1,720,960 research outputs found
Cholinergic, nitrergic and peptidergic (Substance P- and CGRP-utilizing) innervation of the horse intestine. A histochemical and immunohistochemical study
Full text linkThe small and large intestine of adult horses were histochemically and immunohistochemically investigated in order to evidence components of the intramural nervous system. The general structural organization of the intramural nervous system was examined by using Nissl-thionin staining as well as the anti-neurofilament 200 (NF200) immunoreaction, which demonstrated the presence of neurons in the submucous as well as myenteric plexuses. The additional presence of subserosal ganglia was shown in the large intestine. Acetylcholinesterase (AChEase) activity was observed in both the submucous and myenteric plexuses. Localization of acetylcholine-utilizing neurons was also evidenced by immunohistochemical reactions for choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) and vesicular acetylcholine transporter (VAChT). With both histochemistry and immunohistochemistry possible cholinergic nerve fibres were detected in the inner musculature. The two possible cholinergic co-mediators Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide (CGRP) and Substance P (SP) have been investigated by an immunohistochemical approach. CGRP immunoreactivity was detected in roundish nerve cell bodies as well as in nerve fibres of the submucous plexus, whereas SP immunoreactivity was evidenced in nerve fibres of the tunica mucosa, in nerve cell bodies and fibres of the submucous plexus and in nerve fibres of the myenteric plexus. NADPH-diaphorase reactivity, which is linked to the synthesis and release of nitric oxide, was detected in nerve cell bodies and nerve fibres of both the submucous and myenteric plexuses as well as in a subserosal localization of the large intestine. The nitrergic components were confirmed by the anti-NOS (nitric oxide synthase) immunoreaction. Results are compared with those of other mammals and related to the complex intestinal horse physiology and pathophysiology
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Istiocitosi maligna meningoencefalica in un cane pastore del bernese: quadri TC ed anatomopatologico
No full textVengono illustrati per la prima volta i reperti TC di istiocitosi maligna intracranica in un cane Pastore Bernese. I quadri rilevati in
TC sono confrontati con i corrispondenti aspetti anatomopatologici e la diagnosi è confermata dall’esame istopatologico
PARATOPIE DISCALI IN DICIANNOVE CANI: RISONANZA MAGNETICA (RM) E ISTOPATOLOGIA
No full textLe paratopie discali (intervertebral disk disease – IVDD) rappresentano nel cane una frequente patologia,
accompagnata da dolore spinale, deficit motori, sensoriali e viscerali, che si verifica quando il disco
degenerato danneggia le strutture neurali. Lo studio è stato condotto su 19 casi di IVDD non traumatici e
mielopatici campionati nel 2007-2008 e casi di controllo privi di patologie discali. In tutti i discopatici è
stato effettuato un esame di RM tramite scansioni secondo i tre piani fondamentali del rachide, T1- T2
dipendenti, dello spessore di 3 mm, cui è seguito l’intervento chirurgico durante il quale, mediante miniemilaminectomia
o peduncolectomia, sono stati asportati dei frammenti discali, poi processati per l’istologia
e colorati con EE, Alcian e secondo la metodica di Gruber. La casistica è composta da 9 femmine e 10
maschi, con età media di 8 anni: 6 Bassotti, 2 Pastore Tedesco, 1 Rottweiler, 1 Dalmata, 1 Bassetthound, 1
Beagle, 1 Bracco Italiano e 6 meticci. La RM ha diagnosticato 16 prolassi e 3 protrusioni, con segni di
esordio acuto in 11 casi, con simile coinvolgimento dei diversi tratti vertebrali. Tutti i cani hanno mostrato
recupero funzionale post-chirurgico. L’esame istologico dei frammenti discali ha evidenziato in 11 casi
tessuto riferibile sia ad anello fibroso che a nucleo polposo, in 4 solo anello fibroso, in 2 solo nucleo
polposo, in 2 il materiale era insufficiente. La componente cellulare condrocitica ha mostrato segni di
degenerazione, di grado moderato-grave, riferibili a ipoplasia, apoptosi e megalocitosi; in 12 casi erano
presenti aree di necrosi e in un caso si sono osservati segni di flogosi cronica. In 9 casi il materiale discale
era costituito da una componente calcificata. Infine, le fibre dell’anello fibroso presentavano gradi variabili
di disorganizzazione. Il test di Fisher non ha evidenziato correlazioni significative tra diagnosi RM (prolasso
o protrusione) e componenti erniate (anello fibroso o nucleo polposo) o presenza di necrosi
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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