1,722,259 research outputs found
Seismic risk assessment using machine learning for the automatic identification of building features
No full textIn nations with a high seismic hazard and a significantly vulnerable built heritage, seismic risk assessment represents a serious challenge. In particular, when seismic risk needs to be analyzed on large scales, vulnerability and exposure evaluations can lead to time-consuming and expensive investigations. In this work, artificial intelligence techniques are leveraged to address this issue. Specifically, Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) are trained to automatically collect data about buildings from satellite imagery and street views. In this work, three CNNs are trained to recognize the following features: building height, material, and construction period, deemed to be the essential parameters for associating a specific seismic vulnerability level to a building. The following step of this study involves the combination of vulnerability and exposure with seismic hazard to evaluate seismic damage and risk. The latter is represented by potential losses in terms of reconstruction costs, number of unusable buildings, and displaced people. Emergency management organizations may find the results of this work useful for setting priority standards for seismic retrofit operations, as well as for allocating rescue resources after an earthquake
Analytical model to predict the out-of-plane response of masonry infill walls
No full textThe use of brick masonry infill walls is a common practice in reinforced concrete (RC) frames. These, classified as non-structural elements and often overlooked in design models, strongly influence the seismic behaviour of RC frames by increasing the overall structural stiffness. In addition, they can lead to significant structural irregularities and be the cause of brittle failure mechanisms, such as soft-floor mechanisms.
This paper aims to present a recently developed analytical model for estimating the lateral out-of-plane (OOP) response of various masonry infill walls. This model implements vertical and horizontal arch mechanisms, including the deformability of the RC frame elements surrounding the panel (i.e., upper beam and columns), the possible presence of external strengthening solutions, and considering different failure mechanisms. The model is calibrated on the results of previous experimental campaigns for thin and thick infill walls, reinforced and unreinforced, also considering previous in-plane damage.
Finally, a parametric analysis based on this model is presented, which is useful for discussing the role of the main vulnerability parameters of infills on their OOP capacity
New Φ method in EN1996 for the verification of second-order effects in load-bearing masonry walls
No full textThe Eurocode 6 (EC6) revision work carried out in recent years within the “CEN/TC 250/SC 6 – Masonry Structure” was an opportunity to reconsider verification methods for unreinforced masonry (URM) walls when subjected to combined vertical and out-of-plane loading and with significant second-order effects. The method proposed in the previous version of EC6 was based on an axial load capacity reduction factor (φm), the values of which were derived from an approximate model, fairly conservative for a wide range of wall stiffnesses. In addition, the previous version of EC6 did not require explicit verification in terms of lateral flexural capacity for URM walls subjected to significant lateral loads (e.g., seismic actions), when it would be appropriate and rational. For the latter verification, which should also take into account second-order effects, a reduction factor similar to φm can be defined for bending capacity reduction (φM). Therefore, this paper aims to show the scientific derivation of the new criteria adopted in the current version of EC6 (EN1996-1-1:2022) for the verification of second-order effects in URM walls. In particular, the numerical procedure for quantifying the φ factors is presented, which has improved the estimates previously available in the literature. Based on these numerical results, prediction models of these φ factors are proposed, which are also used to demonstrate the one-to-one correspondence between φm and φM. Then, validation comparisons are shown between the predicted values of the reduction factors and the relevant experimental and numerical values previously available in the literature. Finally, the calibration of the models proposed in the new version of EC6 is shown for both φm and φM
La narración polifónica del estallido social chileno en el paisaje lingüístico de Santiago = The Polyphonic Narration of the Chilean Social Uprising in the Linguistic Landscape of Santiago
No full textBased on a corpus of 1500 photographs of graffiti, posters, and other written texts, collected
in November 2019 in different central neighbourhoods of Santiago, this paper analyses the
imbrication between space, linguistic practices, and the process of the politicisation of protest.
Firstly, the transgressive semiotics of graffiti (Pennycook, 2009) and its role in the process
of de- and re-territorialisation will be explored; secondly, the analysis will focus on the
phenomenon of discursive polyphony (Bakhtin, 1981; Ducrot, 1986). From this perspective,
the Linguistic Landscape of the Chilean social uprising can be seen as a heteroglossic set of
voices, in connection with the immediate context, with Chile’s past since the Pinochet dictatorship,
and with global, past, and contemporary protest movements.A partir de un corpus de 1500 fotografías de grafitis, carteles y otros textos escritos, recogidas
en noviembre de 2019 en diferentes barrios centrales de Santiago, el presente trabajo analiza
la imbricación entre el espacio, las prácticas lingüísticas y el proceso de politización de
la protesta. En primer lugar, se explorará la semiótica transgresiva de los grafitis (Pennycook,
2009) y su papel en el proceso de des- y re-territoralización; en segundo lugar, el análisis se
centrará en el fenómeno de la polifonía discursiva (Bajtín, 1981; Ducrot, 1986). Desde esta
perspectiva, el PL del estallido social chileno puede verse como conjunto heteroglósico de
voces, en conexión con el contexto inmediato, con el pasado de Chile desde la dictadura de
Pinochet y con los movimientos de protesta globales, pasados y contemporáneos
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Géneros discursivos, diversidad cultural y traducción de textos turísticos
Full text linkStarting from Cronin's study on the relationship between language and translation in tourism, this article explores the different degrees of cultural diversity through some examples of intralinguistic translation, use of foreign words in monolingual texts and interlingual translation between Spanish, English and Italian. In the perspective of accessibility, a dynamic model for the management of cultural diversity in tourism is proposed, based on the communicative needs of the tourist, which can include different modes of translation. In particular, the importance of two preliminary steps is stressed: the analysis of the discursive genre to which the texts belong and the selection of cultural information
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
- …
