9 research outputs found
Sistem USaha Tani Kakao Berbasis Bioindustri pada Sentra Pengembangan di Kabupaten Luwu Utara Sulawesi Selatan
No full textKakao (Theobroma cacao L.) merupakan salah satu komoditas andalan perkebunan yang berperan cukup penting dalam perekonomian nasional, sebagai penyedia lapangan kerja, sumber pendapatan petani dan devisa negara, dan pengembangan agroindustri. Tulisan ini membahas sistem USAha tani kakao berbasis bioindustri di Kabupaten Luwu, Sulawesi Selatan, sebagai USAha tani ramah lingkungan yang efisien, bernilai tambah, dan berdaya saing tinggi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pengembangan sistem ini melalui integrasi kakao-sapi dapat mendorong peningkatan produktivitas tanaman kakao dan pengembangan sapi melalui pemanfaatan limbah kakao sebagai sumber pakan ternak serta limbah ternak sebagai sumber pupuk organik dan energi. Penerapan model integrasi kakao-sapi dapat meningkatkan pendapatan petani hingga 45,9%. Efisiensi USAha ternak sapi pada pola integrasi kakao-sapi terjadi melalui pemanfaatan kulit kakao dan tanaman pelindung (leguminosa) sebagai bahan pakan yang menghemat tenaga kerja dalam penyediaan pakan hingga 50%. Efisiensi pengelolaan kebun kakao terjadi melalui penghematan biaya penggunaan pupuk kandang yang mencapai 40%. Hasil analisis finansial menunjukkan bahwa USAha tani integrasi kakao-sapi jauh lebih menguntungkan dibandingkan dengan nonintegrasi. Pola integrasi mampu memberikan keuntungan Rp13,03 juta/ha/2 ekor/tahun, sedangkan keuntungan pada pola nonintegrasi hanya Rp7,84 juta/ha/tahun. Pola integrasi memberikan nilai tambah Rp5,1 juta atau 66% dengan incremental benefit cost ratio (IBCR) 1,08. Sistem ini berpotensi untuk diimplementasikan di berbagai wilayah pengembangan kakao di Indonesia, sekaligus untuk mendukung program peningkatan populasi sapi
ANALISIS EFISIENSI PENGGUNAAN PUPUK NITROGEN PADA PADI SAWAH DI TANAH INCEPTISOLS
No full textNutrient management strategies effectively and efficientlyis an additional effort to improvethe results obtaained by farmers and related to environmental sustainability. The use of N fertilizer, which is an essential nutrient for rice plants, needs to know the optimum dosage according to plant needs and soil fertility. The research objective is to determine the optimum N dose to get the maximum rice yield in irrigated paddy fields. The study was conducted in Matoangin, Bantimurung District, Maros, South Sulawesi, for two planting seasons, from January to August 2014. The first planting season lasted from January to April 2014 (rainy season), and the second planting season from May to August 2014 ( dry season). The experiment were used in a randomized block design with three replications. The dosage of N fertilizer consists of six levels, namely (N0) without fertilizer; (N1) 33.75 kg N / ha equivalent to 75 kg Urea / ha; (N2) 67.50 kg N / ha equivalent to 150 kg Urea / ha; (N3) 101, 25 kg N / ha equivalent to 225 kg Urea / ha; (N4) 135 kg N / ha equivalent to 300 kg Urea / ha, and farmer dose (N5) 168.75 kg N / ha equivalent to 375 kg Urea / ha. The results showed plant height, panicle length, number of filled grain and yields of Inpari-4 rice at the study site were influenced by N fertilization. Research in the rainy and dry season showed fertilization N increased growth and yield of rice by following a quadratic pattern, and dosage the optimum N fertilizer is different in each season. The optimum N fertilizer requirements to obtain the maximum results in the rainy season (6.78 t / ha) is 129 kg N / ha equivalent of 282 kg of urea / ha, while in the dry season takes 131.57 kg N / ha equivalent of 286 kg urea / ha to get maximum yield (7.15 t / ha). The dosage of fertilizer is more efficient compared to that applied by farmers, namely> 300 kg urea / ha (equivalent to 135 kg N / ha)
Prospects for the development of direct seed planting technology (Tabela) in Indonesia
No full textProspect for the development of direct seed planting technology (Tabela) in Indonesia. This paper is a review that aims to reveal the development of technological innovations for direct seed rice cultivation (Tabela) and the prospects for its development in Indonesia. Rice is the main source of food, which cannot be substituted with other foodstuffs. The need for rice will continue to increase, along with the rate of increase in population growth every year. Therefore, the main program for agricultural development in periods 2015-2019 is to increase productivity and cropping indexes in all rice agro-ecosystems. The main problems in the current rice cultivation business today are; the need for labor is large, while the availability of labor in the agricultural sector is decreasing, farm labor wages and the price of production facilities are getting more expensive, the area of rice fields is decreasing, the availability of water is increasingly limited. Direct seed cultivation of jajar legowo is one of the solutions for lowland rice farming that can solve the problem of labor shortages in the production process of rice cultivation. Supporting technology in Tabela rice cultivation is quite available including superior varieties, seed technology, biological fertilizers, fertilization, weed control, water management, pest and disease control, and planting tools. Tabela technology has the prospect to be widely developed in Indonesia because it is suitable for irrigated and rain fed rice fields, harvest faster, increases production, is more labor efficient, easy and practical to implement
Fertilizer bio urine effectiveness test and the combination with chemical fertilizer on nutrient uptake and rice production
No full textThe goal of the study was to determine the impact of applying bio urine fertilizers on soil chemical properties and rice yield in order to improve soil fertility. Randomized complete block design with 10 kinds of treatment had adopted in this study for three times. As part of the treatment, bio urine fertilizer and NPK fertilizer are used at various levels. As a result of these findings, the use of bio urine in conjunction with NPK fertilizer had a significant impact on pH as well as total N as well as available P and K as well as absorption of N, P and K, strawweight, dry grain weight and 1000 grain weight. As a result, rice plants can absorb more nutrients such as organic C, total nitrogen, existing P, K, N, P and K when combined with NPK fertilizer. 5.65 t ha-1 of rice was harvested using 30 ml of bio urine and 75 percent NPK fertilizer, while 4.01 t ha-1 of rice was harvested using the farmer\u27s (control) method of treatment. It\u27s 165.66 percent. When used at this dosage, the fertilizer is more in effect than standard fertilizers, and its economic test magnitude is about 1.42, making it a good choice for rice farming
RESPON KAPAS (Gossypium hirsutum L.) TERHADAP PUPUK KALIUM PADA VERTISOL DI BANGKALA JENEPONTO
No full textResponse of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum I.) to potassium fertilizer at vertisol Bangkala JenepontoThe study on the response of cotton o potassium on upland was carried out in vertisol Bangkala Jeneponto, South Sulawesi. The experiment was held on January 1994 to July 1994. The teatments consisted of seven rates of Potassium fertilizers viz : 0, 15, 30, 45, 60, 75 and 90 kg K20/ha or equal to 0, 25, 50, 75, 100, 125 and 150 kg KCI/ha. The teatments were arranged in a randomized block design, with four replications. The esearch results indicated that cotton responded to potassium applications. Potassium ertilizer could improve cotton esponded o potassium applications. Potassium ertilizer could improve coton growth and yield component, and seed cotton production. The response curve was still linear. The moe KCI applied, the better the cotton growth and yield component, and the seed cotton yield. The application of Potassium ertilizer 125 kg KCI or 75 kg KjO/ha on coton planted on vertisol Bangkala Jenepono produced seed coton yield I 911 kg/ha
Performance and morphology of several soybean varieties and responses to pests and diseases in South Sulawesi
No full textSoybeans are a commodity that is widely grown by farmers in rainfed rice fields in South Sulawesi. One of the determining factors in increasing soybean productivity in South Sulawesi is the type of variety. The aim of this research was to determine the characteristics, morphology and response to pests and diseases in several soybean varieties planted in rainfed rice fields in South Sulawesi. This research was carried out in Allepolea Village, Maros Regency in 2022 using a Randomized Block Design with 13 treatments and 3 replications. Varieties tested as treatments include: 1) Derap-1, 2) Devon-2, 3) Deja-1, 4) Anjasmoro, 5) Dena-2, 6) Dena-1, 7) Gepak Kuning, 8) Grobogan, 9) Devon-1, 10) Dega-1, 11) Deja-2, 12) Demas-1, and 13) Detap-1. The results showed that of the 13 varieties tested, the highest height was found in Devon-2 (33.67 cm) and Detap-1 (31.67 cm) in the vegetative phase and in the generative phase in Detap-1 (75.53 cm) and Gepak Yellow (74.67 cm). The largest number of branches is in Dena-1 (3.13 branches). The highest nitrogen content was found in Devon-1 (12.64 m2 per g). The largest leaf area was Detap-1 (4.15 cm2) and Gepak Kuning (4.15 cm2). The highest number of stomata was in Dena-1 (42.80 μm) and Deja-1 (44.00 μm). The highest stomata width was found in Gepak Kuning (2.76 μm). The lowest level of leaf damage due to attacks by Valanga sp (Acrididae) occurred in Grobogan (6.89 %) and Dega-1 (7.35 %). The lowest level of pod damage due to Nezara viridula attack was in Devon-2 (3.56 %) and Dena-2 (3.64 %). The lowest level of leaf damage due to Phaedonia inclusa attack occurred in Dega-1 (4.37 %), Dena-2 (4, 12 %), and Grobogan (4.69 %). Seed damage due to Cercospora sp attack was lowest on Dena-2 (0.81 %). The highest seed yield was in Dena-2 (3.78 t ha-1) and the lowest in Anjasmoro (1.93 t ha-1) and Deja-2 (2.02 t ha−1)
KELAYAKAN USAHATANI JAGUNG DI SULAWESI SELATAN
No full textABSTRACT Feasibility Analysis of Maize Farming System in South Sulawesi Province. South Sulawesi is one of the maize central production in Indonesia. The study to investigate the characteristics and economic feasibility of the farmer practices was conducted in May-September 2012 in Jeneponto and Bone District which represent the dry land area and in Sidrap and North Luwu which represent the wetland area. The survey was conducted with the sample of 240 farmers. The data were collected on primary and secondary data. Primary data were collected through interviews and secondary data were collected from the relevant authorities. The data analyze were include of application of technology, productivity, economic analysis, and feasibility of crop farming. The result showed that the formal education of farmers were generally low, and the adoption of technologies of both in dry land and in paddy fields were also low. However, the human resource development through additional informal education will enhance for maize farming development in the areas. Farmers used the hybrid varieties, but amount of seeds was still less, plant spacing varies, and most farmers used the seeds from the previous crop. Fertilization was not balance, time and dose of fertilizer was incorrect, and fertilizer was not right for the land. Therefore, the productivity was still low, an average of 3.8 t/ha. The average net income received by farmers in dry land irrigated land respectively Rp3.3 million/ha and Rp4.7 million/ha or respectively with R/C average of 2.06 and 2.30. Therefore, corn farming can still be considered are feasible on dry land and irrigated land. Keywords: Maize, dry land, wetland, farming feasibility ABSTRAKSulawesi Selatan merupakan salah satu daerah sentra produksi jagung di Indonesia. Untuk mengetahui kelayakan usahatani jagung di wilayah tersebut, telah dilakukan penelitian pada bulan Mei–September 2012 di Kabupaten Jeneponto dan Bone mewakili lahan kering, Kabupaten Sidrap dan Luwu Utara mewakili lahan sawah. Penelitian menggunakan metode survei dengan pengambilan sampel secara random sampling sebanyak 240 sampel petani. Jenis data yang dikumpulkan ialah data primer dan sekunder. Data primer dikumpulkan melalui wawancara dan data sekunder dikumpulkan melalui informasi dari instansi terkait. Analisis data meliputi tingkat penerapan teknologi, produktivitas, dan analisis kelayakan usahatani. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa rendahnya pendidikan formal petani mengindikasikan adopsi teknologi baik di lahan kering mapun di lahan sawah belum optimal, dan membutuhkan pengembangan sumberdaya manusia melalui tambahan pendidikan informal untuk melengkapi pengalaman yang telah dimiliki. Walaupun tingkat pendidikan petani yang tergolong rendah, tetapi umur petani yang masih sangat produktif, dan pengalaman berusahatani selama ini, serta adanya upaya peningkatan keterampilan petani akan memberikan bagi peluang pengembangan budidya jagung khususnya di lokasi pengkajian. Budidaya jagung yang dilakukan petani di lahan kering dan lahan sawah irigasi belum optimal. Petani telah menggunakan varietas hibrida, tetapi benih yang digunakan masih kurang, jarak tanam bervariasi, dan sebagian petani masih menggunakan benih dari pertanaman sebelumnya. Pemupukan belum berimbang, waktu, dosis, dan jenis pupuk belum tepat. Sebagai akibat penerapan teknologi budidaya jagung yang belum optimal, produktivitas tergolong rendah, yaitu rata-rata 3,8 t/ha dan 4,5 t/ha masing-masing di lahan kering dan di lahan sawah. Rata-rata pendapatan bersih yang diterima petani pada lahan kering dan lahan sawah irigasi masing-masing Rp3,3 juta/ha dan Rp 4,7 juta/ha atau masing masing dengan R/C rata-rata 2,06 dan 2,30. Oleh karena itu usahatani jagung masih dapat dianggap layak di lahan kering maupun di lahan sawah irigasi. Kata kunci: Jagung, lahan kering, lahan sawah, kelayakan usahatan
ANALISIS PENGELOLAAN AIR DALAM USAHATANI PADI PADA LAHAN SAWAH IRIGASI DI SULAWESI SELATAN
No full textThe Water Management Analysis of Rice Farming on Irrigated Land in South Sulawesi. Efficient use of water is an important aspect to increase production and economic value of rice farming in integrated land. A study was conducted at irrigated land in the Mario village, Tanasitolo District of Wajo Regency from March to December 2012. The study used a Randomized Block Design (RBD) involving three farmer cooperators as replications. Every farmers applied water management treatments that were: (1) AWD (Alternate Wetting and Drying) wet or dry irrigation, (2) intermittent irrigation, and (3) continues irrigation (flooded). Seedlings were planted on 17 days using 2 : 1 of “legowo” cropping systems. Fertilizer application was based on soil analysis using PUTS (Phonska 200 kg + 130 kg Urea/ha). Pest and disease controlling with IPM method was also applied in this study. The results showed that the water management methods AWD produced higher growth, yield and profits than other methods. The rice productivity level was achieved by the method of AWD that was 8.3 t/ha, while intermittent and continuous irrigation methods reached only 7.8 t/ha and 7.6 t/ha, respectively. Profits earned in rice farming with AWD method was Rp16.1 million that was higher than others, which was Rp14.1 million and Rp13.4 million, respectively. The R/C of three methods of water management was more than two, meaning that all water management methods applied was feasible to be applied.Key words : Water management, rice farming, irrigated field Efisiensi penggunaan air merupakan aspek penting terkait dengan peningkatan produksi dan nilai ekonomi usahatani padi di lahan sawah irigasi. Pengkajian dilaksanakan di lahan sawah irigasi Desa Mario, Kec. Tanasitolo, Kab. Wajo Sulawesi Selatan pada bulan Maret- Desember 2012. Kajian menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) dengan melibatkan 3 orang petani kooperator sebagai ulangan. Setiap petani menerapkan perlakuan pengelolaan air: (1) AWD (Alternate Wetting and Drying) atau pengairan basah kering, (2) intermitten atau pengairan berselang, dan (3) pengairan terus menerus (tergenang). Bibit ditanam umur 17 hari dengan sistem tanam legowo 2:1, pemupukan didasarkan pada analisis tanah dengan Perangkat Uji Tanah Sawah (PUTS) 200 kg phonska + 130 kg Urea/ha. Pengendalian hama/penyakit dilakukan dengan metode Pengendalian Hama Terpadu (PHT). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pengelolaan air dengan metode AWD menghasilkan pertumbuhan, produksi dan keuntungan yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan pemberian air secara intermitten dan terus menerus (tergenang). Tingkat produktivitas padi yang dicapai dengan metode AWD adalah 8,3 t/ha, sedangkan pengairan intermitten dan terus menerus menghasilkan masing-masing 7,8 t/ha dan 7,6 t/ha. Keuntungan yang diperoleh dalam usahatani padi dengan metode AWD mencapai Rp16,1 juta/ha, sedang pengelolaan air dengan metode intermitten dan pengairan tergenang masing-masing menghasilkan Rp14,1/ha juta dan Rp13,4 juta/ha. R/C ketiga metode pengelolaan air masing-masing > 2,0 yang berarti metode tersebut layak diterapkan. Kata kunci : Pengelolaan air, usahatani padi, sawah irigasi
PERBANYAKAN BIBIT KAKAO MELALUI TEKNIK GRAFTING, OKULASI, DAN SOMATIK EMBRIOGENESIS DI PROVINSI SULAWESI SELATAN
No full textThe Study of Cocoa Seed Multiplication Using Grafting, Budding and Somatic Embryogenesis inSouth Sulawesi Province. The low quality and quantity of seed is one of the obstacles to increase the cocoaproduction. Cocoa plantation revitalization program requires up to 75 million of cocoa seeds per year to supportthe development in about 200,000 hectares area. Vegetative propagation of plants such as cocoa bud grafting, sidegrafting, grafting, somatic embryogenesis (SE) can be done as one of the solutions to solve the problems. Thestudy was conducted in two cocoa-producing districts namely Luwu and North Luwu, on February to September2012. The focus of the activities was conducted research on the methods of plant propagation of cocoa that warebud grafting, side grafting, grafting, and SE which aimed to determine the most suitable method applied at the farmlevel as well as the types of clones as a source of budwood in South Sulawesi. The studies were carried out in theform of survey by selecting respondents in two locations of cocoa development. The collected data from theexperimental design were analyzed by ANOVA, and further tested was done by using Duncan’s Multiple RangeTest at the level of 5%. The feasibility of utilization of the propagation methods then analyzed using a Benefit CostRatio (B/C). The results showed that the success rate of grafting techniques and side-grafting shoots both in thenursery and in the crop ware high enough, so the seed multiplication techniques can be recommended to be appliedat the level of farmers' groups. SE seedlings technology was not recommended in smallholders, but it is possible tobe applied at private estates and national companies, that had better comprehend the application of such technologyand had adequate facilities. Local superior clones that had been identified as superior clones were Sulawesi-1,Sulawesi-2, Mocktar 01, and Buntu Batu, those were recomended to be released. Varietal released is one of majorrequirements that a clone can be developed for commercial purpose.Key words: Cocoa, propagation technology, seeds, superior clonesABSTRAKSalah satu kendala yang dihadapi dalam peningkatan produksi kakao ialah rendahnya kualitas dankuantitas bibit. Padahal, program revitalisasi perkebunan kakao memerlukan bibit kakao hingga 75 juta bibit pertahun untuk mendukung pengembangan areal seluas 200.000 ha. Perbanyakan tanaman kakao secara vegetatifseperti sambung pucuk, sambung samping, okulasi, somatik embriogenesis (SE) dapat dilakukan sebagai salah satusolusi untuk menyelesaikan permasalahan penyediaan bibit kakao. Kajian dilaksanakan di dua kabupaten penghasilkakao yaitu Kabupaten Luwu dan Luwu Utara, pada bulan Februari sampai September 2012. Fokus kegiatan ialahpengkajian terhadap metode pembibitan kakao secara vegetatif yaitu sambung pucuk, sambung samping, okulasi,dan SE yang bertujuan mengetahui metode paling cocok untuk diterapkan di tingkat petani serta jenis klon sebagaisumber entres yang digunakan di Sulawesi Selatan. Kegiatan dilakukan dalam bentuk survai dengan memilihresponden di dua lokasi pengembangan kakao. Data pengamatan dianalisis dengan menggunakan ANOVA dandiuji lanjut dengan Duncan Multiple Range Test pada taraf 95%. Untuk mengetahui kelayakan usahatanipembibitan kakao, maka dilakukan analisis Benefit Cost Ratio (B/C). Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa tingkatkeberhasilan teknik sambung pucuk dan sambung samping di pesemaian dan di pertanaman cukup tinggi, sehinggakedua teknik perbanyakan bibit tersebut dapat direkomendasikan di tingkat kelompok tani. Penggunaan teknologibibit SE tidak dianjurkan diterapkan di perkebunan rakyat, tetapi sebaiknya diterapkan di perusahaan perkebunanswasta dan nasional yang memiliki fasilitas yang memadai. Klon unggul lokal yang sudah teridentifikasi dapatdikembangkan yaitu Sulawesi-1, Sulawesi- 2, Mocktar 01, dan Buntu Batu. Sebaiknya klon tersebut segeradiusulkan untuk dilepas sebagai klon unggul, sehingga mempunyai legalitas sebagai klon yang dapat digunakansebagai sumber entres.Kata kunci: Kakao, teknologi perbanyakan, bibit, klon unggu
