1,721,032 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Il rendimento delle attività di investimento
No full textIn questo lavoro vengono presentati i principali metodi di valutazione della performance di un investimento in strumenti finanziari. Il principio base che accomuna tutte le metodologie di seguito presentate si basa sulla valorizzazione e attualizzazione dei flussi provenienti dall’investimento; tuttavia, date le peculiarità che caratterizzano ciascuno strumento finanziario, nel seguito del capitolo verranno presentati separatamente i metodi di valutazione della performance relativi ad un investimento in titoli di debito, in titoli di capitale e in OICR, quali ad esempio i fondi di investimento. Per quanto concerne la valutazione del rendimento dei titoli di debito verranno proposte diverse metodologie mettendo in evidenza le differenze peculiari tra i rendimenti lordi e netti e tra i rendimenti attesi ex-ante e i rendimenti effettivi ex-post. con riferimento ai titoli di capitale verranno invece presentate diverse metodologie di valutazione che si basano sul calcolo del prezzo teorico degli strumenti sulla base di alcune assunzioni relativamente allo sviluppo futuro di grandezze aziendali quali gli utili, i dividendi e i rispettivi tassi di crescita. Viene altresì illustrata la metodologia di valutazione del rendimento nel caso in cui l’oggetto dell’investimento non sia un unico strumento finanziario, ma un portafoglio costituito da una varietà di strumenti che si differenziano tra loro in termini di rendimenti attesi e di livelli di rischio. In questo modo è possibile studiare il contributo della diversificazione ai fini della valutazione del livello di rischio-rendimento delle attività finanziarie. Da ultimo vengono illustrate le principali metodologie di valorizzazione ex-post della performance degli organismi di investimento collettivo del risparmio mediante l’utilizzo di alcuni indicatori particolarmente diffusi
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Partial rotator cuff repair: PASTA lesion repair.
No full textPartial—thickness rotator cuff tear was described by Codmanl as ”rim rents” in i934; and classified by Ellrnai
in i9‘?02 on the basis of arthroscopic findings and of location and depth of the tear. in i99i, 5n·yder2 introducei
his classification based on the size of the defect by its superficial extension. Snyder also coined the acronym PAST:
lesion (partial articular supraspinatus tendon avulsion) as a special form of partial articular side lesion, character
ized by fragmentation of the tendon fibers and that may contain a sizable flap of 2-4 cmt. Recently, lrlabermayer
introduced a new classification for articular side supraspinatus lesions based on the tear extension on sagittal ant
coronal planes.
The approach to the patient with a suspected partial-thickness rotator cuff tear should not differ from that i.
any patient presenting with complaints of shoulder pain or dysfunction. Patients will often report pain and stiffnes
of the affected shoulder. Nocturnal pain and pain exacerbated by overhead activity are common but not specifi
for partial thickness tearing. The physical examination will often elicit a painful arc, positive impingernent signs
and real or apparent weakness with rotator cuff strength testing.
Partial tear natural history is still a motive for discussion. Fukuda et alé have shown, in histologic studies, thc
partial—thickness tears have essentiafly no abiiity to heal themselves overtime. Yamanaka and Matsumoto? fo
- lowed 40 articular-sided tears over 2 years with arthrography and showed 80% tear progression.
Treatment is often initiated with conservative measures that include physical therapy, cuff stretching, nonstercl
dal anti-infiammatory drugs and subacromial iniections2·B‘l3. When conservative treatment fails, partial tears wec
surgically treated. Some authors recommend repair of tears involving 50% or more of the tendon thickness even
it is always difficult to evaluate the depth of the tear.
Ruotolo et allt had determined the average thickness of the rotator cuff footprint to be T4 mm. If the tear wa
> 7 mm it was iudged to be > 50% thickness. On the basis of a multicenter study, using standardized arthroscopi
videos of different rotator cuff tears, Kuhn et allf found high interobserver agreement among experienced surgeon
in distinguishing between full—thickness and partial-thickness tears and high agreement on the side of involvemet
of partial tears, but no agreement when classifying the depth of the partial—thickness tear.
Many treatments were described to approach this pathology: it has been proposed to simply arthroscopicc
debride the lesion relying on the healing properties of the tendon. However, recent studies do not recreate?
excellent results found in initial studies of debridement alone, neither a spontaneous healing of the cuff after o
bridement alone has been demonstratedl2·l6·'2. lt has also been suggested to transform this kind of lesion intc
full thickness tear and then to treat it with the suture anchor techniaue'2#l8‘2P. This surgical option was criticized
Lo and Burl<hart2l because completion of the tear potentially excises normal tissue; and because normal footpr
and length-tension of the cuff may be alterated. These preconceptions were partially contradicted by Yamakad
study 22 that found that over 90% of the macroscopically intact residual tendon tissue of the PASTA lesions shov·
moderate histopathologic degeneration.
Touber ond Reschm hove proposed o tronsosseous orthroscopic repoir thot, otter o relotively short tollow-up,
_ bd potients to sotistqctory results. Recently, treotment ot these lesions hos been done with suture onchor vio o
iunstendon opprocich without hoving to complete the teor2'*'2?. The oim ot this tronstendon technique is to preserve
. {me loterol intoct bursol-side ond to restore the tootprint ot the rototor cutt, thus ovoiding completotion ot the teor
_ {allowed by cult repoir2'·26·2B. Lo ond Burkhortgl did not recommend this technique only in rore coses where ct lorge
cverhonging loterol ocromion moy prevent onchor insertion into the suprospinotus tootprint ot on oppropriote deod
¤¤n's ongle. In these coses the horizontol ongle ot opprooch couses the onchor to slip onto the orticulor surloce.
Good results hove been published describing ull these techniques. However, only one prospective study hos
` [men corried out to evoluote the best treotment option". The Author observed thot cilthough repoir qtter con-
version to o tull-thickness teqr showed less postoperotive morbidity, tendon integrity is ot primory concern otter
spoir. Untortunotely, this study wos performed considering o smoll number ot potients; theretore its reliobility is
'q1estionoble. We corried out o similor prospective rondomized study, but on o higher number ot potients (74) ond
·• pored the clinicol ond subjective ditlerence between tronstendon repoir (Group A) or complete-repc1ir (Group
in two homologous (tor oge ond onogrophic ospects) groups. All the potients were revolucited ot o minimum FU
* · 2 yeors with Constont score (CS) ond Visuol Anologic Scole {VAS). Both groups showed stotisticolly signilicont
rovement in the scores. There were no stotisticolly signiticont ditlerences reloting to the scores ond oge, sex
'- • dominoncy ot the orm. CS improved by ci meon volue ot 25.l 5 (Group Al ond ot 29.02 (Group B); VAS score
- - su eosed ot o meon volue ot 3.48 ond ot 3.67 respectively. The improvement wos higher in both groups tor the
I ond in Group B the improvement in strength wos higher thon in Group A.
A We concluded their repoir ot DPRCT provides good results in terms ot tunction und pqin regordless ot the
I -• ir technique, but the completion ond repoir ot the teor provide better results in strength thon the tronsten-
A ( • repoir opprooch. We connot exploin these results, but believe they could be reloted to the toct thot with the
· -. endinous technique the superticiol loyers ot the suprospinotus ore kept mocroscopicolly intoct olbeit with o
' · ntiolly less tunctionol properly becouse ol on intrinsic degenerotion. Theretore, this technique moy leove less
` it ideel tendon, which theoreticolly increoses possibility ot re-ru pture. To mitigote these problems, Ji et ol3° hove
' . . sed o new orthroscopic tronstendon repoir technique with tenotomized iong heod biceps tendon ougmento-
· for high grqde DPRCT with the gool ot providing increose tendon heoling ond minimize probability ot tciilure
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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