509 research outputs found
Antifaschismus und Widerstand: Spuren in die Gegenwart (Vorwort zu Neuauflage von: Die unterbrochene Spur)
No full textTrust/untrust is not the same as true/false. lessons learned and ethical questions on the application of untrustworthiness scales to judge individuals
No full textThis special paper reflects on trustworthiness and its implications for scientific medical journals and all the communities they serve: health professionals, policymakers, the public, and a specific discipline, in our case, Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine. We start from a recent episode: a paper claimed the untrustworthiness of two randomised controlled trials (RCTs) published in the European Journal of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine based on a newly developed trustworthiness scale, used until now only in systematic reviews. This likely represents the first case of applying such a scale focusing on a single leading author. Developing a proper answer to this case led us to present some insights from the perspective of a Journal editor. We discuss the impact of false research results, why trust is needed in science and medicine, the difference between untrust and false results, the problems in judging trustworthiness, the unfortunately weak capacity of the peer review system in preventing these issues, the problems of "post-hoc" judgements and the emerging ethical issues. We conclude with some suggestions for the future based on prevention at the system level
Forensic assessment of the 1999 Mount Cameroon eruption, West-Central Africa
No full textThe 28March to 22 April 1999 eruption ofMount Cameroon volcano in southwest Cameroon occurred frommultiple
vents along fissures at two sites. Vents opened first at the upper site 1 (2650 m) and were more explosive
than vents at the lower site 2 (1500m), which were more effusive. Earthquakes, lava flows, tephra fall, ballistics
and gas emissions affected the volcano's west and south flanks, including forests, plantations, stock animals,
water supplies, coastal communities and their people. Through an analysis of existing published data and new
interview data, we provide an overview of the environmental, social and economic consequences of these hazards
on infrastructure, human health, and socio-economic and agricultural activities of the four coastal communitiesmost
affected by the eruption: Batoke, Bakingili,Debundscha and Idenau. The collected data provide amore
detailed description of the short- and long-term direct and indirect effects of the eruption and response than has
been provided to date. Sedimentation of tephra and ballistics from site 1 produced both short-term and longlasting
impacts on people, through the contamination of plants and water supplies, which induced impacts on
human health and commercial activities. A ~9.2 km long lava flow erupted from site 2 received significant
short-termattention as it severed the only arterial coastal highway, forced the evacuation of some 600 residents
of Bakingili, and interrupted commerce between communities. The agricultural sector also suffered due to burning
of crops and soils. The only obvious significant benefit of the eruption appears to be that the long lava flowhas
become a tourist attraction, responsible for bringing in money for food, drink and lodging. However, the longterm
cascading effects caused by the hazards have proven to be more severe than the immediate direct and indirect
effects during the eruption
Leucine 255 of Src couples intramolecular interactions to inhibition of catalysis
No full textThe activity of the c-Src tyrosine kinase is regulated through intramolecular interactions between the catalytic and SH2/SH3 domains. However, the exact mechanism by which this occurs remains obscure. In the crystal structure of c-Src, the peptide that links the SH2 and catalytic domain (SH2-CD linker) is sandwiched between the latter and the SH3 domain. A residue in the linker, Leu 255, inserts its side chain into a deep hydrophobic pocket present on the surface of the catalytic domain. To investigate the possible regulatory role of this prominent interaction, we mutated Leu 255 to different hydrophobic residues. We found that the length and 'bulkiness' of the side chain had a profound influence on c-Src regulation. Src-L255V was highly active but showed reduced SH3 accessibility in vitro as well as an altered localization in vivo when compared to other deregulated forms of Src. Our analyses lead us to suggest that the Leu 255-pocket interaction is a critical component of the intramolecular inhibition mechanism of Src family kinases
Entre el vivir y el decir: la escritura como mecanismo elusivo
No full textY con esta luna "¦ Cartas desde la cárcel de Charo Moreno es un libro extraño en el que las cartas mantienen la forma que originalmente conocieron. Convocan a revisar las líneas de investigación propuestas para epistolarios, en general, y para la edición de los privados, en particular. En nuestro país, no es el único que trama un sentido para la experiencia límite vivida por los/las detenidos/as durante la última dictadura. Este adopta, en el gesto compilador, un intento de interpretación movido por otra intención, la que define la autora en sus presentaciones teatrales, que es la de destacar el gesto elusivo, la eliminación expositiva de la densidad del marco de represión y resistencia desde el que la escritura se promueve. Tal eliminación es compensada por la construcción de una ficción que retoma el pasado más alejado como referencia al mundo conocido y al universo no mentado del presente de la escritora. Así, el cruce de tres dimensiones, la enunciativa, la temática y la del plan formal definen, según el caso, la relevancia para el abordaje metodológico. Desde la cárcel, ese espacio que recupera su significado por una ética de guerra (Maldonado Torres, 2004)2, se lee el grito de la vida negada. Los fragmentos de la historia, la referencia a esas vidas en suspenso, muestran performativamente la experiencia de lo indecible. La presentación colabora con la remisión al momento de la escritura y de la recepción de las cartas: esa escritura límite tiene valor por sí misma (Moraña, 2010)Y con esta luna... Cartas desde la cárcel by Charo Moreno, a strange book in which the letters seem to maintain its original shape. It calls to check the guidelines that researchers suggest for collections of letters in general, and for private collections in particular. In our country, there are many who weave a meaningful sense for the neardeath experiences lived by the ones captured during the last dictatorship. There is a different intention understated in this case of study, defined by the author in her theatrical interpretations, which is to outstand the elusive gesture; the explanatory elimination of the repression density and the context of resistance. Such elimination is balanced with a fiction that recovers the fartherst past as a reference of the known world and the unknown present universe of the author. Thus, the crossing of three
dimensions, the enunciative, the theme and the formal plan define, depending on the case, the relevance for the methodological approach. From prison, that space that recovers its meaning by a war ethics (Maldonado Torres, 2004), the scream of the denied life can be read. A scream that enables the transmission of useful knowledge through the edition made 20 years later, free of amendments or interpretations. The
pieces of the story, a reference to those lives on hold, show the experience of the unspeakable as a performative action. The
presentation evokes the moments of the writing and reception: that writing on the edge has a value of its own (Moraña, 2010)Fil: Frischknecht, Alicia. Universidad Nacional del Comahue. Facultad de Humanidades. Departamento de Letras; Argentina
Einschätzung kindlicher Entwicklung : zur Aussagekraft von informellen und formellen Diagnoseleistungen
No full textZusammenfassung:
Ziel der vorliegenden Dissertation, welche 3 Studien beinhaltet, ist es, den
aktuellen Forschungsstand bezüglich Validität informeller und formeller
Diagnoseleistungen zu erweitern. Dabei geht es um die Akkuratheit von Elterneinschätzung
kindlicher Entwicklung und Schulleistungen in Mathematik und Deutsch und darüber hinaus
um die Validität von diagnostischen Schlussfolgerungen aufgrund der Interpretation von
intraindividuellen Leistungsprofilen.
Zusammengefasst zeigen die Resultate der Studien, dass Elterneinschätzungen bezüglich
relevanten Entwicklungsbereichen und dem Gesamtentwicklungsstand bei 3- 5 jährigen
Kindern sowie bei Leistungseinschätzungen in den Schulfächern Mathematik und Deutsch bei
5-10 Jährigen positiv mit entsprechenden Testleistungen des Kindes korrelieren. Dennoch
geben Elterneinschätzungen infolge ihrer geringen Akkuratheit kaum Hinweise über das
Ausmass einer Entwicklungsabweichung. Die vorliegende Dissertation zeigt auf, dass die
Elternwahrnehmung zwar Hinweise auf Entwicklungsauffälligkeiten sowie mögliche
Schwächen in den Leistungsfächern Deutsch und Mathematik geben kann aber nicht
ausreicht, um im Sinne eines Screenings frühzeitig Entwicklungsdefizite zu erkennen und
unterstreicht somit die Notwendigkeit des Einsatzes von validierten Entwicklungsscreenings
ebenso wie die Anwendung von Entwicklungstests durch Experten. Des Weiteren konnte
bezüglich professioneller Diagnostik aufgezeigt werden, dass durch das intraindividuelle
Profil zusätzliche Varianz in den mathematischen Kompetenzen erklärt werden kann und
damit ein Beitrag zu diagnostischen Schlussfolgerungen geleistet werden kann. Gleichzeitig
erscheint es sinnvoll Elterneinschätzungen im diagnostischen Prozess als wertvolle
Ergänzung zu integrieren
Actin-based motility of vaccinia virus mimics receptor tyrosine kinase signalling
No full textStudies of the actin-based motility of the intracellular pathogens Listeria monocytogenes and Shigella flexneri have provided important insight into the events occurring at the leading edges of motile cells. Like the bacteria Listeria and Shigella, vaccinia virus, a relative of the causative agent of smallpox, uses actin-based motility to spread between cells. In contrast to Listeria or Shigella, the actin-based motility of vaccinia is dependent on an unknown phosphotyrosine protein, but the underlying mechanism remains obscure. Here we show that phosphorylation of tyrosine 112 in the viral protein A36R by Src-family kinases is essential for the actin-based motility of vaccinia. Tyrosine phosphorylation of A36R results in a direct interaction with the adaptor protein Nck and the recruitment of the Ena/VASP family member N-WASP to the site of actin assembly. We also show that Nck and N-WASP are essential for the actin-based motility of vaccinia virus. We suggest that vaccinia virus spreads by mimicking the signalling pathways that are normally involved in actin polymerization at the plasma membrane
Western Directors of State Extension Services Conference, New Mexico A & M College. [237-10]
No full text1958-04-01 photograph of Agricultural Extension Service. Conference group photograph. 18 people in the photograph are identified. First Row: J. H. Starr (Wyoming), Charles W. Smith (Oregon), C. M. Ferguson (FES), Shawnee Brown (FES), Jack Claar (FES), Al Triviz (New Mexico), C. A. Svinth (Washington), Dale GOodall (Hawaii), L. S. Kurtz (New Mexico); Back Row: N. E. Beers (Montana), Robert H. Black (New Mexico), Lee Benson (California), Carl Frischknecht (Utah), W. G. Stucky (Nevada), J. E. Morrison (Colorado), George Alcorn (California), C. O. Youngstrom (Idaho), and Howard Baker (Arizona). Donor: University of Idaho Cooperative Extension System. [PG1_237-10
Structural dynamics of troponin I during Ca2+-activation of cardiac thin filaments: a multi-site Förster resonance energy transfer study.
No full textA multi-site, steady-state Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) approach was used to quantify Ca(2+)-induced changes in proximity between donor loci on human cardiac troponin I (cTnI), and acceptor loci on human cardiac tropomyosin (cTm) and F-actin within functional thin filaments. A fluorescent donor probe was introduced to unique and key cysteine residues on the C- and N-termini of cTnI. A FRET acceptor probe was introduced to one of three sites located on the inner or outer domain of F-actin, namely Cys-374 and the phalloidin-binding site on F-actin, and Cys-190 of cTm. Unlike earlier FRET analyses of protein dynamics within the thin filament, this study considered the effects of non-random distribution of dipoles for the donor and acceptor probes. The major conclusion drawn from this study is that Ca(2+) and myosin S1-binding to the thin filament results in movement of the C-terminal domain of cTnI from the outer domain of F-actin towards the inner domain, which is associated with the myosin-binding. A hinge-linkage model is used to best-describe the finding of a Ca(2+)-induced movement of the C-terminus of cTnI with a stationary N-terminus. This dynamic model of the activation of the thin filament is discussed in the context of other structural and biochemical studies on normal and mutant cTnI found in hypertrophic cardiomyopathies
Lahar risk assessment from source identification to potential impact analysis: the case of Vulcano Island, Italy
No full textLahars are rapid flows composed of water and volcaniclastic sediments, which have the potential to impact residential buildings and critical infrastructure as well as to disrupt critical services, especially in the absence of hazard-based land-use planning. Their destructive power is mostly associated with their velocity (related to internal flow properties and topographic interactions) and to their ability to bury buildings and structures (due to deposit thickness). The distance reached by lahars depends on their volume, on sediments/water ratio, as well as on the geometrical properties of the topography where they propagate. Here we present the assessment of risk associated with lahar using Vulcano island (Italy) as a case study. First, we estimated an initial lahar source volume considering the remobilisation by intense rain events of the tephra fallout on the slopes of the La Fossa cone (the active system on the island), where the tephra fallout is associated with the most likely scenario (e.g. long-lasting Vulcanian cycle). Second, we modelled and identified the potential syn-eruptive lahar impact areas on the northern sector of Vulcano, where residential and touristic facilities are located. We tested a range of parameters (e.g., entrainment capability, consolidation of tephra fallout deposit, friction angle) that can influence lahar propagation output both in terms of intensity of the event and extent of the inundation area. Finally, exposure and vulnerability surveys were carried out in order to compile exposure and risk maps for lahar-flow front velocity (semi-quantitative indicator-based risk assessment) and final lahar-deposit thickness (qualitative exposure-based risk assessment). Main outcomes show that the syn-eruptive lahar scenario with medium entrainment capability produces the highest impact associated with building burial by the final lahar deposit. Nonetheless, the syn-eruptive lahar scenario with low entrainment capacity is associated with higher runout and results in the highest impact associated with lahar-flow velocities. Based on our simulations, two critical infrastructures (telecommunication and power plant), as well as the main road crossing the island are exposed to potential lahar impacts (either due to lahar-flow velocity or lahar-deposit thickness or both). These results show that a risk-based spatial planning of the island could represent a valuable strategy to reduce the volcanic risk in the long term
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