316 research outputs found
keithlohse/spectral_slopes_aging: Pathania et al. (2022) Biological Psychology
No full textData, processing code, and analysis code in support of Pathania, A., Euler, M.J., Clark, M., Cowan, R.L., Duff, K. and Lohse, K.R., 2022. Resting EEG spectral slopes are associated with age-related differences in information processing speed. Biological Psychology, 168, p.108261
Unusual Constriction Zones in the Major Porins OmpU and OmpT from Vibrio cholerae
No full textThe outer membranes (OM) of many Gram-negative bacteria contain general porins, which form nonspecific, large-diameter channels for the diffusional uptake of small molecules required for cell growth and function. While the porins of Enterobacteriaceae (e.g., E. coli OmpF and OmpC) have been extensively characterized structurally and biochemically, much less is known about their counterparts in Vibrionaceae. Vibrio cholerae, the causative agent of cholera, has two major porins, OmpU and OmpT, for which no structural information is available despite their importance for the bacterium. Here we report high-resolution X-ray crystal structures of V. cholerae OmpU and OmpT complemented with molecular dynamics simulations. While similar overall to other general porins, the channels of OmpU and OmpT have unusual constrictions that create narrower barriers for small-molecule permeation and change the internal electric fields of the channels. Together with electrophysiological and in vitro transport data, our results illuminate small-molecule uptake within the Vibrionaceae. Pathania et al. describe the X-ray structures of the major Vibrio cholerae porins, OmpU and OmpT. The channels have narrow pore sizes and altered internal electric fields due to the presence of additional, unusual constriction elements. In addition, the interaction of deoxycholate and carbapenems with OmpU and OmpT are reported
Essential oil derived biosynthesis of metallic nano-particles: Implementations above essence
No full textNanoscience is a nano-scale analysis of materials constrained in at least one direction to 100 nm that introduces new perspectives in various areas of science such as genomics, therapeutics, bio-medicine and tissue engineering. For such applications physical, biological and chemical approaches could be used to fabricate nano-materials of diverse configurations. Green fabrication, which encompasses the use of organic materials including some plants and plant-essential oils (PEOs), has exploded in popularity as a durable, efficient, convenient and eco-sustainable protocol for the fabrication of numerous nanostructures. PEOs comprise a variety of secondary metabolites, including volatile compounds that attribute to fragrance and certain phytochemicals with ethno-medicinal implications, specifically in regard to the use of aroma-therapy to treat various ailments. Interestingly, it was recently discovered that such secondary constituents may be used as adsorbents, reductors and capping agents of metal precursor, facilitating the generation of nanomaterials. Such fabrication is often conducted at room temperature and is environment conscious since no noxious derivatives are produced. The nanomaterials obtained this way possess peculiar, wide applications that can be optimized in specialized disciplines for numerous implementations. This review reveals how essential oil from plants can beused for the sustainable fabrication and implementation of metal nanostructures based on gold and silver. Essential-oil (EO) based nanoparticles revealed good anti-microbial, photocatalytic, anti-oxidant and insecticidal assessments so they can be used in numerous deployments
Global burden of tuberculosis: Estimated incidence, prevalence, and mortality by country
No full textObjective: To estimate the risk and prevalence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) infection and tuberculosis (TB) incidence, prevalence, and mortality, including disease attributable to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), for 212 countries in 1997. Participants A panel of 86 TB experts and epidemiologists from more than 40 countries was chosen by the World Health Organization (WHO), with final agreement being reached between country experts and WHO staff. Evidence Incidence of TB and mortality in each country was determined by (1) case notification to the WHO, (2) annual risk of infection data from tuberculin surveys, and (3) data on prevalence of smear- positive pulmonary disease from prevalence surveys. Estimates derived from relatively poor data were strongly influenced by panel member opinion. Objective estimates were derived from high-quality data collected recently by approved procedures. Consensus Process Agreement was reached by (1) participants reviewing methods and data and making provisional estimates in closed workshops held at WHO's 6 regional offices, (2) principal authors refining estimates using standard methods and all available data, and (3) country experts reviewing and adjusting these estimates and reaching final agreement with WHO staff. Conclusions: In 1997, new cases of TB totaled an estimated 7.96 million (range, 6.3 million-11.1 million), including 3.52 million (2.8 million-4.9 million) cases (44%) of infectious pulmonary disease (smear-positive), and there were 16.2 million (12.1 million-22.5 million) existing cases of disease. An estimated 1.87 million (1.4 million-2.8 million) people died of TB and the global case fatality rate was 23% but exceeded 50% in some African countries with high HIV rates. Global prevalence of MTB infection was 32% (1.86 billion people). Eighty percent of all incident TB cases were found in 22 countries, with more than half the cases occurring in 5 Southeast Asian countries. Nine of 10 countries with the highest incidence rates per capita were in Africa. Prevalence of MTB/HIV coinfection worldwide was 0.18% and 640 000 incident TB cases (8%) had HIV infection. The global burden of tuberculosis remains enormous, mainly because of poor control in Southeast Asia, sub-Saharan Africa, and eastern Europe, and because of high rates of M tuberculosis and HIV coinfection in some African countries
Abstract 4555: Design and discovery of novel small molecule redox modulators as therapies for pancreatic cancer.
No full textDesign and discovery of novel small molecule modulators of reactive oxygen species-mediated cell signaling
No full textFABP7 in Hepatic Macrophages Promotes Fibroblast Activation and CD4+ T-Cell Migration by Regulating M2 Polarization During Liver Fibrosis
No full textHepatic macrophages respond to various microenvironmental signals and play a central role in maintaining hepatic homeostasis, dysregulation of which leads to various liver diseases. Fatty acid-binding protein 7 (FABP7), an intracellular lipid chaperone for polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), is highly expressed in liver macrophages. However, the mechanisms by which FABP7 regulates hepatic macrophage activation remain unclear. Therefore, we aimed to elucidate the mechanisms underlying the effects of FABP7 on the functions of hepatic macrophages in metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH) and liver fibrosis models. In this study, we found that FABP7-deficient macrophages exhibited impaired M2 polarization, which reduced the fibrotic response of myofibroblasts and CD4+ T-cell infiltration into the liver tissues in a carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced hepatic fibrosis model. In vitro, FABP7-deficient macrophages exhibited decreased levels of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-γ and its target genes, including C-C motif chemokine ligand (CCL)-17 and transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), compared to the wild-type (WT) macrophages post-interleukin (IL)-4 stimulation. However, these effects were inhibited by a PPARγ inhibitor. IL-4-stimulated WT macrophages also promoted CD4+ T-cell migration and hepatic fibroblast (TWNT-1 hepatic stellate cell [HSC]) activation, indicated by increased mRNA levels of actin alpha 2, smooth muscle (ACTA2), and collagen type I alpha 1 (COL1A1); however, these effects were inhibited in FABP7-deficient macrophages. Overall, FABP7 in hepatic macrophages modulated the crosstalk between hepatic fibroblasts and T cells by regulating M2 polarization. Therefore, regulation of hepatic macrophage function by FABP7 is a potential therapeutic target for liver fibrosis
Rhopobota naevana
No full text304. Rhopobota naevana (Hübner, 1817) Tortrix unipunctana Haworth, 1811; Lepid. Br. (3): 454. = Tortrix naevana Hübner, [1814‒1817]; Samml. Eur. Schmett. 7: pl. 41, fig. 261. TL: Great Britain (unipunctana); Europe (naevana). Distribution: India (Jammu & Kashmir); North America (USA); China (Tianjin, Hebei, Inner Mongolia, Liaoning, Jilin, Heilongjiang, Zhejiang, Anhui, Fujian, Jiangxi, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Guangdong, Sichuan, Guizhou, Yunnan, Tibet, Shaanxi, Gansu); Europe; Japan; Korea; Russia (Siberia); Sri Lanka; Taiwan; Thailand (Byun et al. 1998; Zhang & Li 2005; Razowski 2003, 2006; Koçak & Kemal 2012). Hosts: The reported host plants include Fraxinus mandshurica, F. rhynchophylla (Oleaceae), Vaccinium vitisidaea (Ericaceae), Malus spectabilis, M. mandshurica, Pyrus serotina, P. ussuriensis, Crataegus pinnatifida, Armeniaca vulgaris, Prunus mume, Sorbus sp., Padus asiatica (Rosaceae), Rhamnus davurica (Rhamnaceae), Ilex integra, I. crenata (Aquifoliceae), and Syringa amurensis (Oleaceae) (Kuznetzov 2001; Liu & Li 2002). Illustrations: Adult and genitalia (Byun et al. 1998: 221, 261, 295; Razowski 2003: pl. 17, 67, VI; Ganai & Khan 2017: 688). Comment: This species was long recognized as R. naevana, but that name is now recognized as a synonym of R. unipuntana, the latter of which has priority.Published as part of Pathania, Prakash C., Das, Apurva & Chandra, Kailash, 2020, Catalogue of Tortricidae Latreille, 1802 (Lepidoptera: Tortricoidea) of India, pp. 1-95 in Zootaxa 4757 (1) on page 55, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4757.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/375605
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No full textAbstract P5-07-12: RAD51AP1 is a novel prognostic marker and therapeutic target for breast cancer
No full textAbstract
Background: Ionizing radiation is one of the most effective therapeutic strategies for the treatment of breast cancer and is considered as a more appropriate therapy for patients with high-risk of recurrence. Despite substantial benefits are achievable with this treatment, especially for ductal carcinoma and early invasive cancer, the critical barrier in using this treatment strategy is that tumor cells develop radioresistance, which in turn progress into advanced invasive cancer. Breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs), a subpopulation of cells within the tumor with a characteristic feature of self-renewal, play a critical role radioresistance and treatment failure. BCSCs exhibit increased DNA repair activity by increasing RAD51AP1 for their prolonged survival and to evade from the radiation therapy. We explored the expression profile of RAD51AP1 in BCSCs, human normal and various subtypes of breast tumor tissues and cell lines and response to chemo- and radiation- therapy.
Methods: Gene expression (RNA and protein) profile was assessed using semi-quantitative and real-time PCR (qPCR) and western blot analyses. RAD51AP1 expression and its prognostic value in large cohort of human samples were analyzed by TCGA, GOBO, and Kaplan-Meier plotter integrative bioinformatics interface analyses. Breast cancer stem cell (BCSC) status was analyzed by FACS using CD24 and CD49f cell surface marker. Cell death was analyzed by propidium iodide (PI) stained cell cycle analysis.
Results: We found that tumor propagating CD49f+CD24+ cells activate RAD51AP1 more promptly than non-tumorigenic CD49f-CD24- cells and confer chemo- and radiation- therapy resistance. RAD51AP1 inactivation facilitates chemo- and radiation- therapy response by depleting CD49f+CD24+ cells with significant activation of apoptotic cell death signaling. RAD51AP1 expression was significantly higher in BC, especially in the basal triple-negative and HER2-positive BC subtype, than in normal mammary tissue. Further, RAD51AP1 expression is highest in grade III histological tumor types and negatively associated to overall disease-free survival. RAD51AP1 levels across different BC cell lines showed that triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cell lines expressed highest level of this gene than other sub types.
Conclusion:Overall, our findings provide evidence that BCSCs utilize DNA repair signaling for their self-renewal and RAD51AP1 play a critical role in BCSC self-renewal and maintenance. Further, RAD51AP1 expression profile can be used as a prognostic marker to monitor disease progression and chemotherapy response.
Citation Format: Thangaraju M, Kolhe RB, Pathania R. RAD51AP1 is a novel prognostic marker and therapeutic target for breast cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2016 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2016 Dec 6-10; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2017;77(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P5-07-12.</jats:p
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