1,720,963 research outputs found
Complementarietà e sostituzione tra diverse politiche di sviluppo locale: i contratti di programma e la legge 488/92
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Complementarity and substitution among industrial incentive schemes - measures targeted to SME versus measures targeted to large projects
Full text linkIn Europe several countries adopt different incentives to increase regional development. Some subsidies are targeted to small and medium enterprises, others to large enterprises. Even if the subsidies are targeted to specific industrial aspects, there is a substantial degree of territorial overlapping among them. Usually, every grant scheme operates in isolation, and the evaluation of the different measures does not take into account the presence of complementarity or substitution among them. On the other side, the presence of the SME and large firms in the same area can increase positive externalities and therefore it could be a reason to integrate different grant schemes. The aim of the study is to explore the impact of SME and large project grant scheme in two cases: in areas where financial assistance has been taken up by SME and large firms, and in area where only SME are subsidized. The analysis is based on the two more important measures for local development in Italy: incentives by law 488/92, mainly devoted to SME, and contratti di programma, created for large project. Using data for 784 local labour systems, we estimated the employment effect of subsidies. We control for the presence of spontaneous local growth patterns and for spatial spillovers, using the appropriate spatial models. The preliminary results show that incentives for SME have higher impacts in area where a project financed by contratti di programma is located. This suggests the presence of a relevant level of empirical complementarity between the two incentive measures
Agglomeration effects in the labour market: an empirical analysis for Italy
No full textExtensive and persistent geographic variability of the unemployment rate within the same region has been attributed to various causes. Some theories identify the “thickness” of markets as the source of positive externalities affecting labour market by improving the ability to match the skills requested by firms with those offered by workers. A recent paper by Gan and Zhang (2006) empirically confirms this hypothesis for the US labour markets. Agglomeration can be defined as aggregation of people, basically measured by city size, or as aggregation of firms, measured by cluster size (employment or number of plants). However, the population location and the industrial location are by far more similar in United States than in Europe and in Italy. Our paper aims to evaluate the effects of agglomeration on the local unemployment rate. The new methodological contribution of the study is the identification of both urban and industrial cluster agglomeration effects, using a wide set of control variables. Adjusting the system for the effects of sectorial and size shocks, as well as those relating to geographic structure and policy interventions, the results of our analysis differ from that for the United States. The study stresses the presence of negative and significant urbanisation externalities. We obtain, instead, positive effects concerning the geographic agglomeration of firms, and their thickness, in a specific area. Furthermore, positive and significant effects can be found in local systems with features of a district. Finally, the model distinguishes the negative effects of urban agglomerations (in terms of population density) from positive firm’s agglomerations (in terms of density of local units)
The economic effects of Covid-19 in Italian regions. Evidence, expectations, policies
Full text linkThe effects of COVID-19 on the Italian economy were uneven across regions, with a slightly more severe impact in the North and a slower recovery in the South. The main determinants of the observed differences are investigated, focusing on regional struc-tural factors such as sectoral composition, propensity to remote working, availability of human capital and technology, international openness, participation in global value chains. The analysis on short-term resilience in 2020 is complemented by a discussion on perspectives of growth for the 2021-2024 period, highlighting the elements of weakness of the Southern economy and the role possibly played by public policies
Introduction to the regional challenges in the post-covid era
No full textThe XLII AISRe Conference, held online between 8 and 10 September 2021, called the Italian community of regional and urban scientists to debate on the long-term consequences, issues and challenges imposed by the coronavirus global emergency. These challenges concern the asymmetric consequences of the public health emergency across places and within societies. In fact, in a world already characterized by increasing social inequalities, the pandemic is likely to exacerbate the rise of disparities. Limited mobility, the restricted access to public services such as schools and hospitals, and the higher uncertainty generated by the healthcare emergency hit more severely those individuals in a condition of relative economic, occupational, and educational disadvantage. The territorial implications of these phenomena are extremely relevant, and still understudied. They mainly concern two dimensions: the first one refers to the differentiated impact of the pandemic on the inequalities across places; the second one concerns the differentiated impact of the pandemic on the inequalities within places. The effect of the Covid pandemic on inequalities cumulates with the one of other deep socioeconomic transformations, as those induced in the production sector and job market by the rise of the Industry 4.0 paradigm. In such framework, the role of public policies becomes fundamental, in order to mitigate the undesired effects of these phenomena and to amplify the positive ones. The present book collects a selection of the many interesting studies, presented during the XLII AISRe Conference, that were devoted to the abovementioned issues. More in details, the book is structured into three parts. The first section supplies fresh evidence on the levels and trends of socioeconomic disparities across and within regions. The second section investigates the determinants of these trends, pointing in particular to the role of the unprecedented transformations occurring in the economic structure and job markets of regions and cities. Finally, the third section of the book focuses on the policy tools to face the challenges emerged in the previous discussion
Gli interventi del Pnrr nelle città italiane
No full textPur riconoscendo che il Pnrr può rappresentare un’occasione im- portante di trasformazione del paese e dei suoi territori, Gianfranco Viesti, Carmela Chiapperini ed Emanuela Montenegro non nascondo- no le critiche a una sua elaborazione avvenuta senza un reale confronto con le forze economico-sociali e le diverse realtà territoriali. Da tale impostazione deriva secondo gli autori la sua organizzazione lungo li- nee di interventi rigidamente settoriali. Nelle misure del Piano non emergono infatti criteri allocativi legati alle differenti dotazioni di beni e servizi pubblici nelle diverse realtà del paese, sicché le città conosce- ranno i progetti previsti nel loro territorio solo al termine del processo di allocazione territoriale. Il pregevole contributo che gli autori forni-
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Giancarlo Corò, Marusca De Castris e Domenico Scalera
scono è una meticolosa ricostruzione delle misure di rilevante impatto per le città italiane, esaminandone in particolare 11, che destinano ri- sorse per oltre 20 miliardi di euro. Le misure considerate riguardano interventi di rigenerazione urbana, su reti e mezzi per il trasporto pub- blico, sui porti, sugli edifici giudiziari e di edilizia residenziale pubbli- ca. Nel testo vengono presentate le loro caratteristiche, i possibili be- neficiari e i criteri per la ripartizione delle risorse. Inoltre, sulla base di una originale banca-dati, gli autori presentano le principali evidenze relative agli interventi previsti nelle città capoluogo e nelle città metro- politane italiane
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
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