249 research outputs found
The optimal duration and delay of first aid treatment for deep partial thickness burn injuries
No full textUsing our porcine model of deep dermal partial thickness burn injury, various durations (10min, 20min, 30min or 1h) and delays (immediate, 10min, 1h, 3h) of 15 degrees C running water first aid were applied to burns and compared to untreated controls. The subdermal temperatures were monitored during the treatment and wounds observed weekly for 6 weeks, for re-epithelialisation, wound surface area and cosmetic appearance. At 6 weeks after the burn, tissue biopsies were taken of the scar for histological analysis. Results showed that immediate application of cold running water for 20min duration is associated with an improvement in re-epithelialisation over the first 2 weeks post-burn and decreased scar tissue at 6 weeks. First aid application of cold water for as little as 10min duration or up to 1h delay still provides benefit.Leila Cuttle, Margit Kempf, Pei-Yun Liu, Olena Kravchuk, Roy M. Kimbl
Cuttle-fish oil and mackerel oil
No full text1953-09-15Cuttle-fish oil is obtained as a byproduct of the manufacture of dried cuttle-fish, for which the species Ommastrephes sloani pacificus Steenstrup is chiefly used. This oil is prepared from cuttle-fish viscera by rendering, but the resulting oil is derived mainly from livers. Production of this oil has so rapidly increased after the war with Hokkaido as the production center that this oil has recently replaced sardine and herring oils which were formerly the most important fish oils in Japan. Mackerel oil is prepared either from the offals or sometimes from the whole body of mackerel, Scomber japonicus Houttuyn. Production of this oil has also greatly increased after the war chiefly in Hokkaido. Cuttle-fish oil and mackerel oil were formerly studied by Tsujimoto and his co-workers, but literatures relating to the characteristics of these oils are very scanty up to the present. The cuttle-fish oil examined by Tsujimoto showed d4^15 0.9316, nD^20 1.4806, A.V. 3.9, S.V. 189.6 I.V. 177.0, Unsap. matter 1.14%, and polybromides of fatty acids 57.45% with Br content 70.91%. Unsaponifiable matter of another sample examined by the same author contained 48% of cholesterol together with cetyl, oleyl, batyl, chimyl, and selachyl alcohols. The oil reported by Tsujimoto and Kimura had d4^15 0.9300, nD^20 1.4833, A.V. 18.2, S.V. 176.9, I.V. (pyridine sulfate dibromide method) 179.5, Unsap. matter 4.20%, solid acids by lead salt alcohol method 22.6% with I.V. 14.1, and highly unsaturated acids by lithium salt acetone method 41.3% with I.V. 372.l. Saturated acids contained palmitic acid, and unsaponifiable matter contained 56% of cholesterol. The oil contained also vitamin A. Kitabayashi, Nakamura, and Shuto have recently reported 3 samples of cuttle-fish oil having d4^15 0.9365-0.9393, A.V. 10.0-15.8, S.V. 180.5-186.2, I.V. 175.0-182.6, and Unsap. matter 3.5-5.5%. One sample contained 25.4.% of solid acids with I.V. 8.8. Tsujimoto examined also an oil obtained from another kind of cuttle-fish, Watasenia scintillans (Berry). André and Canal reported the properties of European cuttle-fish oil. The mackerel oil reported by Tsujimoto showed d4^15 0.9301, nD^20 1.4811, A.V. 1.7, S.V. 191.6, I.V. 167.4, and brominated fatty acids insoluble in acetic acid 36.18% with Br content 69.38%. Spanish mackerel oils are reported to have S.V. 182.5-204.9 and I.V. 115.3-136.7. Characteristics of mackerel liver oils are recorded as Sp. Gr. 0.928-0.969, Refr. index 1.4810-1.4969, F.F.A. 24.3-36.8%, S.V. 166.8-177.6, I.V. 129.1-158.2, Upsap. matter 5.78-15.63%, vitamin A (U.S.P. units per g) 30,000-200,000, and vitamin D (I.U. per g) 1,400-5,400. The present paper records the more important properties of the cuttle-fish and mackerel oils which were produced in 1951 and examined by the authors.departmental bulletin pape
An audit of first aid treatment of paediatric burns patients and their clinical outcome
No full textThis study describes the first aid used and clinical outcomes of all patients who presented to the Royal Children’s Hospital, Brisbane, Australia in 2005 with an acute burn injury. A retrospective audit was performed with the charts of 459 patients and information concerning burn injury, first-aid treatment, and clinical outcomes was collected. First aid was used on 86.1% of patients, with 8.7% receiving no first aid and unknown treatment in 5.2% of cases. A majority of patients had cold water as first aid (80.2%), however, only 12.1% applied the cold water for the recommended 20 minutes or longer. Recommended first aid (cold water for >=20 minutes) was associated with significantly reduced reepithelialization time for children with contact injuries (P = .011). Superficial depth burns were significantly more likely to be associated with the use of recommended first aid (P = .03). Suboptimal treatment was more common for children younger than 3.5 years (P < .001) and for children with friction burns. This report is one of the few publications to relate first-aid treatment to clinical outcomes. Some positive clinical outcomes were associated with recommended first-aid use; however, wound outcomes were more strongly associated with burn depth and mechanism of injury. There is also a need for more public awareness of recommended first-aid treatment.Leila Cuttle, Olena Kravchuk, Belinda Wallis and Roy M. Kimbl
The efficacy of Aloe vera, tea tree oil and saliva as first aid treatment for partial thickness burn injuries
No full textMany alternative therapies are used as first aid treatment for burns, despite limited evidence supporting their use. In this study, Aloe vera, saliva and a tea tree oil impregnated dressing (Burnaid) were applied as first aid to a porcine deep dermal contact burn, compared to a control of nothing. After burn creation, the treatments were applied for 20 min and the wounds observed at weekly dressing changes for 6 weeks. Results showed that the alternative treatments did significantly decrease subdermal temperature within the skin during the treatment period. However, they did not decrease the microflora or improve re-epithelialisation, scar strength, scar depth or cosmetic appearance of the scar and cannot be recommended for the first aid treatment of partial thickness burns.Leila Cuttle, Margit Kempf, Olena Kravchuk, Narelle George, Pei-Yun Liu, Hong-En Chang, Julie Mill, Xue-Qing Wang and Roy M. Kimbl
Defining the relationship between intracellular protein aggregation, reactive oxygen species and cell death
No full textLaser Doppler imaging in a paediatric burns population
No full textObjectiveLaser Doppler imaging (LDI) was compared to wound outcomes in children's burns, to determine if the technology could be used to predict these outcomes.MethodsForty-eight patients with a total of 85 burns were included in the study. Patient median age was 4 years 10 months and scans were taken 0-186 h post-burn using the fast, low-resolution setting on the Moor LDI2 laser Doppler imager. Wounds were managed by standard practice, without taking into account the scan results. Time until complete re-epithelialisation and whether or not grafting and scar management were required were recorded for each wound. If wounds were treated with Silvazine or Acticoat prior to the scan, this was also recorded.ResultsThe predominant colour of the scan was found to be significantly related to the re-epithelialisation, grafting and scar management outcomes and could be used to predict those outcomes. The prior use of Acticoat did not affect the scan relationship to outcomes, however, the use of Silvazine did complicate the relationship for light blue and green scanned partial thickness wounds. Scans taken within the 24-h window after-burn also appeared to be accurate predictors of wound outcome.ConclusionLaser Doppler imaging is accurate and effective in a paediatric population with a low-resolution fast-scan.Julie Mill, Leila Cuttle, Damien G. Harkin, Olena Kravchuk and Roy M. Kimblehttp://www.elsevier.com/wps/find/journaldescription.cws_home/30394/description#descriptio
Burn healing is dependent on burn site: a quantitative analysis from a porcine burn model
No full textThis retrospective review examines healing in different sites on a porcine burn model; 24 pairs of burns on 18 pigs from other animal trials were selected for analysis. Each pair of burns was located on the either the cranial or the caudal part of the thoracic ribs region, on the same side of the animal. The burns were 40–50 cm2 in size and of uniform deep-dermal partial thickness. Caudal burns healed significantly better than cranial burns, demonstrated by earlier closure of wounds, less scar formation and better cosmesis. To our knowledge, this is the first detailed study reporting that burn healing is affected by location on a porcine burn model. We recommend that similar symmetrical burns should be used for future comparative assessments of burn healing.Xue-Qing Wang, Pei-Yun Liu, Margit Kempf, Leila Cuttle, Allen Hong-En Chang, Michael Wong, Olena Kravchuk, Julie Mill, Roy M. Kimbl
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