18 research outputs found
Evaluation of optical remote sensing-based shallow water bathymetry for recursive mapping
No full textWater depth estimation using optical remote sensing offers a reliable and efficient means of mapping coastal zones. Here, we aim to find a suitable model for fast and practical bathymetry of an estuary using Indian Remote Sensing Satellite (IRS) Linear Imaging Self Scanning Sensor (LISS-3) images. The study examines three different models; (1) least square regression model, (2) spectral band-ratio method and (3) multi-tidal bathymetry model. The findings are supported with in situ observed depth values and statistical estimates. Although the least square regression model has provided best results with root mean square error (RMSE) of 0.4 m, it requires a large number of observed data points for absolute depth estimation. Spectral band-ratio and multi-tidal model provides results with RMSEs 2.1 and 0.9 m, respectively. The present investigation demonstrates that multi-date imagery exploitation at disparate tide levels is the best estimation technique for recursive shallow water bathymetry where in situ observation is not possible
Reactivation of Chromosomally Integrated Human Herpesvirus-6 by Telomeric Circle Formation
No full textMore than 95% of the human population is infected with human herpesvirus-6 (HHV-6) during early childhood and maintains latent HHV-6 genomes either in an extra-chromosomal form or as a chromosomally integrated HHV-6 (ciHHV-6). In addition, approximately 1% of humans are born with an inheritable form of ciHHV-6 integrated into the telomeres of chromosomes. Immunosuppression and stress conditions can reactivate latent HHV-6 replication, which is associated with clinical complications and even death. We have previously shown that Chlamydia trachomatis infection reactivates ciHHV-6 and induces the formation of extra-chromosomal viral DNA in ciHHV-6 cells. Here, we propose a model and provide experimental evidence for the mechanism of ciHHV-6 reactivation. Infection with Chlamydia induced a transient shortening of telomeric ends, which subsequently led to increased telomeric circle (t-circle) formation and incomplete reconstitution of circular viral genomes containing single viral direct repeat (DR). Correspondingly, short t-circles containing parts of the HHV-6 DR were detected in cells from individuals with genetically inherited ciHHV-6. Furthermore, telomere shortening induced in the absence of Chlamydia infection also caused circularization of ciHHV-6, supporting a t-circle based mechanism for ciHHV-6 reactivation.
Author Summary:
Human herpesviruses (HHVs) can reside in a lifelong non-infectious state displaying limited activity in their host and protected from immune responses. One possible way by which HHV-6 achieves this state is by integrating into the telomeric ends of human chromosomes, which are highly repetitive sequences that protect the ends of chromosomes from damage. Various stress conditions can reactivate latent HHV-6 thus increasing the severity of multiple human disorders. Recently, we have identified Chlamydia infection as a natural cause of latent HHV-6 reactivation. Here, we have sought to elucidate the molecular mechanism of HHV-6 reactivation. HHV-6 efficiently utilizes the well-organized telomere maintenance machinery of the host cell to exit from its inactive state and initiate replication to form new viral DNA. We provide experimental evidence that the shortening of telomeres, as a consequence of interference with telomere maintenance, triggers the release of the integrated virus from the chromosome. Our data provide a mechanistic basis to understand HHV-6 reactivation scenarios, which in light of the high prevalence of HHV-6 infection and the possibility of chromosomal integration of other common viruses like HHV-7 have important medical consequences for several million people worldwide
Chronic persistent HHV-6B infection after sulfasalazine-induced DRESS with demonstration of HHV-6 encoded small noncoding RNAs (sncRNAs) in Crohn's-like colitis: Case report
No full textInternational audienceA sulfasalazine-induced DRESS (Drug Reactivation with Eosinophilia and Systemic Symptoms) was complicated by a Crohn's-like colitis. We demonstrated HHV-6 reactivation with presence of HHV-6 DNA and small noncoding RNA in colonic lesions. This observation confirms the major role of HHV-6 reactivation in DRESS manifestations and the importance of looking for HHV-6 reactivation in DRESS
Safety, Tolerability, and Efficacy of Insulin Aspart in People with Type 2 Diabetes, as Biphasic Insulin Aspart or with Basal Insulin: Findings from the Multinational, Non-Interventional A<sub>1</sub>chieve Study
No full text\ua9 2014, The Author(s).Conclusion: Insulin aspart therapy was well tolerated and was associated with improved glucose control over 24 weeks in people with T2DM.Methods: Insulin-na\uefve and insulin-experienced people with T2DM in routine clinical care starting aspart alone at baseline and continuing aspart alone, changing to biphasic insulin aspart 30 (aspart premix) or adding a basal insulin by study end, were included. Safety, tolerability, and efficacy were evaluated over 24 weeks.Introduction: The aim of the study was to investigate the clinical safety and effectiveness of starting insulin aspart (aspart) therapy in people with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) as a sub-analysis of the multinational, non-interventional A1chieve study.Results: Overall, 3,898 people started aspart at baseline. Of the 3,313 with 24-week data, 1,545 (46.6%) continued with aspart, 1,379 (41.6%) switched to aspart premix, and 214 (6.5%) added basal insulin, while the remainder switched to other regimens. No serious adverse drug reactions were reported. The proportion of participants reporting hypoglycemia decreased from baseline to week 24 in the aspart alone group (11.2% versus 4.1%, p < 0.001) and in the aspart + basal insulin group (13.1% versus 7.5%, p = 0.040), and was 3.7% at week 24 in the aspart premix group. The mean HbA1c decreased from baseline to week 24 (aspart: −2.1 \ub1 2.0% [−23 \ub1 22 mmol/mol], aspart premix: −2.3 \ub1 1.7% [−25 \ub1 19 mmol/mol], aspart + basal insulin: −2.0 \ub1 2.1% [−22 \ub1 23 mmol/mol]; p < 0.001)
Self-Treated Hypoglycemia in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Results from the Second Wave of an International Cross-Sectional Survey
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The evolution of targeted intra operative radiotherapy in early breast cancer
No full textTargeted intraoperative radiotherapy (IORT) delivers a single dose of radiation to a fresh tumour bed immediately after lumpectomy, commonly used to treat early breast cancer (EBC). It is delivered during the same sitting, with improved patient compliance and better sparing of adjacent healthy tissue, compared to conventional adjuvant radiotherapy to the whole breast. The recently published 12-year results (median follow up of 8.6 years) of the TARGIT-A trial offers reliable conclusions, of comparable oncological outcomes with a reduced toxicity profile supporting IORT as a replacement for whole breast external beam radiotherapy (EBRT) for suitable patients with EBC. Reduced need of multiple hospital visits is an added logistic advantage which makes IORT a cost-effective, less painful and cosmetically favourable alternative to standard EBRT, now included in several international guidelines with growing popularity among clinicians worldwide
Electron microscopic observation and analysis of HpDnaBWt, DelN2, DelN3 and DelC1
No full text<p><b>Copyright information:</b></p><p>Taken from "The domain structure of DnaB helicase: the N-terminal domain can be dispensable for helicase activity whereas the extreme C-terminal region is essential for its function"</p><p></p><p>Nucleic Acids Research 2007;35(9):2861-2874.</p><p>Published online 11 Apr 2007</p><p>PMCID:PMC1888833.</p><p>© 2007 The Author(s)</p> Above four proteins were processed for electron microscopy as described in the materials and methods and individual sample was scanned under a Morgagni 268 transmission electron microscope at 80 kV voltage. More than hundred images were captured in each case and the raw images were processed using IMAGIC software. The left panel in each pair shows the unprocessed image and the right panel shows the processed image. HpDnaBWt was found in both C6 and C3 conformations whereas DelN2 was found only in C3 conformations. Bars in the panels are equivalent to 10 nm
