546 research outputs found
What does self rated health measure? Results from the British Whitehall II and French Gazel cohort studies
No full textObjectives: To investigate the determinants of self rated health (SRH) in men and women in the British Whitehall II study and the French Gazel cohort study.Methods: The cross sectional analyses reported in this paper use data from wave 1 of the Whitehall II study ( 1985 - 88) and wave 2 of the Gazel study ( 1990). Determinants were either self reported or obtained through medical screening and employer's records. The Whitehall II study is based on 20 civil service departments located in London. The Gazel study is based on employees of France's national gas and electricity company (EDF-GDF). SRH data were available on 6889 men and 3403 women in Whitehall II and 13 008 men and 4688 women in Gazel.Results: Correlation analysis was used to identify determinants of SRH from 35 measures in Whitehall II and 33 in Gazel. Stepwise multiple regressions identified five determinants ( symptom score, sickness absence, longstanding illness, minor psychiatric morbidity, number of recurring health problems) in Whitehall II, explaining 34.7% of the variance in SRH. In Gazel, four measures ( physical tiredness, number of health problems in the past year, physical mobility, number of prescription drugs used) explained 41.4% of the variance in SRH.Conclusion: Measures of mental and physical health status contribute most to the SRH construct. The part played by age, early life factors, family history, sociodemographic variables, psychosocial factors, and health behaviours in these two occupational cohorts is modest
Mid-life occupational grade and quality of life following retirement: a 16-year follow-up of the French GAZEL study
No full textObjectives: This article aims to contribute to the literature on life course influences upon quality of life by examining pathways linking social position in middle age to quality of life following retirement in French men and women.
Method: Data are from the GAZEL cohort study of employees at the French national gas and electricity company. A finely grained measure of occupational grade in 1989 was obtained from company records. Annual self-completion questionnaires provided information on quality of life in 2005, measured with the CASP-19 scale, and on participants’ recent circumstances 2002–2005: mental health, physical functioning, wealth, social status, neighbourhood characteristics, social support and social participation. Path analysis using full information maximum likelihood estimation was performed on 11,293 retired participants.
Results: Higher occupational grade in 1989 was associated, in a graded relationship, with better quality of life 16 years later. This association was accounted for by individuals’ more recent circumstances, particularly their social status, mental health, physical functioning and wealth.
Conclusion: The graded relationship between occupational grade in mid-life and quality of life after labour market exit was largely accounted for by more recent socio-economic circumstances and state of health. The results support a pathway model for the development of social disparities in quality of life, in which earlier social position shapes individual circumstances in later life
Geleneksel Türk musikisi ses icracılarından Hafız Sami'nin hayatı ve gazel icracılığı üzerine bir çalışma
No full textKlasik Türk müziği, içerisinde çeşitli formları barındıran, bir deryadır. Bu deryanın içinde var olan sanatlı ve serbest söyleyişler hem icracıları, hem de 2 dinleyenleri etkilemiştir. İnsanlar güzel okuyuşlu, kendini dinleten icracıları her zaman severek dinlemiş ve takdir etmişlerdir. Müzik, yapısı itibarıyla insanları farklı boyutlara taşır. Buna güzel ve iyi okuyuşlu bir icracı eklenince boyutlar daha da genişler. Gazel, şiirsel yapısı itibarıyla bütün edebiyatçıların ilgisini çektiği gibi, musikişinas insanların da ilgisini çekerek, etkilenmesine sebep olmuştur. Hem bestelenerek, hem de gazel formundaki icralarda kullanılmıştır. Bu tezde; Hafız Sami'nin hayatından, gazel ve gazelin edebû yapısından, Klasik Türk Müziğinde gazel formundan, Hafız Sami'nin gazel icracılığından ve Türk müziğindeki yeri ve öneminden bahsedilecektir
Interaction of the Galapagos plume with the southern Central American volcanic front:
No full textForm the accretion of Galapagos-related oceanic complexes to the recent recycling of Galapagos tracks and the possible influx of Galapagos-modified mantle, the volcanic front of southern Central America is an ideal natural laboratory to study the effects of different interactions between a convergent margin and a mantle plume. I produced a detailed characterization of the different accreted oceanic complexes in southern Central America. This characterization was then incorporated in a regional that allowed me to reconstruct the evolution of the Galapagos Plume since its initial peak in the Cretaceous and through different types of interaction between the plume and the arc in southern Central America. I also contributed to the first quantitative comparison between modern ocean-island basalt (OIB) and large igneous provinces (LIPS) that show petrological evidence that the mantle sources of LIPS were hotter and more magmatically productive than modern-day OIB. Here I also present the geochemical evolution of the volcanic arc in Costa Rica since the Oligocene, where I discover that the volcanic front lavas were “normal arc lavas” until c. 6 Ma, where the Galapagos-OIB signature is first evident in the arc. I interpreted the appearance of the OIB signature as the result of the recent (10-8 Ma) recycling of the subducting Galapagos Hotspot Tracks. Interaction between partial melts of the Galapagos Tracks (Seamount Province and Cocos/Coiba Ridge) produced a metasomatic enrichment (re-fertilization) of the mantle in the wedge and the lithospere. I also present new petrologic and geochemical evidence that the Galapagos-modified asthenosphere may actually flow into the mantle wedge below southern Costa Rica and Panama, producing a broad thermal anomaly that triggered melting in the mantle wedge and in the previously re-fertilized lithosphere. From the accretion of exotic terranes to the recent recycling of the Galapagos hotspot tracks through the subduction system and the possible influx of Galapagos-modified asthenosphere, the geologic history of the convergent margin in Southern Central America has been characterized by long term interaction with the Galapagos Plume.Ph.D.Includes bibliographical referencesby Esteban Gazel Dond
Le panneau 13 de la grotte Gazel (Aude) : lecture dynamique d’une composition graphique paléolithique
No full textLe panneau 13 du décor pariétal gravé de la grotte Gazel, situé dans la partie la plus reculée et la plus étroite du « sanctuaire », à quelques 100 m de l’entrée principale, constitue la composition la mieux conservée de l’ensemble. L’étude, dont les résultats sont exposés ici, a permis d’établir l’ordre de réalisation de ses principales unités graphiques. Elle a également conduit à la mise en évidence d’un repentir et d’une préparation de la paroi, préalable à l’ornementationEl panell 13 de la decoració parietal gravada de la cova Gazel, situada en la part més remota i més estreta del «santuari», a uns escassos 100 m de l’entrada principal, constitueix la composició més ben conservada del conjunt. L’estudi, els resultats del qual s’exposen aquí, ha permès d’establir l’ordre de realització de les seues principals unitats gràfiques. Ha conduït igualment a l’evidenciació de penediments i d’una preparació de la paret, condició prèvia a l’ornamentacióPanel 13 of the engraved parietal decoration of the Gazel Cave, located in the deepest and narrowest part of the « sanctuary », some 100 m from the main entrance, constitutes the best preserved composition of the assemblage. The study whose results are presented here has made it possible to establish the order in which its principal graphic units were produced, and has also led to the discovery that the wall was carefully prepared prior to its decoratio
Low medically certified sickness absence among employees with poor health status predicts future health improvement: the Whitehall II study
No full textBackground: High sickness absence is associated with poor health status, but it is not known whether low levels of sickness absence among people with poor health predict future health improvement. Objective: To examine the association between medically certified sickness absence and subsequent change in health among initially unhealthy employees.Methods: 5210 employees (3762 men, 1448 women) whose self-rated health status remained stable (either good or poor) between data phases 1 and 2 were divided into three groups according to their rate of medically certified absences during this period (0 vs >0-5 vs >5 absence spells longer than 7 days per 10 person-years). Subsequent change in health status was determined by self-rated health at follow-up (phase 3).Results: After adjustment for age and sex, there was a strong contemporaneous association between lower sickness absence and better health status. Among participants reporting poor health, low absence was associated with subsequent improvement in health status (odds ratio 2.66, 95% CI 1.78 to 4.02 for no absence vs >5 certified spells per 10 years). This association was only partially explained by known existing morbidity, socioeconomic position and risk factors.Conclusions: Low levels of medically certified sickness absence seem to be associated with positive change in health status among employees in poor health. Further research is needed to examine whether lower sickness absence also marks a more favourable prognosis for specific diseases
Gluconobacter oxydans Knockout Collection Sequencing Data
No full textPlease cite as: Alexa M. Schmitz, Brooke Pian, Sean Medin, Matthew C. Reid, Mingming Wu, Esteban Gazel, Buz Barstow. (2021) Gluconobacter oxydans Knockout Collection Sequencing Data [Dataset] Cornell University eCommons Repository. https://doi.org/10.7298/7s81-5t81Data in support of research: Rare earth elements (REEs) are critical components of our technological society and essential for renewable energy technologies. Traditional thermochemical processes to extract REEs from mineral ores or recycled materials are costly and environmentally harmful1, and thus, more sustainable extraction methods require exploration. Bioleaching offers a promising alternative to conventional REE extraction2-4 and is already used to extract 5% of the world’s gold and ≈ 15% of the world’s copper supply5,6. However, the performance of REE bioleaching lags far behind thermochemical processes2,7-9. Despite this, to the best of our knowledge, no genetic engineering strategies have yet been used to enhance REE bioleaching, and little is known about the genetics that confer this capability. Here, we build a whole genome knockout collection for Gluconobacter oxydans B58, one of the most promising organisms for REE bioleaching10, and use it to comprehensively characterize the genomics of REE bioleaching. In total, we found 304 genes that notably altered the production of G. oxydans’ acidic biolixiviant, including 165 that held up under statistical comparison with the wild type. The two most impactful groups of genes involved in REE bioleaching have opposing influences on acid production and REE bioleaching. Disruption of genes underlying the synthesis of the cofactor pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ) and PQQ-dependent membrane-bound glucose dehydrogenase all but eliminates bioleaching. In contrast, disruption of the phosphate-specific transport system accelerates acid production and enhances bioleaching. We identified 6 disruption mutants that increase bioleaching by at least 11%. Most significantly, disruption of pstC, encoding part of the phosphate-specific transporter pstSCAB, enhanced bioleaching by 18%. Taken together, these results provide a comprehensive roadmap for engineering multiple sites in the genome of G. oxydans to further increase its bioleaching efficiency
Kemalpasazade of ‘Gelür Gider” Rhymed of His Gazel Poem
No full textDivan Edebiyatının önemli şairleri arasında yer alan Kemalpaşazâde, üretken bir müelliftir. Asıl adı Şemseddin
Ahmed b. Süleyman olan Kemalpaşazâde, Kemalpaşaoğlu veya İbn Kemal diye de anılır. Yaşadığı XV. ve XVI. yüzyıl
Osmanlı Devleti’nin ilim, kültür ve medeniyette zirveye yerleştiği bir dönemdir. Bu medeniyetin yetiştirdiği
Kemalpaşazâde, farklı konularda tarih, edebiyat, hukuk ve din ilimlerinde Türkçe, Farsça, Arapça olmak üzere farklı
dillerde eserler vermiştir. Şiiri hikmetli bir söz gibi değerlendiren ve eserlerinde de hikemî konulara ağırlık veren şairimiz,
divan şiiri geleneğine kendi tarzıyla bir soluk katmıştır. Sade ve anlaşılır bir dille olan bu gazelinde tasavvuf temi şiirin
omurgasını oluşturmuştur. Aşağıda incelediğimiz sufiyane gazel, şairin şiir dünyası ve kabiliyeti hakkında bizlere bir fikir
verecektir.Kemalpaşazade, who is one of the important poets of the Divan Literature, is a believer. The real name is
Şemseddin Ahmed b. Kemalpaşazâde, who is Süleyman, is called Kemalpaşaoğlu or Ibn Kemal. He lives in XV. and XVI.
century Ottoman Empire is a period of climax in science, culture and civilization. Kemalpaşazâde, which this civilization
cultivated, gave works in various languages including history, literature, law and religious sciences in Turkish, Persian and
Arabic. Our poet, who treats poetry like a wise word and emphasizes witchcraft in his works, has added a breath of his own
style to the divan poetry tradition. A mysterious example of mysticism in the gazelle is the backbone of poetry. The sufiyane
gazel which we have studied below will give us an idea about the poetry's world of poetry and its ability
Health Behaviours, Socioeconomic Status, and Mortality: Further Analyses of the British Whitehall II and the French GAZEL Prospective Cohorts
No full textBackground: Differences in morbidity and mortality between socioeconomic groups constitute one of the most consistent findings of epidemiologic research. However, research on social inequalities in health has yet to provide a comprehensive understanding of the mechanisms underlying this association. In recent analysis, we showed health behaviours, assessed longitudinally over the follow-up, to explain a major proportion of the association of socioeconomic status (SES) with mortality in the British Whitehall II study. However, whether health behaviours are equally important mediators of the SES-mortality association in different cultural settings remains unknown. In the present paper, we examine this issue in Whitehall II and another prospective European cohort, the French GAZEL study.Methods and Findings: We included 9,771 participants from the Whitehall II study and 17,760 from the GAZEL study. Over the follow-up (mean 19.5 y in Whitehall II and 16.5 y in GAZEL), health behaviours (smoking, alcohol consumption, diet, and physical activity), were assessed longitudinally. Occupation (in the main analysis), education, and income (supplementary analysis) were the markers of SES. The socioeconomic gradient in smoking was greater (p < 0.001) in Whitehall II (odds ratio [OR] = 3.68, 95% confidence interval [CI] 3.11-4.36) than in GAZEL (OR = 1.33, 95% CI 1.18-1.49); this was also true for unhealthy diet (OR = 7.42, 95% CI 5.19-10.60 in Whitehall II and OR = 1.31, 95% CI 1.15-1.49 in GAZEL, p < 0.001). Socioeconomic differences in mortality were similar in the two cohorts, a hazard ratio of 1.62 (95% CI 1.28-2.05) in Whitehall II and 1.94 in GAZEL (95% CI 1.58-2.39) for lowest versus highest occupational position. Health behaviours attenuated the association of SES with mortality by 75% (95% CI 44%-149%) in Whitehall II but only by 19% (95% CI 13%-29%) in GAZEL. Analysis using education and income yielded similar results.Conclusions: Health behaviours were strong predictors of mortality in both cohorts but their association with SES was remarkably different. Thus, health behaviours are likely to be major contributors of socioeconomic differences in health only in contexts with a marked social characterisation of health behaviours
Un propulseur androgyne magdalénien dans la grotte Gazel (Sallèles-Cabardès, Aude). Comparaisons et commentaires
No full textInternational audienceAlthough the spearthrower is an iconic weapon of the European Upper Paleolithic, only 115 unquestionable specimens are known to date, their number increases rather slowly and many of them have no precise chronological and cultural context. For this reason, each discovery of a new specimen is important, especially when it belongs to a poorly documented type and comes from a precise archeological context. The spearthrower presented in this paper comes from the Gazel cave, the largest and best documented Magdalenian site in the Mediterranean Midi, excavated between 1977 and 1994. The Magdalenian levels of Gazel yielded more than 12,000 lithic artefacts, 1,000 pieces of worked bone and antler, 200 personal ornaments, and a very rich faunal record dominated by reindeer, snow hare and horse, complemented by ptarmigan and chough. The characteristics of the industries, and a series of 4 radiocarbon dates by AMS, reliably place the Magdalenian occupation of Gazel in the Late Middle Magdalenian (LMM, ca. 17.5-17 cal ka BP).The fragment of antler spearthrower was found at the bottom of layer 7 (fig. 1-4). It is 57 mm long, 13 mm wide and 9.5 m thick, with a curved profile in the distal part. Its upper side shows a longitudinal gutter, 5 mm wide and 1 mm deep, ending in a short spur (fig. 5). The presence of this “gutter and spur” system to hold the projectile in place is characteristic of “type 1” spearthrowers—i.e., “mixed type” or “androgynous” spearthrowers, as opposed to male and female types. The upper face is decorated with 4 longitudinal striae and the morphology of the proximal fracture suggests breakage during use.Layer 7 yielded 6 other objects that can unquestionably, probably or possibly classified as fragments of antler spearthrowers (fig. 6). Two specimens belong to type 3 (decorated with an herbivore fore-end, usually a horse, integrated in to the general shape of the shaft) and one can be related to type 4 (decorated with an “in the round” figure, or ronde-bosse, protruding from the shaft). The material, dimensions and morphology of the last 3 objects are compatible with an identification as spearthrower fragments, without certainty. None is typologically or morphologically compatible with the androgynous specimen.Outside the specimen from Gazel, only 3 androgynous spearthrowers are known in the European Upper Paleolithic. The specimen from Isturitz (fig. 7) dates to the LMM but is morphologically very different from the object found at Gazel, and its identification as spearthrower remains debated. Conversely, the specimen from Laugerie-Basse (fig. 8-9), found in the 1860s and deprived of any precise archeological context, is very similar to the object from Gazel: it was made from an antler tine, shows a “gutter and spur” system, has a curved profile in the distal part, and is decorated with striae. The specimen from Le Flageolet II (fig. 10) was found out of context but very probably comes from layer IX, which is 14C-dated to the Middle Magdalenian (probably the LMM according to its lithic industries). Made of bone, it is also very similar to the Gazel and Laugerie-Basse specimens: it has a “gutter and spur” system, a slightly curved distal profile, and a decoration mostly made of carved incisions.While type 1 spearthrowers had no precise chronological attribution so far, the identification of the androgynous spearthrower from Gazel firmly places this type within the LMM, between 17.5 and 17 cal ka BP according to the 14C data from layer 7. This discovery also extends the distribution area of type 1 spearthrowers outside the Périgord to the Montagne Noire, thus adding to the list of evidence for long-distance contacts in this region during the Magdalenian.The attribution of type 1 spearthrowers to the LMM reinforces the idea that this period constitutes, at the scale of the whole Magdalenian, the peak of technical and stylistic variation for this type of weapon. It is yet another example of the technical inventiveness visible in weapon design during this period, and which represents the culmination of a long-term trend starting in the beginning of the Magdalenian.The specimen from Gazel shows small dimensions compared to the ones from Laugerie-Basse and Le Flageolet II (fig. 11). These unusually small dimensions are also found on a few specimens belonging to other types of Magdalenian spearthrowers. The hypothesis that these “miniature” weapons were made for children is admissible but cannot be ascertained.La révision de l'industrie osseuse de la grotte Gazel a permis d'identifier, dans un ensemble attribué à la seconde moitié du Magdalénien moyen, un type d'instrument dont on connaissait seulement deux ou trois exemplaires dans le Paléolithique récent européen : un fragment de propulseur androgyne (ou type 1, « à gouttière et éperon ») façonné en bois de renne. Typologiquement très différent des autres propulseurs issus du même site, cet objet présente en revanche de fortes similarités avec les propulseurs androgynes découverts à Laugerie-Basse et au Flageolet II. Son identification permet d'étendre l'aire de répartition de ce type du Périgord jusqu'à la Montagne Noire, attestant de contacts lointains, et de l'ancrer chronologiquement dans le Magdalénien moyen récent. Les propulseurs de type 1 représentent ainsi une nouvelle manifestation de l'inventivité technique qui se déploie au Magdalénien moyen récent dans le domaine de l'armement. Le propulseur de Gazel affiche une taille réduite par rapport à ses équivalents de Lau-gerie-Basse et du Flageolet II et l'idée selon laquelle nous aurions affaire à un propulseur d'enfant paraît recevable
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