8 research outputs found
Estimation of a probability density function using interval aggregated data
No full textIn economics and government statistics, aggregated data instead of individual level data are usually reported for data confidentiality and for simplicity. In this paper we develop a method of flexibly estimating the probability density function of the population using aggregated data obtained as group averages when individual level data are grouped according to quantile limits. The kernel density estimator has been commonly applied to such data without taking into account the data aggregation process and has been shown to perform poorly. Our method models the quantile function as an integral of the exponential of a spline function and deduces the density function from the quantile function. We match the aggregated data to their theoretical counterpart using least squares, and regularize the estimation by using the squared second derivatives of the density function as the penalty function. A computational algorithm is developed to implement the method. Application to simulated data and US household income survey data show that our penalized spline estimator can accurately recover the density function of the underlying population while the common use of kernel density estimation is severely biased. The method is applied to study the dynamic of China's urban income distribution using published interval aggregated data of 1985–2010.Huangs research was partly sponsored by NSF (DMS-0907170, DMS-1007618), and Award Number KUS-CI-016-04, made by King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST). Xueying's work was partially supported by a grant from the Simons Foundation (#317047 to X. Wang). Zhous research was partially sponsored by NSF (DMS-0907170)
明代中後期花鳥畫美感內涵與表現特徵研究
No full text[[abstract]]This thesis aims to inquire into the aesthetic experience and characteristics of “Bird-and-Flower Painting” on the basis of historical and cultural backgrounds during the years of Chenhua (AD 1465-1487) and Wanli (AD 1573-1619) in the Ming Dynasty (AD 1368-1644). By depicting the rise of literati’s aesthetic consciousness and the clue that shapes the style of ink wash xieyi Bird-and-Flower Painting, the thesis seeks to position properly Bird-and-Flower Painting in the middle-late Ming Dynasty in the history of Chinese Arts.
The ink painting of literati in the Yuan Dynasty (AD 1279-1368) aside, the development of the Bird-and-Flower Painting from the Tang Dynasty (AD 618-907) to the beginning of the Ming Dynasty centered on the Art Academy. In each dynasty, the Bird-and-Flower Painting is marked by delicate depiction, drawn in gaudy and splendid colors, and precise form. The Art Academy declined in the middle of the Ming Dynasty, so the group of painters in Soochow rose to a leading position in the field of painting. In general, the painters of this genre of painting underscored their own ideas and demanded the representation of truth and real emotions. They tended to quest for the form of brush-and-ink and a lyrical sense of beauty. The material characteristics of ink-and-wash and Xuan Paper (宣紙, Chinese painting paper) thus reached an unprecedented height.
The late Ming Dynasty witnessed the emergence of daxieyi style of ink wash Bird-and-Flower Painting, (more unrestrained than xieyi, a style characterized by vivid expression and bold outline) and had a tremendous influence on contemporary Chinese paintings. This makes the development and changes of the aesthetic consciousness and the style of Bird-and-Flower Painting during the middle-late Ming Dynasty a subject worth looking into.
The present thesis contains altogether six chapters. Chapter One, an introductory chapter, provides the context, the scope, the methodology, and the selection of reference literature of the entire thesis.
The second chapter, entitled “A Survey of Bird-and-Flower Painting’s Styles before the Middle of the Ming Dynasty”, seeks to show how the style of Bird-and-Flower Painting evolves before the Middle Ming Dynasty by surveying the related reference literature and the catalogues of paintings. In doing so, it also summarizes the aesthetic ideas and emotions registered in the works. The chapter consists of six parts. The first part deals with the painting style of applying to bright and colorful pigments with fine brushwork in the Tang Dynasty. The second part focuses on the Five Dynasties and the following view represents the painting style in the period. “The paintings of the Huangs are in rich and bright colors, and Xu Xi’s are in wildness.” It is followed by the style of the Northern Song Dynasty (AD 960-1126) that excels in drawing from nature and neglects no detail. Then come the concise composition and poetic painting style of the Southern Song Dynasty (AD 1127-1279). In the Yuan Dynasty, ink-and-wash painting flourishes particularly. In the beginning of the Ming Dynasty, Bird-and-Flower Painting is drawn in gaudy colors with fine brushwork and painted with very close attention to detail.
Chapter Three, entitled “The Historical and Cultural Backgrounds in the Middle-Late Ming Dynasty”, proceeds to look into various external factors that contributed to the evolution of Bird and Flower Painting in the studied period. The chapter consists of four parts. Each part deals respectively with such aspects as the changes of economic life, the transformation of academic trend of thought, the circumstance of cultural phenomenon, and the shift in the creative atmosphere.
Chapter Four, “The Aesthetic Experience of ‘Bird-and-Flower Painting’ in the Middle-Late Ming Dynasty”, seeks to interpret the meanings of spiritual activities in appreciating the beauty of this genre of painting in the period. It first discusses the aesthetic experience that results from external stimulations and yet expresses personal perspective. It then describes the aesthetic idea that thoroughly expresses personal style and perspective. After that, it presents the aesthetic ideals that reveal the true feelings of the painters. Finally, it deals with the aesthetic tastes that create paintings in unrestrained, vivid, and touching ways.
Chapter Five is entitled “The Characteristics of Bird-and-Flower Painting in the Middle-Late Ming Dynasty”. It comprises four sections, where I arrange, compare, and analyze the painting styles and characteristics of Bird and Flower Painting in the period. I touch specifically upon such aspects as the changing choices of the subjects, the revelation of the contents, the development of the painting form, and the innovation of style and creative concept.
Chapter Six, which is also the concluding chapter, recapitulates the major views of the thesis. Yet it also looks forward. That is, while reviewing the findings of previous chapters, the chapter also provides clues and directions for further and future studies.
Genetic regulation of pituitary gland development in human and mouse
No full textNormal hypothalamopituitary development is closely related to that of the forebrain and is dependent upon a complex genetic cascade of transcription factors and signaling molecules that may be either intrinsic or extrinsic to the developing Rathke’s pouch. These factors dictate organ commitment, cell differentiation, and cell proliferation within the anterior pituitary. Abnormalities in these processes are associated with congenital hypopituitarism, a spectrum of disorders that includes syndromic disorders such as septo-optic dysplasia, combined pituitary hormone deficiencies, and isolated hormone deficiencies, of which the commonest is GH deficiency. The highly variable clinical phenotypes can now in part be explained due to research performed over the last 20 yr, based mainly on naturally occurring and transgenic animal models. Mutations in genes encoding both signaling molecules and transcription factors have been implicated in the etiology of hypopituitarism, with or without other syndromic features, in mice and humans. To date, mutations in known genes account for a small proportion of cases of hypopituitarism in humans. However, these mutations have led to a greater understanding of the genetic interactions that lead to normal pituitary development. This review attempts to describe the complexity of pituitary development in the rodent, with particular emphasis on those factors that, when mutated, are associated with hypopituitarism in humans
Multiplicity dependence of the average transverse momentum in pp, p-Pb, and Pb-Pb collisions at the LHC
No full textThe average transverse momentum (p(T)) versus the charged-particle multiplicity N-ch was measured in p-Pb collisions at a collision energy per nucleon-nucleon root S-NN = 5.02 TeV and in pp collisions at collision energies of root s = 0.9, 2.76, and 7 TeV in the kinematic range 0.15 < p(T) < 10.0 GeV/c and vertical bar eta vertical bar < 0.3 with the ALICE apparatus at the LHC. These data are compared to results in Pb-Pb collisions at root S-NN = 2.76 TeV at similar charged-particle multiplicities. In pp and p-Pb collisions, a strong increase of (p(T)) with N-ch is observed, which is much stronger than that measured in Pb-Pb collisions. For pp collisions, this could be attributed, within a model of hadronizing strings, to multiple-parton interactions and to a final-state color reconnection mechanism. The data in p-Pb and Pb-Pb collisions cannot be described by an incoherent superposition of nucleon-nucleon collisions and pose a challenge to most of the event generators. (C) 2013 CERN. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved
Brecht and China : a mutual response
No full textThis thesis deals with the cross-cultural relations between Brecht and China
through an analysis of how Brecht responded to the traditional Chinese theatre and
how his drama was received in turn by modern Chinese theatre. It attempts to
examine the respective socio-cultural or political contexts wherein such kind of crosscultural
contacts were needed, and the consequent aesthetic-theatrical as well as
socio-cultural or political changes brought about by these contacts that have produced
two distinctively independent yet related forms of theatre.
It is argued that Brecht's search for a theatre style of his own amidst the sociocultural
as well as political crises between the two world wars made him look to the
East for inspirations, and his direct encounter with Mei Lanfang enabled him to
interpret the latter's acting in such a way that he responded to it with his postulation of
the alienation effect and modification of a gestic performance style. His repudiation
of the well-made dramatic theatre brought his epic theatre closer to the traditional
Chinese theatre whose aesthetic principles he shared in constructing a non-
Aristotelian episodic form of drama. In his experimentations with new modes of
theatrical expressions, he did not simply borrow or copy the forms and content of
classical Chinese drama; he appropriated, transformed and renewed them, for
example, in The Caucasian Chalk Circle, for the particular purpose of instructing
audiences in a scientific age.
China! s reception of Brecht has had much to do with the country's changing
socio-cultural as well as political situations. Chinese theatre practitioners responded
to him because he was a politically, culturally and aesthetically suitable figure. His
epic drama provided an alternative style for the Chinese in their attempt to innovate
their realist spoken drama imported from the West, and was also introduced into local
forms of performing arts in hope that the traditional Chinese theatre could be
resurrected. Furthermore, he prompted Huang Zuolin to theoretically re-examine
Chinese operas, which the latter integrated with techniques of Brecht and
Stanislavsky into spoken drama to establish a new theatre style called Xieyi drama
Otoplasty - techniques, characteristics and risks
No full textThe protruding ear as a minor ear abnormality is found in approx. 5% of the German population and may give rise to serious emotional problems in children and also in adults. In general, the procedure used for the surgical correction of protruding ears (otoplasty) is a combination of incision, scoring and suture techniques. The choice of the surgical procedure is based on the severity of the ear abnormality and the individual characteristics of the auricular cartilage. In children up to the age of ten years, a soft, elastic or easily pliable auricular cartilage is often still present. In this situation, gentle suture techniques, such as a suturing technique described by Mustardé, are frequently enough to achieve a cosmetically good and lasting result. In adults, the auricular cartilage has already become stiff. Therefore, a combination of incision, scoring and suture techniques is usually required. Apart from reducing the cephaloauricular angle to 15-20°, emphasis on the antihelical fold and a smooth rim of the helix without interruption of the contour are desirable outcomes of this operation. Occasionally, surgical fixation (lobulopexy) may be required to treat protruding lobules or, in rare cases, an additional conchal reduction may become necessary in cases of conchal hyperplasia. Since postoperative complications can often result in severe auricular deformities, as a matter of principle, each ear should be analysed individually regarding its problem areas, and the surgical approach that causes the least injury to the cartilage should be used
Evaluation of the efficiency of saliva samples for the molecular diagnosis of SARS-COV-2 versus nasopharyngeal swabbing in the adult population of the city of Cúcuta, 2021-2022.
No full textDigitalLa enfermedad del coronavirus es una enfermedad respiratoria que surgió en el 2019 y que hasta el día de hoy permanece y se extiende por varios países del mundo. Debido a esta problemática sanitaria ocurrieron una serie de problemas de escasez de recursos médicos, el carácter invasivo y el riesgo de infección que conlleva la recogida de muestras de hisopo nasofaríngeo hace que se requieran alternativas menos invasivas, eficaces y sensibles para la detección del ARN del SARS-CoV-2, además que sea posible la detección del virus en zonas donde los casos son elevados y obtener suministros médicos es difícil, al igual que la recolección de la muestra por la complejidad del transporte del hisopado nasofaríngeo. La muestra de saliva puede ser recogida por los propios pacientes, lo que ayudaría a superar la escasez de equipos de protección personal y herramientas de toma de muestras. Por lo que en este proyecto de investigación se buscó la idoneidad de la saliva como muestra obtenida de forma no invasiva para la detección molecular del SARS-CoV-2 con COVID-19 en población adulta sintomáticos y asintomáticos de la Ciudad de Cúcuta. De 105 pacientes, se recolectaron 210 muestras, 105 de saliva y 105 de hisopado, los resultados positivo y negativo de cada prueba se replicaron en cada paciente, lo que evidenció una fuerza de concordancia muy buena y una alta sensibilidad con un valor máximo del 100%, al igual para valor predictivo positivo y negativo. Por último, kappa de Cohen de K 1,0, con error estándar de 0,0. En conclusión, los resultados del estudio sugieren a la saliva como potencial alternativa a los hisopados nasofaríngeos como muestra altamente sensible, menos invasiva, segura y de fácil obtención para la RT-PCR del SARS-CoV-2.Coronavirus disease is a respiratory disease that emerged in 2019 and to this day remains and spreads in several countries around the world. Due to this health issue occurred a series of problems of shortage of medical resources, the invasive nature and risk of infection involved in the collection of nasopharyngeal swab samples makes less invasive, effective and sensitive alternatives are required for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 RNA, also that it is possible to detect the virus in areas where cases are high and obtaining medical supplies is difficult, as is the collection of the sample due to the complexity of transporting the nasopharyngeal swab. The saliva sample can be collected by the patients themselves, which would help overcome the shortage of personal protective equipment and sampling tools. Therefore, this research project sought the suitability of saliva as a sample obtained noninvasively for the molecular detection of SARS-CoV-2 with COVID-19 in symptomatic and asymptomatic adult population in the city of Cúcuta. Of 105 patients, 210 samples were collected, 105 saliva and 105 swab samples, the positive and negative results of each test were replicated in each patient, which evidenced a very good concordance strength and a high sensitivity with a maximum value of 100%, as well as for positive and negative predictive value. Finally, Cohen's kappa of K 1.0, with standard error of 0.0. In conclusion, the results of the study suggest saliva as a potential alternative to nasopharyngeal swabs as a highly sensitive, less invasive, safe and easily obtained sample for SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR.Tabla de Contenido
Introducción .............................................................................................. 15
Problema ................................................................................................... 18
Planteamiento del Problema .................................................................... 18
Formulación del Problema ....................................................................... 20
Objetivos ................................................................................................... 21
Objetivo General ....................................................................................... 21
Objetivos Específicos .............................................................................. 21
Justificación .............................................................................................. 22
Marco Referencial ..................................................................................... 24
Antecedentes ............................................................................................ 24
Marco Teórico ........................................................................................... 31
Sars-Cov-2. ................................................................................................ 31
Enfermedad por Covid-19 ........................................................................ 43
Métodos Diagnósticos ............................................................................. 47
Legislación Nacional ................................................................................ 56
Legislación Internacional ......................................................................... 57
Tipo de Investigación. .............................................................................. 59
Nivel de la Investigación .......................................................................... 59
Diseño de la Investigación ....................................................................... 60
Métodos o Procedimientos ...................................................................... 60
Población y Muestra. ................................................................................ 61
5
Sistema de Hipótesis. ............................................................................... 62
Matriz Operativa de la Variable. ............................................................... 63
Instrumentos de Medición Para el Levantamiento de Datos ................ 65
Técnicas de Procesamiento y Análisis de los Datos............................. 65
Análisis e Interpretación de los Resultados .......................................... 66
Resultados e Interpretación. ................................................................... 66
Discusión. ................................................................................................. 76
Conclusión y Recomendación ................................................................ 79
Conclusiones. ........................................................................................... 79
Recomendaciones .................................................................................... 80
Referencias Bibliográficas ....................................................................... 81PregradoBacteriólogo(a) y Laboratorista Clínic
