3,073 research outputs found
Is photovoltaic power a cost-effective energy solution for rural peoples in western Sudan?
No full textSudan like most poor countries suffers from a deficiency in the supply of electrical power, especially for rural areas. Less than 10% of the total population, can benefit from the national grid connection. The paper evaluates the economic, environmental and social issues associated with electrification in western Sudan for rural and nomadic peoples, by assessing three different systems for off-grid electricity supply; stand alone systems powered by diesel generator (gen-set), photovoltaic cells, and a larger distributed generator system (mini-grid). The study indicates that, although photovoltaic might be the best source of electricity from an environmental and social view, unfortunately it currently cannot compete economically. The research identified that Sudanese customs and tax policy adds a significant cost to PV, making diesel generators the best power choice for rural and nomadic regions in Sudan. Other important factors include fuel supply problems and availability of spare parts for generators
PENARIKAN HARTA WAKAF MENURUT PENDAPAT EMPAT MADZHAB DAN UNDANG-UNDANG NOMOR 41 TAHUN 2004 TENTANG WAKAF Naelul azmi, 1752144022
No full textABSTRAK
Tesis dengan judul “Penarikan Harta Wakaf Menurut Pendapat Empat Madzhab dan Undang-undang Nomor 41 Tahun 2004 Tentang Wakaf” ini ditulis oleh Naelul Azmi dengan dibimbing oleh Dr. H. M. Saifudin Zuhri M.Ag. dan Dr. H. Ahmad Muhtadi Anshor, M.Ag.
Kata Kunci: Penarikan, Harta Wakaf, Pendapat Empat Madzhab, Undang-undang Nomor 41 tahun 2004.
Penelitian dalam tesis ini dilatarbelakangi oleh Bahwa wakaf di Indonesia merupakan persoalan klasik yang sampai saat ini belum tuntas dan belum selesai seratus persen, walaupun perangkat peraturan perundangannya telah cukup banyak dan menjanjikan. Kasus-kasus menguapnya sejumlah harta wakaf di berbagai daerah di hampir seluruh Indonesia khususnya kasus penarikan kembali harta wakaf, membuktikan bahwa di sana masih banyak masalah yang harus segera dipecahkan.
Focus masalah dalam tesis ini diantaranya adalah, 1. Bagaimana pendapat empat Madzhab tentang hukum penarikan harta wakaf? 2. Bagaimana penjelasan Undang-undang Nomor 41 Tahun 2004 tentang wakaf dalam hal penarikan harta wakaf? 3. Bagaimana komparasi penarikan harta wakaf menurut empat madzhab dan Undang-undang Nomor 41 Tahun 2004 tentang wakaf?
Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah library research yang berarti suatu research kepustakaan atau penelitian kepustakaan murni. diantara data primernya adalah : Al Musnad al-Imam ibn Hanbal, al-Umm, al-Muatha’, fiqh al-Akbar, dan Undang-undang nomor 41 tahun 2004 tentang wakaf. Sedangkan data skundernya adalah literatur lainnya yang relevan dengan judul tesis ini. Pendekatan penelitiannya adalah metode deskriptif analisis.
Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa (1) Dalam penarikan harta wakaf ada sedikit perbedaan diantara pendapat empat Madzhab diantaranya: (a) Pendapat Imam Hanafi tidak diperbolehkan bagi wakif untuk menarik harta wakaf. (b) Pendapat Imam Maliki, kepemilikan menurut adzhab Maliki masih berada di tangan si pemberi. karena mengandung maksud bahwa orang yang diberi wakaf ibarat seorang hamba yang melayani tuannya hingga meniggal. Sehingga harta wakaf yang telah diberikan kepada penerima wakaf bias ditarik kembali oleh wakif. (c) Pendapat madzhab Syafi’I, menurut madzhab Syafi’I bahwa harta yang di wakafkan terlepas dari si wakif dan menjadi milik Allah, Akibatnya adalah bahwa benda yang telah diwakafkan tidak boleh ditarik kembali. (d) Pendapat madzhab Hambali, kepemilikan Harta Wakaf menurut pendapat Imam Ahmad Bin Hambal bahwa kepemilikan harta wakaf berpindah kepada orang yang diwakafi.
Sehingga wakif tidak bias menarik harta yang telah diwakafkannya. (2) Undang – undang no 41 tahun 2004 tidak mengantur secara detail (jelas) tentang penarikan kembali harta benda yang sudah diwakafkan. Undang – Undang no 41 Tahun 2004 disebutkan, harta benda yang sudah diwakafkan dilarang: Dijadikan jaminan, disita, dihibahkan, dijual, diwariskan, ditukar, dan dialihkan dalam bentuk pengalihan.(3) pembahasan terkait penarikan harta wakaf ada perbedaan di masing-masing madzhab, imam hanafi yang membolehkan penarikan harta wakaf, imam malik yang boleh ditarik harta wakafnya ketika sudah habis jangka waktunya, imam syafi’i dan hambali yang sama sekali tidak boleh, karena kehati-hatian imam syafi’i dalam memutuskan ijtihadnya. sedangkan dalam undang-undang Nomor 41 tahun 2004 tidak disebutkan secara jelas terkait pelarangan penarikan harta wakaf. Oleh karena itu menurut penulis hendaknya dibuat Peraturan Pemerintah atau mengamandemen Undang-undang nomor 41 tahun 2004
ABSTRACT
Thesis titled "Withdrawal of Assets Endowments According Opinions of four schools and Law No. 41 of 2004 on Wakaf" was written by Naelul Azmi guided by Dr. H. M. Saifuddin Zuhri M.Ag. and Dr. H. Ahmad Muhtadi Anshor, M.Ag.
Keywords: Withdrawal, Treasure Endowments, Opinion of Four Schools, Law No. 41 of 2004.
The research in this thesis is motivated by that endowment in Indonesia is a classic issue that until now and it has one hundred percents not completed yet, although the regulation of its laws has been quite a lot and promised. Cases of evaporation of a Treasure Endowments in various areas in almost all of Indonesia, especially the case of the withdrawal of Treasure Endowments, proving that there are still many problems that must be solved.
Focus problem in this thesis include: 1. What is the opinion about withdrawal of four wakaf property by four schools? 2. What is the explanation of Law No. 41 of 2004 on wakaf in the withdrawal of wakaf property? 3. How comparative withdrawal Treasure Endowments according to the four schools and Law No. 41 of 2004 on Wakaf?
The method which used in this study is a research library which means a research literature or pure literature research. The primary datas of this research are: Al Musnad al-Imam ibn Hanbal, al-Umm al-Muatha ', Fiqh al-Akbar, and Law No. 41 of 2004 on wakaf. The sekunder datas are other literature relevant to the title of this thesis. The Research approach that used is descriptive analysis method.
The results showed that (1) In the withdrawal of wakaf property there is little difference among the four schools: (a) Opinion of Imam Hanafi is not permissible for wakif to attract wakaf property. (b) Opinion of Imam Maliki, according school of Maliki the ownership of wakaf property is still in the hands of the giver. because they mean that people who were given endowments like a slave who serves his master to die. So that the wakaf property had been given to the recipient endowments can withdrawn by wakif. (c) Opinion Shafi'i schools, according to the Shafi'i schools that treasure which be endowments is regardless of the wakif and belong to God, The result is that the object has been endowment should not be withdrawn. (d) Opinion schools Hambali, Treasure ownership of endowments in the opinion of Imam Ahmad Bin Hanbal that endowment property ownership is transferred to the person who receive the endowments. Wakif can not withdrawn the property that used be the endowments. (2) The laws No. 41 of 2004 does not manage obviously about withdrawal of property that has been being
the wakaf. The laws No. 41 of 2004 mentioned that property which is already be the wakaf is prohibited: Used as collateral, seized, assigned, sold, inherited, exchanged and transferred in the form of diversion. (3) The discussion about the withdrawal of wakaf property, there were differences in each schools, Imam Hanafi allowed withdrawal of wakaf property, Imam Malik allowed withdrawal wakaf property when it expired, Syafi'i and Hanbali that absolutely should not be, because of Imam Syafi’i’s prudence on establishing his interpretations. whereas in the law No. 41 of 2004 is not explicitly to mention the prohibition of withdrawal of wakaf property. Therefore, according to the author should be made the government regulation or amend Law No. 41 of 2004 on wakaf.
الملخص
الرسالة تحت الموضوع " أخذ مال الوقف عند المذاهب الأربعة وعند
الدستور الحكمي رقم ٤١ سنة ٢٠٠٤ عن الوقف " الباحث : نيل العزم المرشد :
د. الحاج محمد سيف الدين الزهري المرشد : د. الحاج أحمد مهتدي أنصاري.
الكلمات المهمات : الاخذ ، مال الوقف ، رأي المذاهب الأربعة ، دستور
حكمي رقم ٤١ سنة ٢٠٠٤
هذا البحث يأخذ من أن هناك مسألة قديمية في اندونيسيا عن الوقف التي
لم تحل حلها حتى الآن ولو كان هناك دستورا كثيرا يتكلم عنها. مسائل الوقف
التي تتوقع في أي مكان في اندونيسيا و خصوصا المسئلة عن أخذ مال
الوقف.هذه الرسالة تبحث عن : ١. ما آراء المذاهب الأربعة عن حكم أخذ مال
الوقف ؟ ٢. ما بيان دستور حكمي رقم ٤١ سنة ٢٠٠٤ عن أخذ مال الوقف ؟ ٣ .
ما مبادلة حكم مال أخذمال الوقف بين أراء المذاهب الأربعة و دستور حكمي رقم
٤١ سنة ٢٠٠٤ عن الوقف ؟
المنهج العلمي في هذا البحث المنهج المكتبي يعني المنهج بالكتب
الخالصة. منها كتاب المسند للإمام ابن حنبل والأم و كتاب الموطاء و الفقه الأكبر
و الدستور الحكمي رقم ٤١ سنة ٢٠٠٤ عن الوقف و غيرها من الكتب التي تتكلم
عن الوقف.
يحصل من هذا البحث بعض النتائج : ١ . اختلاف آراء المذاهب الأربعة
عن أخذ مال الوقف أ. عند الحنفية لا يجوز للواقف ان يطلب أخذ مال الوقف.
ب. عند المالكية يجوز للواقف ان يطلب أخذ مال الوقف لأن التمليك في مال
الوقف في يد المعطي و لأن من الذي يعطى مال الوقف كالعبد يخدم سيده حتى
مات. ج. عند الشافعية لا يجوز للواقف ان يطلب أخذ مال الوقف لأن المال
الموقوف ليس ملكا للواقف ولكن لله. د. عند الحنابلة لا يجوز للواقف ان يطلب
أخذ مال الوقف لأن التملك في مال الوقف ينقل من الواقف إلي من وقف. ٢. لا
يشرح الدستور الحكمي رقم ٤١ سنة ٢٠٠٤ عن أخذ مال الوقف.و فيه يبين أن
المال الموقوف ممنوع تصرفاته في الرهن والهبة والبيع والارث والمبادلة
وغيرها. ٣ . المبادلة بين آراء المذاهب الأربعة و الدستور الحكمي أن المذاهب
الأربعة إلا المالكية يمنعون عن أخذ مال الوقف ومع أن الدستور الحكمي لا
يشرح عنه قط.ومن هذه المبادلة ينبغي للحكومة عند الباحث ان يضع دستورا
جديدا أو يغير الدستور الحكمي رقم ٤١ سنة ٢٠٠٤ عن الوقف
Transgenerational effects and phenotypic plasticity in sperm and larvae of the sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus under ocean acidification.
No full textIn marine organisms, differing degree of sensitivity to ocean acidification (OA) is expected for each life stage, and disturbance at one stage can carry over into the following stage or following generation. In this study we investigated phenotypic changes of sperm and larvae of the sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus in response to different pH conditions (8.0, 7.7, 7.4) experienced by the parents during gametogenesis. In sperm from two months exposed males, sperm motility, velocity, ATP content, ATP consumption and respiration rate were evaluated at three pH values of the activating medium (8.0, 7.7 and 7.4). Moreover, larvae from each parental group were reared at pH 8.0 and 7.7 for 20 days and larval mortality and growth were then assessed. Sperm motility and respiration rate were not affected either by exposure of males to low pH or by the post-activation
pH. Sperm velocity did not differ among post-activation pH values in all sperm groups, but it decreased slower in sperm developed under acidified conditions, suggesting the presence of positive carryover effect on sperm longevity. This positive carryover effect of exposure of males to low pH values was highlighted also for the sperm ATP content, which was higher in these groups of sperm. ATP consumption rate was affected by post-activation pH with higher values at pH 8.0 in sperm from males maintained at control condition and pH 7.7 while the energy consumption appeared to be differently modulated at different experimental conditions. A negative carryover effect of OA was observed on survival of larvae from parents acclimated at pH 7.4 and additive negative effects of both parental and larval exposure to low pH can be suggested. In all groups of larvae, decreased somatic growth was observed at low rearing pH, thus larvae from parents maintained at low pH did not show an increased capability to cope with OA
Real-time and intelligent flood forecasting using UAV-assisted wireless sensor network
No full textThe Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) is a promising technology that could be used to monitor rivers' water levels for early warning flood detection in the 5G context. However, during a flood, sensor nodes may be washed up or become faulty, which seriously affects network connectivity. To address this issue, Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) could be integrated with WSN as routers or data mules to provide reliable data collection and flood prediction. In light of this, we propose a fault-tolerant multi-level framework comprised of a WSN and a UAV to monitor river levels. The framework is capable to provide seamless data collection by handling the disconnections caused by the failed nodes during a flood. Besides, an algorithm hybridized with Group Method Data Handling (GMDH) and Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) is proposed to predict forthcoming floods in an intelligent collaborative environment. The proposed water-level prediction model is trained based on the real dataset obtained from the Selangor River in Malaysia. The performance of the work in comparison with other models has been also evaluated and numerical results based on different metrics such as coefficient of determination (R2), correlation coefficient (R), Root Mean Square Error (RMSE), Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE), and BIAS are provided
Time series modelling and forecasting of Sarawak black pepper price
No full textPepper is an important agriculture commodity especially for the state of Sarawak. It is important to forecast its price, as this could help the policy makers in coming up with production and marketing plan to improve the Sarawak’s economy as well as the farmers’welfare. In this paper, we take up time series modelling and forecasting of the Sarawak black pepper price. Our empirical results show that Autoregressive Moving Average (ARMA) time series models fit the price series well and they have correctly predicted the future trend of the price series within the sample period of study. Amongst a group of 25 fitted models, ARMA (1, 0) model is selected based on post-sample forecast criteria.Time series; pepper (Piper nigrum L.); Autoregressive Moving Average model; forecasting; forecast accuracy
The chern - connes character formula for families of Dirac Operators
No full textDept. of Mathematics
College of Science and Medical studies at Malaz
King Saud University, P.O. Box 22452
Riyadh 11495, Saudi Arabia.
e-mail: [email protected] bivariant Chern - Connes character is used, by incorporating the JLO formula
and Bismut's superconnection formalism, to compute the local cyclic cycle formula
for families of Dirac operator D acting on a fibre bundle M over B. The fundamental
techniques used are, the rescaling of Bismut's superconnection and the canonical
order calculus
Measurement of D-0, D+, D+* and D-s(+) production in pp collisions at root s=5.02 TeV with ALICE
No full textThe measurements of the production of prompt D0 , D+ , D∗+ , and D+s mesons in proton–proton (pp) col- lisions at √s = 5.02 TeV with the ALICE detector at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) are reported. D mesons were reconstructed at mid-rapidity (|y| < 0.5) via their hadronic decay channels D0 → K−π+, D+ → K−π+π+, D∗+ → D0π+ → K−π+π+, D+s → φπ+ → K+K−π+, and their charge conjugates. The production cross sections were measured in the transverse momentum interval 0 < pT < 36GeV/cforD0,1 < pT < 36GeV/cforD+ and D∗+, and in 2 < pT < 24 GeV/c for D+s mesons. Thanks to the higher integrated luminosity, an analysis in finer pT bins with respect to the previous measurements at √s = 7 TeV was performed, allowing for a more detailed description of the cross-section pT shape. The measured pT- differential production cross sections are compared to the results at √s = 7 TeV and to four different perturbative QCD calculations. Its rapidity dependence is also tested combin- ing the ALICE and LHCb measurements in pp collisions at √s = 5.02 TeV. This measurement will allow for a more accurate determination of the nuclear modification factor in p–Pb and Pb–Pb collisions performed at the same nucleon– nucleon centre-of-mass energy
Domates ve ananas -galaktosidazlarının bazı özellikleri
No full text-Galaktosidaz, -D-galaktozil grubları içeren basit ve kompleks oligo ve polisakkaritlerdeki -D-galaktosidik bağların parçalanmasını katalizler. -D-galaktozil grupları genellikle D-glukoz, D-galaktoz ve sükroz birimlerine bağlıdır ve bitki aleminde yaygın olarak bulunurlar. Bu çalışmada, domates ve ananas -galaktosidazlarının bazı özellikleri çalışıldı. Optimum pH ve sıcaklık değerleri her iki bitki için pH 5.5 ve 45 °C olarak bulundu. Enzim domates için 2.1 x M ve ananas için 2.2 x M değerleri ile tipik bir Michaelis Menten kinetiği gösterdi. Aynı zamanda bazı inhibitörlerin neden olduğu enzim inhibisyonuda araştırıldı. Domates ve ananasın aminoasit bileşimleride verildi.-Galactosidase catalyses the distruption of the -D-galactosidic bond of both simple and complex oligo- and poly saccharides containing -D-galactosyl groups. These groups are usually linked to D-glucose, D-galactose and sucrose and are widely distributed in the plant kingdom. In this work, some properties of -D-galactosidases from tomato and pineapple were studied. The optimum pH and temperature were found as pH : 5.5 and 45°C, respectively for both plants. This enzyme was followed typical Michaelis-Menten kinetics a of 2.1x M for tomato and a of 2.2x M for pineapple. The inhibition of the enzyme caused by some inhibitors was also investigated. Aminoacid composition of tomato and pineapple was also presented
Preliminary assessment of the effect of waterseeding technique and herbicide application on weedy rice tillers
No full textMetsulfuron methyl has been recommended to control weedy rice under wetseeded conditions (Zainal and Azmi, unpubl. data, 1994). Another weed control method involves broadcasting pregerminated seeds using the water-seeding
technique. This study was undertaken to evaluate the effect of seeding methods and herbicide application on weedy rice tillers 45 d after sowing (DAS). A factorial experiment was carried out in a glasshouse at Putra University
Malaysia. Treatment 1 (T1) was the wet-seeding method—broadcasting seed on saturated soil and introducing water up to 10-cm flooding depth 7 d after seeding with (H1) and without herbicide (H0). Treatment 2 (T2) was water
seeding—continuous flooding at 10-cm depth from seeding to date of data collection with H1 and H0. All treatments were replicated five times and arranged in a factorial randomized complete block design. Both weedy rice seeds
and pregerminated MR219 seeds were sown on the soil surface (Tropic Fluvaquent) into 25.5-cm-diameter × 40-cm-high experimental containers using the MARDI-recommended seed rate (500 seeds m–2) (MARDI 2004) to achieve
uniform establishment. Herbicide (metsulfuron methyl 1.75% combined with bensulfuron methyl 8.25%) was applied 14 DAS at 0.05 kg ai ha–1. Water was brought in 7 DAS for treatments with herbicide (T1) to facilitate herbicide
application. The effects of water seeding and herbicide application on tillering ability of weedy rice (45 DAS) were analyzed using ANOVA. The means of these treatments were compared using Duncan’s new multiple range test.
Only the seeding method was significantly different at P ≤0.05. There were no significant effects or interactions for the other sources of variation tested (see table). Weedy rice tillers decreased in both seeding methods (see figure)
Strepsichordaia lendenfeldi BERGQUIST ET AL. 1988
No full text<i>STREPSICHORDAIA LENDENFELDI</i> BERGQUIST <i>ET AL.</i>, 1988 <p>(FIGS 9G, H, 10A–D, 11A–G)</p> <p> <i>Material examined</i></p> <p>Fifteen specimens, including holotype, paratype, ethanol-preserved specimens, slides, DNA and photographs (see Supporting Information, Material S 1 for the detailed metadata). Holotype AM Z5026, Davies Reef, Great Barrier Reef (18°49.024’S, 147°37.939’E), 15–20 m. Paratype AM Z5027, Davies Reef (18°49.024’S, 147°37.939’E), 15–20 m.</p>Published as part of <i>Wahab, Muhammad Azmi Abdul, Wilson, Nerida G., Prada, Diana, Gomez, Oliver & Fromont, Jane, 2021, Molecular and morphological assessment of tropical sponges in the subfamily Phyllospongiinae, with the descriptions of two new species, pp. 319-355 in Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 193</i> on page 34
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