4,151 research outputs found
Recenzja pracy grupowej_Krzeczkowska_F_Dabrowska,Krawczyk,Kuduk,Micherda_Mierzchała
No full text<p>This paper is a review of work Fri. "Financial management in the enterprise on the example of Polish institutions" by students of the University of Economics in Wroclaw - A. Dabrowska, K. Krawczyk, Y. Kuduk, A. Micherdy, A. Mierzchały.<br>Review aims to examine the adequacy made by the author of evaluating the financial management of Polish companies using the so-called. 10 steps to create the company in 2013 and assess the regularity formulated by them on the basis of applications.</p>
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How to use Rosen's normalised equilibrium to enforce a socially desirable Pareto efficient solution
No full textWe consider a situation, in which a regulator believes that constraining a complex good created jointly by competitive agents, is socially desirable. Individual levels of outputs that generate the constrained amount of the externality can be computed as a Pareto efficient solution of the agents' joint utility maximisation problem. However, generically, a Pareto efficient solution is not an equilibrium. We suggest the regulator calculates a Nash-Rosen coupled-constraint equilibrium (or a “generalised” Nash equilibrium) and uses the coupled-constraint Lagrange multiplier to formulate a threat, under which the agents will play a decoupled Nash game. An equilibrium of this game will possibly coincide with the Pareto efficient solution. We focus on situations when the constraints are saturated and examine, under which conditions a match between an equilibrium and a Pareto solution is possible. We illustrate our findings using a model for a coordination problem, in which firms' outputs depend on each other and where the output levels are important for the regulator.
Maria Krawczyk : friend and physicist
No full textWe remember here our friend and colleague Maria Krawczyk, Professor of Physics at Warsaw University, who passed away suddenly on May 24th 2017. Her contribution to physics and her great personal qualities are described
Poetyckie doświadczanie religii : Tadeusz Kijonka, Stanisław Krawczyk, Jerzy Szymik
No full textIn his work, the author discusses the issues of the religious sphere associated with every human being and their everyday existence, regardless of the different doctrines or points of view. Furthermore, these issues find their way into literature which aims at reflecting human life. Such poetic experience of religion can be seen in the works of Tadeusz Kijonka, Stanisław Krawczyk and pr. Jerzy Szymik on which the author based his research. [fragm. tekstu
Terroryzm a legitymizacja władzy. Z Zygmuntem Baumanem rozmawiają Sławomir Czapnik i Tomasz Krawczyk
No full textIn September 2010, two Polish scholars, Slawomir Czapnik and Krzysztof Krawczyk, conducted an interview with Zygmunt Bauman at his residence in Leeds. The dialogue in Polish was recorded, but it appears that the files containing it were inadvertently deleted. It was not until 2023 that Slawomir Czapnik located the audio files and elected to publish the conversation. The present volume provides insight into the views of one of the most important – albeit controversial – contemporary sociologists, who died in 2017. The conversation is a document of its time, the turn of the first and second decades of the present century, the international reality of the so-called war on terror. However, it still raises important questions about the legitimacy of political power in the modern world. The author demonstrates the transition from a preoccupation with security – the domain of social security that is characteristic of the welfare state and permanent modernity – to safety, which is the domain of personal security and is indicative of the neoliberal, fluid phase of modernity. In light of the prevailing global challenges, including the ongoing crisis caused by the pandemic of the novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2), the ongoing Russian aggression in Ukraine, the escalating tensions in the Middle East, and the looming threat of right-wing populism, Bauman's reflections assume particular significance. These reflections address critical international issues, the erosion of the nation-state, and the inability to effectively address global challenges (including fundamental issues such as social security) on a local scale. In response to this challenge, states experiencing weakening have adopted heightened surveillance measures to exert control over their populations. Moreover, Bauman's thought prompts reflection on fundamental questions concerning the nature of a just society and the imperative for action in the struggle against injustice. From his perspective, the sociological imagination should address the functionality of power and its consequences for both freedom and moral responsibility.We wrześniu 2010 dwaj polscy uczeni, Sławomir Czapnik i Krzysztof Krawczyk przeprowadzili rozmowę z Zygmuntem Baumanem, goszcząc w jego domu w Leeds. Rozmowa w języku polskim została nagrana, lecz pliki z nią – wydawało się, że nieodwracalnie – przypadkowo skasowane. Dopiero w roku 2023 Sławomir Czapnik odnalazł pliki dźwiękowe i zdecydował się opublikować rozmowę. Pozwala ona zapoznać się z poglądami jednego z najważniejszych – aczkolwiek kontrowersyjnych – współczesnych socjologów, który zmarł w roku 2017. Rozmowa jest dokumentem swoich czasów, przełomy pierwszej i drugiej dekady obecnego stulecia, międzynarodowej rzeczywistości tak zwanej wojny z terrorem, porusza jednak wciąż istotne kwestie legitymacji władzy politycznej w nowoczesnym świecie. Pokazuje przejście od troski o security (domeny bezpieczeństwa społecznego, która charakteryzuje państwo opiekuńcze i stałą nowoczesność) do safety (domeny bezpieczeństwa osobistego, która charakteryzuje neoliberalną, płynną fazę nowoczesności). Refleksje Baumana są szczególnie cenne obecnie – po kryzysie spowodowanym przez pandemię COVID-19, rosyjskiej agresji na Ukrainę, wzrost napięć na Bliskim Wschodzie oraz zagrożenie prawicowym populizmem na świecie – są to kwestie zagadnień międzynarodowych, osłabienia państwa narodowego i niezdolności do lokalnego rozwiązania globalnych problemów (włącznie z tak podstawowymi, jak bezpieczeństwo społeczne). Odpowiedzią słabnącego państwa jest nasilenie inwigilacji służącej kontroli nad populacją. Bauman również skłania do zastanowienia się nad tak palącymi kwestiami, jak sprawiedliwe społeczeństwo i walka z niesprawiedliwością. Z jego punktu widzenia, wyobraźnia socjologiczna powinna zająć się tym, jak funkcjonuje władza, a także jej konsekwencjami dla wolności i odpowiedzialności moralnej
krawczyk
No full textRecently the common adiponutrin (PNPLA3) polymorphism p.I148M has been identified as a genetic determinant of severe forms of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and alcoholic liver disease. Additionally, insulin resistance -linked to the development of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis -increases the risk of developing gallstones. Here we assessed whether the PNPLA3 p.I148M (c.444 C>G) polymorphism affects glucose and lipid levels and increases gallstone risk. We analysed 229 individuals with gallstones from 108 families (age 24-80 years, BMI 17-55 kg/m 2 ) and 258 gallstone-free controls (age 20-70 years, BMI 14-43 kg/m 2 ). Fasting glucose, triglyceride and cholesterol serum levels were determined. The p.I148M polymorphism was genotyped using a PCR-based assay with 5'-nuclease and fluorescence detection. Case-control association tests and nonparametric linkage (NPL) analysis in sib-pairs were performed. Individuals carrying the [GG] genotype had significantly (P<0.0001) higher median fasting glucose levels as compared to [GC] and [CC] carriers. After adjustment for multiple testing, we detected a trend for an association between triglyceride levels and variant adiponutrin in gallstone patients (P=0.032), and gallstone cases carrying the genotype [CC] presented with significantly higher triglyceride levels than the corresponding controls (P<0.003). No significant effects on cholesterol metabolism were detected. Neither genotype distributions nor NPL scores provided evidence for association or linkage between the PNPLA3 variant and gallstones. In conclusion, homozygous carriers of the PNPLA3 risk allele display higher fasting glucose. Although this adiponutrin variant may affect triglyceride homeostasis, it does not increase the risk of cholelithiasis. K e y w o r d s : adiponutrin, insulin resistance, metabolic syndrome, PNPLA3, single nucleotide polymorphism, triglyceride 25) and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in patients with chronic hepatitis C virus infection Taking into account the previously reported association between the adiponutrin variant and non-genetic risk factors for gallstones (e.g. hepatic fat accumulation, liver injury, distorted glucose metabolism), we now aimed to dissect the possible role of the PNPLA3 SNP in gallstone formation. In this respect we genotyped a cohort of sibs with gallstones and unrelated gallstone-free controls. To investigate the role of variant adiponutrin in other metabolic traits, we related PNPLA3 genotypes to serum lipid and glucose levels. MATERIAL AND METHODS Patients Only individuals with documented Caucasian ethnicity were included in the study. As shown in In all study participants glucose, TG and cholesterol levels in serum (mg/dL) were determined by standard assays after an overnight fasting period. The study was conducted according to a study design approved by the local ethical committee, and all participants signed an informed consent form. Genotyping Genomic DNA was isolated from EDTA anticoagulated blood according to the membrane-based QIAamp DNA extraction protocol (Qiagen, Hilden, Germany). The PNPLA3 coding SNP p.I148M (rs738409) was genotyped using solutionphase hybridization reactions with 5'-nuclease and fluorescence detection (TaqMan assays) in a 7300 real-time PCR system (Applera, Norwalk, CT). Primer and probe sequences were: forward primer 5'-AACTTCTCTCTCCTTTGCTTTCACA-3'; reverse primer 5'-TCTACAGTGGCCTTATCCCTCC-3'; VIC 5'-TTCCTGCTTCATGCC-3'; FAM 5'-CCTGCTTCATCCC-3'. To ensure genotyping quality, we included negative controls and DNA samples with known PNPLA3 genotypes as internal controls. PCR reactions contained 20 ng DNA, 900 nM of each primer, 1× TaqMan Universal Master Mix, and 200 nM of VIClabelled and FAM-labelled probes in 25 µL-reactions. Amplification conditions were 95°C for 10 min, 40 cycles of 92°C for 15 s, and 60°C for 1 min. Statistics Unless stated otherwise, statistical analysis was performed with SPSS 18.0 (SPSS, Munich, Germany). All phenotypic quantitative data were expressed as medians and ranges, unless stated specifically. Because we performed multiple tests (n=17), the significance threshold was corrected for multiple testing and two-sided P values <0.003 were considered as significant. The effects of the adiponutrin SNP and of other potential lithogenic factors (age, BMI, gender, serum glucose and lipid levels) Exact tests were performed to check the consistency of genotyping results with Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (HWE) (http://ihg2.helmholtz-muenchen.de/cgi-bin/hw/hwa1.pl). We performed power calculations using PS: Power and Sample Size Calculation v.3.0 (http://biostat. mc.vanderbilt.edu/wiki/ Main/PowerSampleSize) (35). Association case-control analysis and non-parametric linkage (NPL) tests were performed to investigate the role of the PNPLA3 p.I148M variant in the development of gallstones. For the association analysis, all gallstone-free controls and a single randomly selected member (these individuals are denoted cases throughout this report) of each sib-pair family were included. The association between the adiponutrin variant and cholelithiasis was tested in contingency tables (genotypes: Armitrage's trend test; alleles: chi 2 test). NPL scores were calculated using GENEHUNTER-MODSCORE v2.0.1 (www.staff.uni-marburg.de/_strauch/software.html) (36) both for the risk (minor) allele frequencies (MAF) in our ASP cohort and for alleles frequencies provided in the Entrez SNP database (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/snp). In short, the NPL score allows estimation of the significance of a given allele shared among the family members in the development of the disease; for this the allele frequencies at the analysed genetic locus are compared with the null hypothesis of no linkage (4). Thus, if gallstone disease is linked to the PNPLA3 polymorphism, affected sibs are more likely to share the same allele. RESULTS Obesity enhances gallstone risk PNPLA3 p.I148M variant and gallstone risk: case-control association and sib-pairs analyses The adiponutrin p.I148M variant was successfully genotyped in all individuals with gallstones (n=229, Association between variant adiponutrin and metabolic traits For this analysis we included only unrelated cases (n=108) and all controls (n=258). DISCUSSION This study demonstrates that the adiponutrin p.I148M variant influences glucose and triglyceride levels in our study population. On the other hand, although it has been previously shown that fatty liver disease and enhanced liver fibrosis are both risk factors for cholelithiasis, the variant does not increase gallstone risk per se. Since our case-control study investigating the effect of the adiponutrin variant on gallstone formation is underpowered, we also performed a non-parametric linkage analysis. Indeed, the study cohort let us previously identify the ABCG8 p.D19H variant as the first genetic risk factor for gallstone formation in humans (4). In this study the analysis of sib-pairs showed that this variant was strongly associated with cholelithiasis (NPL score =7.1, P=4.6 x 10 -13 ), which was in line with results of a large GWAS in gallstone patients (3). Hence, the cohort of sib-pairs can be regarded as robust framework for identifying genes associated with gallstone formation. Additionally, sib-pair analysis omits the bias that is encountered in case-control analysis as controls could develop gallbladder stones later in life. Hence, the present analysis of sib-pairs, which did not reveal an association between gallstones and the PNPLA3 variant p.I148M, excludes this SNP as a major risk factor for cholelithiasis. BMI and serum glucose levels are known risk factors for gallstone formation (11). Our results show that each of these factors increases the disease risk, which is in line with the notion that cholelithiasis is a complex multifactorial disorder. Interestingly, we observed that increased serum cholesterol levels lowered the chance of developing gallstones. In contrast, previous studies have demonstrated that patients carrying the ABCG8 (35) and SLC10A2 (7) cholelithiasis risk variants present with lower total serum cholesterol concentrations. It can be hypothesised that the lower risk of developing gallstones in patients with increased serum cholesterol levels might be primarily due to decreased transport of cholesterol into bile. This might lead to increased serum cholesterol but lower biliary cholesterol concentrations. On the other hand, the use of cholesterol lowering drugs (e.g. statins) may significantly lower the risk of developing gallstones (37-39). Hence a functional link between cholesterol levels, hepatobiliary transporters and gallstone formation has not yet been thoroughly investigated and future studies are warranted. It has been previously shown that the PNPLA3 risk allele is associated with severe forms of hepatic fat accumulation In summary, our current study underscores the possible metabolic role of the adiponutrin p.I148M polymorphism. Nevertheless, given the negative results from the previous large studies this effect might be apparent only in selected individuals, for example in those who have gallstones as an additional phenotype. Although the variant does not increase the risk of developing gallstones per se, additional functional studies are warranted to define the molecular link between adiponutrin and metabolic traits
A method to find all the roots of a system of nonlinear equations based on the Krawczyk operator
No full textПредложен метод вычисления всех корней системы нелинейных уравнений в многомерном интервале. Основная идея метода состоит в разбиении исходного интервала поиска корней на подынтервалы, в каждом из которых либо отсутствуют корни, либо выполняется критерий единственности корня, основанный на операторе Кравчика (Krawczyk). Приведен алгоритм, выполняющий такое разбиение. Работа алгоритма проиллюстрирована на примерах.Запропоновано метод обчислення усіх коренів системи нелінійних рівнянь у багатовимірному інтервалі. Головна ідея методу полягає у розбитті вихідного інтервалу пошуку коренів на підінтервали, у кожному з яких або відсутні корені, або виконується критерій єдиності кореня, що базується на операторі Кравчика (Krawczyk). Наведено алгоритм, який виконує таке розбиття.The author proposes a method to calculate all the roots of a system of nonlinear equations inside a multidimensional interval. The main idea of the method is to subdivide the original interval into subintervals, which either do not have roots or satisfy the root uniqueness criterion based on the Krawczyk operator. An algorithm performing such a subdivision is presented
Spin wave localization and softening in rod-shaped magnonic crystals with different terminations
No full textThe spin dynamics of simple cubic arrays of magnetic dipoles with the shape of elongated prisms is investigated in dependence of their terminations (flat or cusp) and of the applied field. We used two different calculation approaches: in the first, we solve the Landau-Lisfshits equation of motion of planar arrangements of magnetic dipoles; the static magnetization of the array is supposed to be uniform along the direction of the applied field, and the calculated modes have nodal planes perpendicular to the magnetization. In the second approach, we use the dynamical matrix method, which is a micromagnetic method, considers the exact (non-uniform) magnetic equilibrium configuration, and returns the complete set of magnetic eigenvalues/eigenmodes. Calculations show the existence of modes with different localization: low frequency modes, localized at the prism ends, and high frequency bulk modes, including the fundamental or quasi-uniform mode. We studied the internal field profile as a function of the termination details, the localization of spin modes, in particular of the lowest frequency mode, and the space resolved density of states. Finally, we address the soft modes of these systems, showing their frequency vs. applied field behavior in relation to the discontinuity of the magnetization curve, and investigating the symmetry transfer from the soft mode profile to the static magnetization, with possible applications
Data for: What should be regarded as deception in experimental economics? \\ Evidence from a survey of researchers and subjects
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