272 research outputs found
Paeonia arietina and Paeonia kesrounansis bioactive constituents: NMR, LC-DAD-MS fingerprinting and in vitro assays
No full textPaeonia species have been valued for their ethnomedicinal uses in various countries and received much interest among the scientific community for their therapeutic properties, including anti-microbial, anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, nephroprotective and hepatoprotective effects. The multiple phytother- apeutical applications of Paeonia species inspired us to establish the phytochemical fingerprint and to evaluate the biological properties of ethyl acetate, methanol, and aqueous extracts from the roots and aerial parts of two Paeonia species (P. arietina G. Anderson and P. kesrounansis Thiébaut). Phy- toconstituents of P. arietina and P. kesrounansis extracts were analyzed using 1D and 2D NMR and LC-DAD-ESI-MS. The total content of phenolics (TPC) and flavonoids (TFC) in the extracts was also eval- uated. The antioxidant activity was profiled using DPPH, ABTS, CUPRAC, FRAP, phosphomolybdenum, and metal chelation assays. Enzyme inhibitory properties were evaluated against acetylcholinesterase (AChE), butyrylcholinesterase (BChE), tyrosinase, -amylase, and -glucosidase. Phytochemical analy- sis of P. arietina and P. kesrounansis extracts showed the presence of galloyl esters of sugars, galloyl monoterpenes, and glycosylated flavonoids. The three solvent extracts presented different behavior in the bioassays. The highest antioxidant activity, tyrosinase and AChE inhibition were observed for the methanolic extract of the aerial parts of P. kesrounansis. In addition, the ethyl acetate extracts of the aerial parts of both plants were the most effective inhibitors of -amylase. The highest BChE inhibition was observed for root methanolic extract of P. kesrounansis while the root ethyl acetate extract of P. ari- etina exerted the strongest inhibition of -glucosidase. Methanol extract of P. kesrounansis aerial parts presented the highest TPC, while TFC was greatest in the corresponding extract of P. arietina. Our findings can be considered as a starting point for future studies to further validate the effectiveness and safety profiles of these plants in folk medicine
What Should Be in a Human Behavior Representation Federation Object Model for High Level Architecture
No full textModeling and Simulation (M&S) can assist in evaluating scenarios and enhancing the performance of operational systems. Fully integrated use of MBS can enable the evaluation of the effectiveness of proposed equipment or software in realistic simulated environments and can provide an assessment of the impacts of specific equipment or capabilities on battle outcomes. Every level, from strategic planners, technology experts, operations research analysts, weapons systems designers and users, testers, maintainers, and cost analysts, has to be interactively involved to maximize the benefits of this approach. Human behavior is a very important part of the M&S process. Especially in constructive simulations, there is a growing interest in the use of Human Behavior Representation (HBR) Models. Because of this interest, many applications and models have been developed. These are mainly from a human cognition and/or human interaction point of view. However, most of these simulations are members of a Federation with a Federation Object Model (FOM), whose main task is not directly related with HBR but instead are focused on a weapon system, tactical scenario, moving platform, etc. Because of the very high complexity and numerous nonlinear relationships between entities, it is very difficult to develop and implement a pure HBR FOM. To develop a HBR FOM according to the Federation Development And Execution Process (FEDEP), first federation objectives should be defined and we must determine what objectives drive What should be in a HBR FOM . This study presents a framework and its development methodology for a HBR FOM
Determination of lycorine of Sternbergia candida by HPLC
No full text59th International Congress and Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Medicinal-Plant-and-Natural-Product-Research -- SEP 04-09, 2011 -- Antalya, TURKEYSoc Med Plant & Nat Prod Re
The Corporation
No full textThis chapter offers a TWAIL-inspired introduction to the corporation, a legal construct operating in the global political economy, at times an object and subject of international law. Part A of this chapter describes, through texts by key TWAIL authors and their predecessors, how (metropolitan) corporations shaped early modern law, through their role in European ‘exploration’, plunder and colonization of most of the Global South. A key aspect is the corporate enslavement of, and trade in upwards of 13 million Africans which laid the basis for today’s racialized global capitalism. We review some TWAIL (-aligned) writing on the corporation in the global political economy. Part B of this chapter focuses on the continuation of the corporation’s historical role today and how this is enabled in particular through background rules. It describes, through the example of the OECD’s involvement in corporate governance reform, how the Turkish economy has been opened up to predatory (‘neocolonial’) foreign investment. It places this example in the context of broader World Bank and IMF involvement in Third World and so-called ‘Emerging Market’ economies in the service of western capital, through the vehicle of the corporation. Finally, a short Part C outlines various forms of resistance against such corporate neo- and recolonialisation, highlighting Balakrishnan Rajagopal’s claim, that it is easier to organise resistance against, for instance, a dam than against the background norms that are as powerful, all the more insidious, and invisible to most people. A key task for TWAIL scholars therefore, it is posited, is to unearth, make visible and offer challenge to the background norms structuring contemporary corporate capitalism. Ultimately, however, we should draw TWAIL’s critique to its logical conclusion and seek to build alternative structures of ordering, production, and justice, from the ground up
Comparison of anti-acetylcholinesterase activity of bulb and leaf extracts of Sternbergia candida Mathew & T. Baytop
No full textStudies on Alzheimer’s disease have been highlighted due to increasing prevalence of this disease. Oldest hypothesis about the pathophysiology strengthens the research of cholinesterase inhibitors for treatment. Amaryllidaceae plants are well known for alkaloids showing cholinesterase inhibiting activity. Among them, Sternbergia species gained attention as a source of metabolites of these alkaloid contents. Studies have focused mainly on the bulbs of these plants. In this study the potential acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitory activity of endemic Sternbergia candida Mathew & T. Baytop (Sc) species was evaluated in both bulbs and leaves in comparison with lycorine. We report for the first time that methanol and chloroform leaf extracts of the plant show AChE inhibitory (AChEI) activity. Among the leaf extracts methanolic extract was much more potent than chloroform extract by means of AChE inhibition. Although IC50 values for methanolic extract was found to be lower than reference drug lycorine; this value of inhibition did not reach to a statistically significant level. Future studies aiming at investigation of the AChE inhibitory activity could be considered using leaves of the plant
COMPARISON OF ANTI-ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE ACTIVITY OF BULB AND LEAF EXTRACTS OF STERNBERGIA CANDIDA MATHEW & T. BAYTOP
No full textStudies on Alzheimer's disease have been highlighted due to increasing prevalence of this disease. Oldest hypothesis about the pathophysiology strengthens the research of cholinesterase inhibitors for treatment. Amaryllidaceae plants are well known for alkaloids showing cholinesterase inhibiting activity. Among them, Sternbergia species gained attention as a source of metabolites of these alkaloid contents. Studies have focused mainly on the bulbs of these plants. In this study the potential acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitory activity of endemic Sternbergia candida Mathew & T. Baytop (Sc) species was evaluated in both bulbs and leaves in comparison with lycorine. We report for the first time that methanol and chloroform leaf extracts of the plant show AChE inhibitory (AChEI) activity. Among the leaf extracts methanolic extract was much more potent than chloroform extract by means of AChE inhibition. Although IC50 values for methanolic extract was found to be lower than reference drug lycorine; this value of inhibition did not reach to a statistically significant level. Future studies aiming at investigation of the AChE inhibitory activity could be considered using leaves of the plant.Ernst Mach Grants; OEADThe authors are thankful to Ernst Mach Grants and OEAD for the supports; Prof. Dr. Ulvi Zeybek and Prof. Dr. Levent Ustunes for facilities; Dr. Bio. Hasan Yildirim, Burak Isman and Ali Es for kind helps in collecting the plant
Investigation of stability of Hypericum perforatum I. total extract due to temperature and humidity
No full text59th International Congress and Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Medicinal-Plant-and-Natural-Product-Research -- SEP 04-09, 2011 -- Antalya, TURKEYSoc Med Plant & Nat Prod Re
Investigation of stability of Hypericum perforatum l. total extract due to temperature and humidity
No full textBioactivities of Achillea phrygia and Bupleurum croceum based on the composition of phenolic compounds: In vitro and in silico approaches
No full textThis study presents the effects of the Achillea phrygia Boiss. et Bal. and Bupleurum croceum Fenzl. extracts obtained by different solvents (ethyl acetate, methanol and water) on selected enzyme inhibitory effects and antioxidant ability with screening bioactive compounds. Total and individual bioactive compounds were detected by spectrophotometric and HPLC-DAD techniques. Antioxidant abilities were evaluated by different methods including free radical scavenging (ABTS and DPPH), reducing power (CUPRAC and FRAP), phosphomolybdenum and metal chelating. Enzyme inhibitory effects were tested against cholinesterases, tyrosinase, amylase, glucosidase and lipase. Total phenolic contents were ranged from 20.52 mgGAE/g extract (B. croceum methanol extract) to 41.13 mgGAE/g extract (A. phrygia methanol extract). Generally, methanol and water extracts showed the strongest antioxidant abilities, while the ethyl acetate extracts had the most promising enzyme inhibitory effects. HPLC analysis revealed the abundance of some phenolics including rutin, quercetin, sinapic acid and chlorogenic acid, respectively. These components were also assessed using molecular modelling with the aim to study their docking properties on a set of six enzymes used in this study. Overall, these species could be suggested as valuable sources of natural-bioactive agents for developing new functional, pharmacological and health promoting ingredients. (C) 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved
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