1,721,083 research outputs found
Feminist Movements in Historical Perspective: The Wages for Housework Network through Transnational and Intersectional Lenses
No full textThis paper examines a current within the feminist movement focused on wages for housework, with an emphasis on its transnational trajectories. It analyzes two phases: first, the early 1970s coordination of Lotta Femminista, a separatist Italian feminist group influenced by operaismo, and second, its successor, the Rete dei Comitati per il Salario al Lavoro Domestico, which joined the international Wages for Housework network. The study explores how the movement’s expansion from Italy to North America reshaped its political analyses, leading to the emergence of black and lesbian feminist groups. Its approach, described as ‘intersectional ante litteram’ (Toupin 2018), examined not only class but also race, sexuality, and labor. Methodologically, this research challenges national historiographical frameworks, highlighting transnational exchanges that create a ‘reciprocal interplay’ (Baritono 2018). Finally, it questions traditional feminist chronologies, showing how the movement’s legacy persists, influencing postcolonial and contemporary feminist activism
Profili penali
No full textThe essay examines the problematic aspects of criminal liability in relation to healthcare-associated infections, also referring to the italian case-law
CHEMICAL MARKERS FOR THE EVALUATION OF SENSORY AND ANTIOXIDANT PROPERTIES OF WINES.
Full text linkSotolon (3-Hydroxy-4,5-dimethyl-2(5)-furanone) is a chiral lactone responsible for the oxidized flavour in fortified wines and wine produced by oxidative ageing. The perception threshold of the racemic mixture in wine is 8 – 10 μg/L and the flavour is reported as curry, aged honey, aged sake and fenugreek. Though it is considered a typical flavour note in Madera, Porto and Sherry, it is an off-flavour in dry white wine where its oxidative note is detrimental for the fresh taste and odour. The sotolon formation pathways, during winemaking, are affected by chemical and physical factors such as: oxygen concentration, storage temperature and time, reducing sugar concentration and antioxidant compounds concentration (e.g. sulphur dioxide or (GSH) glutathione). Due to the number of chemical and physical factors affecting the Sotolon formation in wine this compound has been suggested as chemical marker of white wine shelf-life.
A fast, sensitive and easy to apply analytical method (UHPLC-UV) and it was applied to the evaluation of SO2-free Franciacorta DOCG wines in order to assess the effect of different disgorgement conditions (antioxidant additives, ageing time and temperature) on the sotolon formation. The sotolon concentration was measured in sparkling wine stored at 15°C and 25°C for 6 months added to three different antioxidant preparations (2 g/hL and 4 g/hL) potentially substituting the sulfur dioxide. Furthermore, we investigated the chemical and physical factors could affect the sotolon formation in synthetic wine. Model solution conitaing increasing concentration of pentoses, GSH, amino group, catechin, oxygen, ethanal, tartaric acid and iron are stored at two temperatures (70°C and 5°C) for five days in order to clarify the compositive factors affecting the sotolon synthesis in white wine. Finally, we compared the performances of analytical methods (HPLC-UV and UHPLC-MS) for sotolon quantification, which were previously developed. Separately, we developed a fast, sensitive and easy to apply analytical method (UHPLC-UV) for the biogenic amines (BAs) assessment in red wine treated with different malolactic fermentation condition (Spontaneous MLF; Inoculum and Co-inoculum techniques). Moreover was checked the trend of intra and extra-cellular glutathione and their effect on the aromatic matrix of South African Sauvignon blanc (Stellenbosch) must and wine during the alcholic fermentation and aging. The Must was treated with GSH and a GSH-enriched inactive dry yeast preparation (GSH-IDYs).
The proposed analytical methods (UHPLC-UV; HPLC-UV and UHPLC-MS) provide a sample preparation faster and easier-to-apply than those previously reported for the routine analyses of sotolon. The methods (HPLC-UV; UHPLC-MS/MS; UHPLC-UV) were proved suitable for the determination of sotolon concentrations in white wine and in model solution under its sensory perception threshold. Two analytical methods compared (HPLC-UV; UHPLC-MS/MS) were successfully used for the screening of 70 commercial South African wines’ sotolon levels. The samples of Franciacorta sparkling wines treated with SO2 show the best protection against wine oxidation whereas the other commercial antioxidants tested caused detrimental effects due to the sotolon production. The phenolic composition of commercial antioxidants has influenced the production of sotolon. The sotolon formation tests carried out showed which sotolon can be formed by several formation pathways indeed it was generated under both reducing and oxidative conditions. Sotolon formation is enhanced by simultaneous presence of Fe++ and O2, of amino groups and of phenols. Glutathione inhibited the formation of sotolon only when it was simultaneously added with amino groups and phenols in an oxidizing environment or when it was present in oxidative conditions. Under anoxic conditions the sotolon formation test has been demonstrated that there is a high dependence between sotolon and reducing sugar contents, whereas tartaric acid and acetaldehyde didn't affect the formation of sotolon. The formation of
sotolon in anoxic environment has not yet been clarified and further tests will be conduct to understand the role of tartaric acid, ethanol, ethanal and ribose on sotolon production in synthetic wine. The analytical method for the BAs quantification showed good linearity and repeatability and was able to quantify the ABs in red wine. The preliminary results concerning the different malolactic fermentation conditions, suggest that co-inoculum technique does not seem to prevent BAs formation in wine. The trial data on GSH (intra and extra-cellular) have yet to be processed and will be assessed in the future
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
ACTIVE ENDOCANNABINOIDS ARE RELEASED FROM MICROGLIA IN ASSOCIATION WITH EXTRACELLULAR VESICLES TO INHIBIT GABAERGIC TRANSMISSION
Full text linkEndocannabinoids (eCBs) are bioactive lipids which primarily influence synaptic communication within the nervous system. They are synthesized by neurons but also by microglia, especially under neuroinflammatory conditions. To exert their function, eCBs travel across the intercellular space. However, how eCBs move extracellularly remains obscure. Our recent evidence indicates that reactive microglia release extracellular vesicles (EVs), which may represent an ideal vehicle for the transport of hydrophobic eCBs. Hence, in this study we investigated whether microglial EVs carry eCBs and may influence neurotransmission.
First we analyzed the eCB content of EVs and found a clear enrichment of N-arachidonoylethanolamine (AEA) in EVs relative to parental microglia. This analysis revealed higher AEA levels in EVs shed from the plasma membrane (microvesicles), compared to those which originate from the endocytic compartment (exosomes). To bioassay the activity of vesicular AEA, we used patch clamp analysis of miniature inhibitory post-synaptic currents (mIPSC) on rat hippocampal primary culture. Exposure of neurons to microvesicles (MVs) induced a significant decrease in mIPSC frequency, mimicking the well-known inhibitory action of CB1 receptor agonists. The involvement of vesicular AEA in this phenomenon was inferred from the ability of the CB1 receptor antagonist SR141716A to block the reduction of mIPSC frequency evoked by MVs. Western blot analysis showed an increase in ERK phosphorylation in neurons exposed to MVs, which was completely inhibited by SR141716A. This indicate that CB1 receptors activation by AEA-storing MVs translates into downstream signaling.
Finally, the use of biotin-AEA revealed an affinity of AEA for MV membrane, indicating that AEA travels in association with MVs surface. Consistent with a surface localization of AEA, MV membranes maintain their capability to decrease mIPSC frequency.
Overall, this study shows that microglial MVs carry AEA on their surface to stimulate CB1 receptors on target GABAergic neurons and demonstrates that extracellular vesicular transport of eCBs play a crucial role in the modulation of inhibitory transmission.
This abstract is copyrighted
© 2015 Gabrielli et al
SpringerPlus 2015, 4(Suppl 1):L29 doi:10.1186/2193-1801-4-S1-L29, modified;
The electronic version of this abstract is the complete one and can be found online at: http://www.springerplus.com/content/4/S1/L29
This abstract is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Wine making and re-fining in earthenware containers. An ancient practice still alive and fruitful
No full textWine is one of the most important agro-food products in Europe, and in Italy in particular where more than 48 million of hectoliters are produced each year. The quality of wine is due to several factors, related both to agronomic, and technological aspects; among these lasts the hygienic conditions of grapes and facilities, the process of wine making, the refining steps, the bottling and the storage conditions are prevalent. A renewed interest for the traditional, porous containers, like earthenware jars, has been recently noted in Italy and in France, and in this work preliminary results of a study undertaken in order to describe and understand the role of these clay tanks in wine making and re-fining, are presented. The differences between a 2 years old Cerasuolo wine (a typical wine produced in the southeastern Sicily) produced and re-fined in earthenware 250-400 l jars (amphora) and the same wine obtained by means of the current technology, were evaluated both by a chemical and a sensory point of view. Noticeable, but not very big, differences were observed between the two wines and all of them can be reasonably correlate to the specific performance of the clay tanks used, in terms of oxygen permeability, heat insulation and, possibly, of microorganisms selection
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