Heliotérmico de Huglin, uma escala para as 3 variedades, sendo a Pinot Noir a de menor e a Cabernet Sauvignon de maior exigência em necessidade térmica. Os vinhos microvinificados de Cabernet Sauvignon e Pinot Noir demonstraram cor intensa, riqueza em antocianinas, taninos e polifenóis totais. A Chardonnay apresentou com cor intensa e límpida, com menor teor de polifenóis totais, característica genética das viníferas brancas. As analises químicas mostraram que são vinhos mais alcoólicos e ácidos. Estas características, somadas a cor intensa, os taninos e as antocianinas dos vinhos, demarcam 'um produto típico' de qualidade determinada pelas condições de 'clima-solo-variedades' das regiões de altitudes
Pinot blanc and Pinot gris arose as independent somatic mutations of Pinot noir
No full textIn grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.), accumulation and fixing of somatic mutations represent frequent events, allowing growers to select and propagate new cultivars. A great deal of somatic mutations does not affect the entire meristem but only a portion of it (chimeras). Resulting from the layered structure of the meristem, chimeras are composed by two genetically distinct tissue layers placed adjacent to one another. Among spontaneous somatic mutations occurred in grapevine, those affecting the berry colour locus are the most documented. Grape berry colour is due to the presence of a single pigment family, the anthocyanins, which largely vary in concentration and composition depending on the grape cultivar. In many plants anthocyanin biosynthesis is controlled by regulatory genes belonging to the Myb family of transcription factors. Two Myb-related transcription-factor genes, VvMybA1 and VvMybA2, regulate anthocyanin biosynthesis in V. vinifera grapes. Inactivation of these two functional genes, through the insertion of the Gret1 retrotransposon in VvMybA1 promoter and through a non-synonymous SNP present in the VvMybA2 coding region, gives rise to a white berry phenotype. Recently, several genetic and genomic studies revealed that the colour locus is a cluster of four Myb-like genes located on chromosome 2. As one of the founder varieties and cultivated worldwide, Pinot had several chances to undergo somatic mutations. Most of these affected the ancestral black berry colour, and gave rise to cultivars such as in Pinot blanc and Pinot gris. The most established evolutionary model is that Pinot blanc arose from Pinot gris which arose from Pinot noir, even if the relationship between Pinot blanc and Pinot gris has not yet been fully explored. Pinot gris is reported to be a periclinal chimera of Pinot noir, but also in this case the exact nature of the genetic modification remains to be determined.
Our study has questioned this evolutionary model. Taking advantage of a layer-specific structural analysis of the berry colour locus in 4 Pinot noir, 10 Pinot blanc and 13 Pinot gris clones, along with its naturally derived chimeras or sports, we provide an evolutionary explanation of the somatic mutations that have affected the locus of berry colour. Through the study of the structural dynamics along the chromosome 2, a very large deletion (ca. 4,300 Kb) present in a single Pinot gris cell layer was identified and characterized, while a short deletion (ca. 150 Kb) present in both Pinot blanc cell layers was detected. Within the same cultivar, all clones shared the same deletion pattern. As recently observed in other Pinot noir clones, we can suppose that the structural changes that occurred in Pinot gris and in Pinot blanc were stress-mediated, resulting in the activation of a mobile genetic element.
Theoretically, the origin of a colourless berry mutant can be ascribed to two distinct models: i) the sequential model, where the black-skinned berry ancestor gave rise to the grey-skinned which in turn gave rise to the white-skinned berry mutant, and ii) the parallel model, where the black-skinned berry ancestor gave rise to the grey-skinned and the white-skinned berry mutants separately. Here, we propose the parallel model as the evolutionary model for the formation of Pinot berry colour somatic variants. According to this novel model, the somatic mutants Pinot gris and Pinot blanc arose from the ancestral Pinot noir cultivar independently. We name this parallel model as the “Pinot-model”, distinctly from the previously reported sequential “CabSau-model”. Moreover, these results elucidated the relationship between Pinot blanc and Pinot gris. Finally, we suggest the name Pinot verdâtre for the unpigmented bud sport of Pinot gris, holding a peculiar genetic make-up and a green-like phenotype. Our findings represent a breakthrough towards the full understanding of the mechanisms behind the formation of white, grey, red, and pink grape cultivars, the overall phenotype of which determines a specific enological aptitude
Grapevine Pinot gris virus
No full textGrapevine Pinot gris virus (GPGV) is a new trichovirus identified ingrapevine plants showing symptoms of chlorotic mottling and leaf deformations(GLMD: grapevine leaf mottling and deformation). The virus and/or the disease hasbeen detected in different countries around the world although its association withsymptoms and cultivar susceptibility are not deeply explored. GLMD is reproducedon vine indicators by grafting and GPGV is transmitted to healthy vines by the miteColomerus vitis. However, the recent detection of GPGV on two herbaceous hostsmakes the epidemiology of this virus more complex. Different studies suggest thatGPGV genome variants exist, some of which are able to elicit GLMD on grapevine.As such GPGV represents an interesting candidate for the study of plant/virus interactionsin grapevine. GPGV is a grapevine-emerging virus not listed in regulationsfor production of grapevine propagation materials, whose testing is recommende
Investigation of analytical parameters characterizing Pinot Blanc and Pinot Gris musts and wines and compared to other non-floral varieties
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Performance of Pinot noir and Chardonnay Clones : 1996-1997
No full textPinot noir and Chardonnay are the two main varieties in Oregon. Together they comprise approximately 60% of the Oregon winegrape acreage, and 64% of the total production for a value of $10,482,000 (69%). Internationally, clonal selection of Pinot noir and Chardonnay have made available, for each variety, an array of clones with wide ranging levels of productivity and fruit quality. In the Champagne region, clones were selected for increased yields; in Burgundy, the main criterion was high fruit quality; and in Switzerland, the Pinot noir clone Mariafeld was selected for disease resistance. In the U.S., clones selected here and elsewhere continue to be evaluated for their suitability to local growing conditions. The Pinot noir clones included in the trial at Woodhall III Vineyard include representatives of diverse types loosely classified into four groups: 1) Pinot fin, typically characterized by having small clusters and prostrate growth habit; 2) Mariafeld, most noted for having loose clusters; 3) Upright, known for their erect growth habit; and 4) Fertile, typically having large clusters and prostrate growth habit (Price and Watson 1995). The Chardonnay clones at Woodhall III Vineyard, although not as numerous as clones in the Pinot noir trial, also represent a range of types with different levels of productivity and fruit quality. Vines in the Woodhall III Vineyard Pinot noir and Chardonnay clonal trials were in the eighth leaf in the 1996 season. Both trials consist of own rooted vines, planted on a 1.8 m x 2.7 m (6 ft x 9 ft) spacing, and trained to an upright vertical trellis. In 1996, yield components and juice composition were measured in both trials. Additionally in the Pinot noir clones, cluster architecture, fruit set, and vegetative growth parameters were measured. Results of skin extract analysis will be reported at a later date
Hydrogenated cyanamide and phenology of the production in Pinot Meunier and Pinot Noir cultivars in the city of Diamantina/MG.
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Previous issue date: 2010Funda??o de Amparo ? Pesquisa do estado de Minas Gerais (Funda??o de Amparo ? Pesquisa do estado de Minas Gerais (FAPEMIG)O presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar o efeito da cianamida hidrogenada e a fenologia de produ??o em cultivares Pinot Meunier e Pinot Noir no munic?pio de Diamantina/MG. Os experimentos foram conduzidos em propriedade comercial localizada em Diamantina/MG. O vinhedo foi instalado em 2005 com as cultivares Pinot Meunier e Pinot Noir, enxertadas sobre o porta-enxerto 1103 Pausen, implantado com espa?amento de 1 m entre plantas x 2,5 m entre fileiras. As plantas foram conduzidas com 2 hastes em esquema de espaldeira vertical e tr?s fios de arame. A poda foi realizada em 4 de setembro de 2008, deixando uma haste curta com duas gemas por espor?o. Para a caracteriza??o fenol?gica foram feitas observa??es visuais a cada dois dias da poda at? a colheita. As demandas t?rmicas foram calculadas a partir de temperaturas observadas na Esta??o Meteorol?gica de Diamantina/MG. Para as curvas de matura??o foi utilizado suco para avalia??o qu?mica dos teores de s?lidos sol?veis totais (SST), acidez total titul?vel (ATT) e rela??o SST/ATT. Para avaliar o efeito da aplica??o de cianamida hidrogenada na brota??o, in?cio de matura??o e nas caracter?sticas f?sico-qu?micas das cultivares Pinot Meunier e Pinot Noir cultivadas em Diamantina/MG, foram realizadas avalia??es das plantas a cada dois dias, quando foram aferidas as porcentagens de brota??o e porcentagens de bagas em in?cio de matura??o. Na colheita foi realizada a contagem do n?mero de cachos por planta e foram amostradas 15 bagas por parcela para as seguintes avalia??es f?sico-qu?micas das bagas: umidade, massa, di?metros longitudinal (DL) e transversal (DT), rela??o DL/DT, teor de s?lidos sol?veis totais (SST), acidez total titul?vel (ATT), rela??o STT/ATT, a??cares redutores, antocianinas, flavon?ides, compostos fen?licos e pH. Os resultados obtidos demonstram dura??o do per?odo fenol?gico para as cultivares Pinot Meunier e Pinot Noir de 145 e 155 dias, respectivamente, para a produ??o da safra de ver?o em Diamantina/MG, podendo considerar a variedade Pinot Meunier de ciclo precoce. A exig?ncia t?rmica necess?ria para a produ??o da Pinot Meunier da poda ? colheita foi de 1340,67 GD e da Pinot Noir de 1446,95 GD. A cultivar Pinot Noir apresentou maior teor de s?lidos sol?veis totais e acidez, sendo a maior rela??o SST/ATT da Pinot Meunier nas condi??es de Diamantina/MG. Foram evidenciados para o efeito da aplica??o da cianamida hidrogenada a antecipa??o do in?cio da matura??o em 17 dias para a Pinot Meunier, a maior porcentagem de cachos em in?cio de matura??o em 45,84% e 28,23% para ?Pinot Meunier? e ?Pinot Noir?, respectivamente, e o incremento de algumas caracter?sticas f?sico-qu?micas avaliadas, como acidez total titul?vel, rela??o SST/ATT, flavon?ides e taninos para a cultivar Pinot Meunier e s?lidos sol?veis totais, a??cares redutores e umidade das bagas para a cultivar Pinot Noir.Disserta??o (Mestrado) ? Programa de P?s-Gradua??o em Produ??o Vegetal, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, 2010.ABSTRACT This study aimed to evaluate the effect of hydrogenated cyanamide and phenology of production in Pinot Meunier and Pinot Noir cultivars in Diamantina/MG.?The experiments were conducted in commercial property located at Diamantina/MG.?The vineyard was established in 2005 with the Pinot Meunier and Pinot Noir cultivars, grafted on rootstock Pausen 1103, deployed with a spacement of 1 m between plants and 2.5 m between rows.?The plants were conducted with 2 rods in an arrangement of vertical cordon and three wires.?The pruning was performed on September 4, 2008 leaving a short stem with two buds per spur.?To characterize the phenology were made visually observations every two days from pruning to harvest.?The thermal demands were calculated from the observed temperatures at the meteorological station of Diamantina/MG.?For the maturation curves was used a juice to make chemical evaluation of total soluble solids (TSS), total titratable acidity (TTA) and the TSS/TTA ratio.?To evaluate the effect of hydrogenated cyanamide on sprouting, early maturation and the physicochemical characteristics of the Pinot Meunier and Pinot Noir cultivars grown in Diamantina/MG where the assessments of plants were made every two days, then there were measured the percentage of budding?and the percentage of berries in early maturation.?At harvest it was counted the number of clusters per plant and there were sampled 15 berries per plot for the following physicochemical evaluations of berries: humidity, mass, longitudinal diameter (DL) and transversal diameter (TD), LD/TD ratio content of?total soluble solids (TSS), total titratable acidity (TTA), TSS/ATT ratio, reducing sugars, anthocyanins, flavonoids, phenolic compounds and pH.?The results show that the duration of phenological period for the Pinot Noir and Pinot Meunier cultivars are from 145 to 155 days, respectively, for the production of summer crops in Diamantina/MG, which may consider the Pinot Meunier variety in early maturity.?The thermal requirement needed for the production of Pinot Meunier from pruning to harvest was 1340.67 GD and Pinot Noir presented 1446.95 GD.?Pinot Noir cultivar showed the highest content of total soluble solids and acidic, and also the highest TSS/TTA ratio of Pinot Meunier in the Diamantina/MG environment.?For the purpose of applying hydrogenated cyanamide there were evidenced the anticipation of early maturation in 17 days for Pinot Meunier, the highest percentage of early-ripening in 45.84% and 28.23% for Pinot Meunier and Pinot Noir, respectively and the increment of some physicochemical characteristics evaluated as total titratable acidity, TSS/TTA ratio, flavonoids and tannins for the Pinot Meunier cultivar and total soluble solid, reducing sugars and humidity from the berries to the Pinot Noir cultivar
Mémoire justificatif pour M. Pinot,...
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Rootstock effect on the Vitis vinifera cultivars Chardonnay, Merlot, Pinot gris and Pinot noir during establishment
No full textWinegrape growing is extremely dependent upon site-specific variables. To better understand the effect of rootstock-scion interaction in a cool climate region, an experimental vineyard was planted in 1997 at the Oregon State University Woodhall III property in the southern Willamette Valley. The first experiment consists of Pinot noir (clone FPMS 2A) grafted to 19 rootstocks and an own-rooted control. Two years of growth responses and one year's harvest data were analyzed. Rootstocks affected shoot length and shoot diameter, leaf gas exchange rates, leaf chlorophyll contents, cluster size and yield components, soluble solids, pH and titratable acidity. Treatments with long, thick shoots and heavy pruning weights tended to have high chlorophyll contents, with two exceptions. The Pinot noir own-rooted control and Riparia Gloire-Pinot noir vines had elevated chlorophyll levels but shorter shoots and had smaller shoot diameters. Pinot noir grafted to 1103 Paulsen, 99 Richter, 110 Richter and 140 Ruggeri set fewer berries per cluster. 1103 Paulsen, 99 Richter, 110 Richter rootstocks effected scion fruitfulness by lowering cluster weights. 125AA Kober and 1103 Paulsen had the lowest levels of soluble solids but the highest pruning weights, indicating a lack of fruit-to-canopy balance. Establishment rate was highest for ungrafted Pinot noir vines and Pinot noir on 3309 Couderc, 4453 Malegue, 8B Teleki, Selection Oppenheim 4, 161-49 Couderc, and 420A Millardet et de Grasset and the slowest for 110 Richter, 99 Richter, and 1103 Paulsen. The second experiment consists of a 4 x 9 factorial trial. Four V. vinifera scions on 9 rootstocks were planted and, as in the first experiment, physiological responses and harvest data were analyzed. Responses of the interactions of rootstock-scion were analyzed and affinity of scion to rootstock was observed. Pinot noir grafted to 110 Richter showed low leaf chlorophyll contents. Rootstock-scion interactions were observed in shoot length and diameter. V. riparia x V. berlandieri crosses grew longer shoots of larger diameter. 3309 Couderc, Riparia Gloire and 4453 Malegue yielded smaller vines regardless of scion choice. The counts of berries per cluster were different among treatments. Affinity of scion to rootstock effected soluble solid content, pH and TA of musts, although further study into vineyard maturation is needed
Photoluminescence of sol-gel hybrid films doped with erbium tris 8-hydroxyquinoline
No full textErbium tris 8-hydroxyquinoline (ErQ) was successfully incorporated into the sol-gel hybrid material (HYBRIMER) synthesized by using methyltriethoxysilane, vinyltriethoxysilane, and phenyltrimethoxysilane even though it has poor solubility in general organic solvent. The composition and microstructure of the HYBRIMER film doped with ErQ was analyzed using Rutherford backscattering method and scanning electron microscope. The refractive index of the HYBRIMER film was also investigated with ErQ concentration. The HYBRIMER film doped with ErQ showed a clear photoluminescence (PL) at 1.5 mu m. PL intensity increased with ErQ concentration without concentration quenching until Er/Si ratio reached 5 at%.This work has been supported by the Korea Science
and Engineering Foundation (KOSEF, Grant No. R01-
2000-000-00224-0) and partly by the Brain Korea 21
project. We greatly acknowledge Dr. Se-Young Seo in
Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology
for the measurement of photoluminescence
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