286 research outputs found
Natural language processing and String Metric-assisted Assessment of Semantic Heterogeneity method for capturing and standardizing unstructured nursing activities in a hospital setting: a retrospective study
No full textBackground: Nurses record data in electronic health records (EHRs) using different terminologies and coding systems. The purpose of this study was to identify unstructured free-text nursing activities recorded by nurses in EHRs with natural language processing (NLP) techniques and to map these nursing activities into standard nursing activities using the SMASH method.
Study design: A retrospective study using NLP techniques with a unidirectional mapping strategy called SMASH.
Methods: The unstructured free-text nursing activities recorded in the Medicine, Neurology and Gastroenterology inpatient units of the Agostino Gemelli IRCCS University Hospital Foundation, Rome, Italy were collected for 6 months in 2018. Data were analyzed by three phases: a) text summarization component with NLP techniques, b) a consensus analysis by four experts to detect the category of word stems, and c) cross-mapping with SMASH. The SMASH method calculated the string comparison, similarity and distance of words through the Levenshtein distance (LD), Jaro-Winker distance and the cross-mapping's cut-offs: map [0.80-1.00] with < 13 LD, partial-map [0.50-0.79] with <13 LD and no map [0.0-0.49] with >13 LD.
Results: During the study period, 491 patient records were assessed. 548 different unstructured free-text nursing activities were recorded by nurses. 451 unstructured free-text nursing activities (82.3%) were mapped to standard PAI nursing activities, 47 (8.7%) were partial mapped, while 50 (9.0%) were not mapped. This automated mapping yielded recall of 0.95%, precision of 0.94%, accuracy of 0.91%, F-measure of 0.96. The F-measure indicates good reliability of this automated procedure in cross-mapping.
Conclusions: Lexical similarities between unstructured free-text nursing activities and standard nursing activities were found, NLP with the SMASH method is a feasible approach to extract data related to nursing concepts that are not recorded through structured data entry
Phthalates in foods
No full textPhthalates are chemicals known mainly as plasticizers in the polymer industry, with worldwide extensive industrial application, that have caused widespread environmental pollution. This chapter describes the main sources of human exposure to phthalates; human health effects and the approach and methods to exposure assessment; the sources of food contamination during agricultural production, processing and packaging; data on occurrence in food and on dietary intake; the analytical methods applied in detecting phthalates in foods; and the implications for the food industry and policy makers for prevention and control of contamination and the future trends
O signo e a experi?ncia : a l?gica semi?tica de Charles Sanders Peirce
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Previous issue date: 2018-08-13Based on the peircean epistemological model, this research work analyzes the way the experience issues are related to the formal constructions that in the last analysis end up in theoretical systematizations, which produce systems of meaning. The systematization of theories is a characteristic of the conceptual constructs built from models of signification. We present the philosophical architecture of Charles Peirce as a substrate to think and describe this process of concatenation between theory and practice, a model built as a philosophical system of explanation of reality. We emphasize the presentation of a particular taxonomy of universal phenomena categories (cenopitagoric categories), which support an explanation of reality reading, where experience and the knowledge are synonymous terms. In this sense, the problematic presented here refers to the following question: If knowledge and experience are one and the same phenomenon, considering that experience is of the particular order and knowledge of the universal order, one would not be establishing a certain type of nominalism? The analysis course and justification that follows delineates the peircean?s perspective on the non-acceptance of the unknowability of things of/in the world, a posture that appears throughout the exposition of the topic exposed in this thesis about this philosophical system, opening for an original path that privileges another type of logic (semiotics) and a peculiar methodeutic (scientific method of establishing beliefs).Neste trabalho de pesquisa, a partir do modelo epistemol?gico peirceano, analisamos como se relacionam as quest?es de experi?ncia ?s das constru??es formais, que, em ?ltima an?lise, desembocam em sistematiza??es te?ricas, produzindo, assim, sistemas de significa??o. A sistematiza??o de teorias ? pr?pria da esfera conceitual, constru?das a partir de modelos de significa??o. A arquitet?nica filos?fica de Charles Peirce ? tomada como substrato para pensar e descrever esse processo de concatena??o entre teoria e pr?tica, modelo este constru?do como sistema filos?fico de explica??o de realidade. Ressaltamos a apresenta??o de uma determinada taxonomia de categorias fenom?nicas universais (categorias cenopitag?ricas), que sustentam um modelo representacional de realidade, em que experi?ncia e conhecimento s?o termos sinon?micos. Neste sentido, a problem?tica apresentada aqui remete ? seguinte quest?o: se conhecimento e experi?ncia s?o um e mesmo fen?meno, considerando que a experi?ncia ? da ordem do particular e o conhecimento da ordem do universal, n?o se estaria estabelecendo, assim, um certo tipo de nominalismo? O curso de an?lise e justifica??o que se segue delineia a perspectiva peirceana quanto ? n?o aceita??o da incognoscibilidade das coisas do/no mundo, postura esta que aparece em toda a exposi??o do recorte exposto nesta tese sobre seu sistema filos?fico, abrindo-se para um caminho original que privilegia um outro tipo de l?gica (semi?tica) e uma metod?utica peculiar (m?todo cient?fico de fixa??o de cren?a)
Development and implementation of pediatric and neonatal nursing information system in a hospital setting: the pediatric PAI
No full textThe Professional Assessment Instrument (PAI) is a clinical nursing information system used in the adult inpatient units of the A. Gemelli university hospital in Rome (Italy). The PAI allows for the systematic collection of nursing care data in order to improve the quality of care. So far, few clinical nursing information systems have been developed in the neonatal and pediatric care setting. The aim of this study is to describe the development and implementation of a clinical nursing information system (PAIped) for the neonatal and pediatric care setting.
Methods: The Patient-and Family-Centered Care model was used to develop the contents of the PAIped. A web platform application was developed for the PAIped. The standard nursing terminology Clinical Care Classification System was used. A decisionmaking support system was developed within the PAIped to support nurses in making diagnoses and in selecting the most appropriate nursing interventions.
Results: A clinical nursing information system using a standard nursing terminology was developed in the pediatric and neonatal care setting. After a test phase, the PAIped was implemented in all the pediatric and neonatal inpatient units of the A. Gemelli university hospital.
Conclusion: The development and implementation of the PAIped in the A. Gemelli university hospital allowed the monitoring of nursing care processes and accurate nursing documentation
A nursing clinical information system for the assessment of the complexity of care
No full textBackground. The complexity of care can be described through a clinical nursing information system, in particular through the Professional Assessment Instrument -PAI-, encoding each health care activity in time units and analysing the relationship of observed time to patient characteristics in relation to the functional models of care needs. Design. Observational study Methods. Data were collected for 11 months in 2016-17 in four inpatient units of an Italian hospital using the Professional Assessment Instrument, and a survey grid to measure the time of the nursing activities delivered. All activities with a frequency of 20 or more have been included. The Work Sampling technique was used for time-tracking. Results. The sample included 2765 nursing activities. The mean times for each care activity were compared showing significant differences. A statistically significant correlation (Sperman's correlation coefficient) was observed both between the observed time and the level of illness severity and between time and functional models. Conclusion. Patient complexity, both in terms of illness severity and level of dependence, can be coded through a clinical nursing information system. This facilitates the classification and measurement of nursing care delivered, which includes the entire care process
Natural co-occurrence of Deoxynivalenol and Fumonisins B1 and B2 in Italian marketed foodstuffs
No full text[Educational interventions in patients with heart failure: a review of the literature]
No full textPatient education is recognized as a central component of heart failure care and reduces hospital readmissions. Nurses have an important role in providing patient education and modifying self-care behaviors. The aim of this article is to examine characteristics of educational interventions for heart failure patients, their measured outcomes and the role of nurses in providing education. We conducted a literature review of the last 10 years and considered 30 articles. Multisession motivational interventions, repeated over time and with different follow-up interventions seem to produce the best results. However, some aspects remain controversial
Nursing diagnoses and theoretical frameworks in neonatal units: a literature review
No full textObiettivo: Identificare le diagnosi infermieristiche ed i quadri teorici utilizzati nelle unità neonatali attraverso una revisione della letteratura. Metodo: Per effettuare questo studio sono stati usati database come Cinahl, Medline e Lilacs. I descrittori usati sono: "Diagnosi infermieristica" AND "Modelli, Infermieristici" OR "Teoria infermieristica" AND "Infante" OR "Neonato". La ricerca era limitata agli arti- coli pubblicati dal 2000 al novembre 2013. Venivano selezionati soltanto gli studi scritti in inglese, spagnolo, portoghese e italiano. Risultati: Nella revisione della letteratura sono state identificate due tassonomie e sei impor- tanti quadri teorici. Le diagnosi infermieristiche più frequentemente individuate sono: intol- leranza alle attività, ridotta ventilazione spontanea, modello di respirazione inefficace, rischio di aspirazione, ritardo nella crescita e nello sviluppo, allattamento al seno inefficace, modello di alimentazione infantile inefficace, ipertermia/ipotermia, rischio di infezione, alterazione dell’integrità cutanea, interruzione dei processi familiari, rischio di compromissione della genitorialità, rischio di riduzione dell’attaccamento. Sono state identificate diagnosi appli- cabili alla sfera psico-sociale genitoriale che consentivano una valutazione integrale del neonato, compresa la famiglia. Conclusioni: Le diagnosi infermieristiche consentono agli infermieri che lavorano nelle unità neonatali l’opportunità di gestire efficacemente il processo assistenziale, nonché la disponibilità dei dati necessari per il continuo miglioramento della qualità nella cura infer- mieristica. L'utilizzo di un unico modello o di più modelli di riferimento costituisce un modo per aiutare l'agire professionale.AIM: To identify nursing diagnoses and theoretical frameworks used in neonatal units through a literature review.METHOD: Cinahl, Medline and Lilacs, database were used to perform this study. The descriptors used were: "Nursing Diagnosis" AND "Models, Nursing" OR "Nursing Theory" AND "Infant" OR "Newborn". The search was limited to articles published from 2000 to November 2013. Studies were selected only if they were written in English, Spanish, Portuguese and Italian.RESULTS: In the literature review two taxonomies and six major theoretical frameworks were identified. The most frequently detected nursing diagnoses were: activity intolerance, impaired spontaneous ventilation, ineffective breathing pattern, risk for aspiration, delayed growth and development, Ineffective breastfeeding, Ineffective infant feeding pattern, hyperthermia / hypothermia, risk for infection, impaired tissue integrity, Interrupted family processes, risk for impaired parenting, risk for impaired attachment, interrupted family processes. Diagnoses applying to parents' psychosocial sphere were identified, enabling the newborn's integral evaluation, including the family.CONCLUSIONS: Nursing diagnoses provide nurses working in neonatal units the opportunity of an effective management of the care process as well as the availability of the needed data in order to continuously improve a quality-based nursing care. The use of one model or more reference models represents a way to help professional action
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