430 research outputs found
Consistency in the AMSR-E snow products: groundwork for a coupled snowfall and SWE algorithm
No full text2019 Fall.Includes bibliographical references.Snow is an important wintertime property because it is a source of freshwater, regulates land-atmosphere exchanges, and increases the surface albedo of snow-covered regions. Unfortunately, in-situ observations of both snowfall and snow water equivalent (SWE) are globally sparse and point measurements are not representative of the surrounding area, especially in mountainous regions. The total amount of land covered by snow, which is climatologically important, is fairly straightforward to measure using satellite remote sensing. The total SWE is hydrologically more useful, but significantly more difficult to measure. Accurately measuring snowfall and SWE is an important first step toward a better understanding of the impacts snow has for hydrological and climatological purposes. Satellite passive microwave retrievals of snow offer potential due to consistent overpasses and the capability to make measurements during the day, night, and cloudy conditions. However, passive microwave snow retrievals are less mature than precipitation retrievals and have been an ongoing area of research. Exacerbating the problem, communities that remotely sense snowfall and SWE from passive microwave sensors have historically operated independently while the accuracy of the products has suffered because of the physical and radiometric dependency between the two. In this study, we assessed the relationship between the Northern Hemisphere snowfall and SWE products from the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer - Earth Observing System (AMSR-E). This assessment provides insight into regimes that can be used as a starting point for future improvements using coupled snowfall and SWE algorithm. SnowModel, a physically-based snow evolution modeling system driven by the Modern-Era Retrospective analysis for Research and Applications, Version 2 (MERRA-2) reanalysis, was employed to consistently compare snowfall and SWE by accounting for snow evolution. SnowModel has the ability to assimilate observed SWE values to scale the amount of snow that must have fallen to match the observed SWE. Assimilation was performed using AMSR-E, Canadian Meteorological Centre (CMC) Snow Analysis, and Snow Data Assimilation System (SNODAS) SWE to infer the required snowfall for each dataset. Observed AMSR-E snowfall and SWE were then compared to the MERRA-2 snowfall and SnowModel-produced SWE as well as SNODAS and CMC inferred snowfall and observed SWE. Results from the study showed significantly different snowfall and SWE bias patterns observed by AMSR-E. Specifically, snowfall was underestimated nearly globally and SWE had pronounced regions of over and underestimation. Snowfall and SWE biases were found to differ as a function of surface temperature, snow class, and elevation
Pollen Morphology of Six Herbaceous Species (Rubiaceae)
No full textPollen morphology of one species of Mitracarpus, Richardia and four species of Spermacoce were studied in the present paper. The specimens were collected from Pyin Oo Lwin Township and pollen recorded by using light microscope and photomicrographs. All of the grains were observed one type of aperture (colpate), exine sculpture (distinctly reticulate) and the shape in oblate type. The number of aperture (colpi) are varied in the studied species. The size of the pollen were small, medium or large. The classification of pollen morphology has been described on the basis of shape, size, apertures, sculpture patterns and pollen wall stratification
Evaluation on Nutritional and Elemental Composition of Moringa oleifera Lam
No full text"Moringa oleifera Lam. is a multipurpose herbal plant used as a food and an alternative for
medicinal purpose worldwide. Besides, Moringa oleifera Lam. plant has been identified as a
plant with numerous health benefits including nutritional and medicinal advantages. So, in
the present research, phytochemical and nutritional values of Moringa oleifera Lam. (leaves,
flowers and pods) were evaluated by using standard phytochemical screening procedure
(J.B Harbone) and standard official method (AOAC, Association of Analytical Chemist)
respectively. The relative abundance of elemental composition were analysed by EDXRF
(Energy Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence Spectroscopy).
Validity and reliability of the Swedish version of the Children’s Sleep Habits Questionnaire (CSHQ-SWE)
No full textBackground: To translate and culturally adapt the Children’s Sleep Habits Questionnaire (CSHQ) to a Swedish version, CSHQ-SWE, and to assess its validity and reliability for use with children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Methods: A total of 84 children with ADHD (51 boys and 33 girls; 6–12 years) and parents (7 men and 77 women; 28–51 years) were included in the study. CSHQ was translated and culturally adapted to Swedish, and assessed for concurrent validity with sleep actigraphy (analyzed by Kendall’s Tau) and for reliability by internal consistency (analyzed by McDonald’s Omega H). Face and content validity was evaluated by parents (n = 4) and healthcare professionals (n = 6) qualitatively (comprehensiveness, relevance, and comprehensibility assessed by interviews and analyzed by thematic analysis) and quantitatively (analyzed by content validity ratio and content validity index for 33 items and four non-scored inquiries). Results: Parent-reported sleep problems (CSHQ-SWE total score) were moderately correlated with less “Sleep Efficiency” (Tau = −0.305; p < 0.001) measured by sleep actigraphy. Parent-reported problems with “Sleep Onset Delay” was moderately correlated with measured time for ”Sleep Onset Latency” (Tau = 0.433; p < 0.001). Parent-reported problems with “Night Wakings” were weakly correlated with measured time for “Wake After Sleep Onset” (Tau = 0.282; p < 0.001). Parents estimation of “Total daily sleep duration” was moderately correlated with measured “Total Sleep Time” (Tau = 0.386; p < 0.001). Five of the seven subscales reached an acceptable level for internal consistency (McDonald’s Omega H > 0.700). Comprehensiveness, relevance, and comprehensibility of CSHQ-SWE were satisfactory overall. Content validity ratio was 0.80 to 1.00 for six items, 0.00 to 0.60 for 22 items, and < 0.00 for nine items. Content validity index was 0.22. Conclusions: CSHQ-SWE demonstrated acceptable concurrent validity with objectively measured sleep and internal consistency, whereas the overall results of face and content validity assessment varied. The instrument needs to be further evaluated regarding construct validity, responsiveness, test-retest reliability, and its generalization to other populations. © The Author(s) 2024</p
Chemical Analysis of Two Commercial Dried Fish Samples
No full text"Dried fish are very popular in Myanmar and some of these have been marketed abroad.
Dried fish is an important source of low-cost dietary protein. Chemical investigations of
two dried fish samples of Coilia ramcarati (Myee-tan-thwe) and Channa striatus (Nga-yant)
which are widely consumed in Myanmar were carried out. The samples were purchased
from Shwe Yin Mon market, Chan Aye Thar San Township in Mandalay Region. Some
physiochemical properties such as pH, moisture, ash, protein, fat, fibre and carbohydrate
contents of the two samples were determined by Association Official Analytical Chemist
(AOAC) method. Moreover, the elemental composition of the two samples were carried out
by using Energy Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence (EDXRF) method.
Development Of Testable Paths For Java Programs
No full textSoftware testing is a critical element of software quality assurance. One of the important tasks during software testing is the generation of testable paths. Software testing is extremely labor and resource intensive, accounting for 50-60% of the total cost of software development. Testing is integrated with and affects all stages of the Software Engineering lifecycle. This system has code parsing module from input java source code, analyzer module which maps with predefined keywords, control flow graph generator and developing testable paths module. This system calculate cyclomatic complexity to validate the output testable paths. This system evaluates the testable paths of the input Java source code and generates the control flow graph (CFG) to assist the software developer in testing phase
Text Based Web Image Retrieval System by Using Latent Semantic Indexing (LSI)
No full textThis paper describes the use of latent semantic indexing (LSI) in text-based image retrieval system. Due to the rapid development and popularity of World Wide Web (WWW), users have to face a variety and large number of web pages and images that waste time to search and browse. To alleviate this difficult, more efficient image retrieval system is needed to extract the required image from the collection of web pages. Therefore many image retrieval systems have been developed and used on the web. Among them, text-based image retrieval is a kind of image Meta search that based on associated metadata. Our proposed text-based image retrieval can retrieve both images alone and combined of images and associated alphanumeric text
"Isolation and Functional Groups Identification of Pure Organic Compound fromthe Whole Plant of Tradescantiazebrina Bosse (YaeWarr)"
No full text"In this research, a pure organic compound was isolated from the whole part of YaeWarr.
The sample was collected from Chan Aye Thar San Township in Mandalay Region. Before
analyzing, phytochemical screening of the plant was carried out. Moreover, mineral
contents of YaeWarr were determined byusing Energy Dispersive X-Ray Fluoresence
Spectroscopy(EDXRF). Antimicrobial activities of this plant in various solvents were
examined by means of Agar well diffusion method. In addition, the active compound (KW)
was isolated from YaeWarr applying column chromatography. Then, thin layer
chromatographic separation method was used for its purity. The pure compound could
be identified by Fourier-Transform Infrared (FT-IR) spectrum.
Global re-analysis datasets to improve hydrological assessment and snow water equivalent estimation in a sub-Arctic watershed
No full textHydrological modelling in the Canadian sub-Arctic is hindered by sparse meteorological and snowpack data. The snow water equivalent (SWE) of the winter snowpack is a key predictor and driver of spring flow, but the use of SWE data in hydrological applications is limited due to high uncertainty. Global re-analysis datasets that provide gridded meteorological and SWE data may be well suited to improve hydrological assessment and snowpack simulation. To investigate representation of hydrological processes and SWE for application in hydropower operations, global re-analysis datasets covering 1979-2014 from the European Union FP7 eartH2Observe project are applied to global and local conceptual hydrological models. The recently developed Multi-Source Weighted-Ensemble Precipitation (MSWEP) and the WATCH Forcing Data applied to ERA-Interim data (WFDEI) are used to simulate snowpack accumulation, spring snowmelt volume and annual streamflow. The GlobSnow-2 SWE product funded by the European Space Agency with daily coverage from 1979 to 2014 is evaluated against in situ SWE measurement over the local watershed. Results demonstrate the successful application of global datasets for streamflow prediction, snowpack accumulation and snowmelt timing in a snowmelt-driven sub-Arctic watershed. The study was unable to demonstrate statistically significant correlations (p/0.05) among the measured snowpack, global hydrological model and GlobSnow-2 SWE compared to snowmelt runoff volume or peak discharge. The GlobSnow-2 product is found to under-predict late-season snowpacks over the study area and shows a premature decline of SWE prior to the true onset of the snowmelt. Of the datasets tested, the MSWEP precipitation results in annual SWE estimates that are better predictors of snowmelt volume and peak discharge than the WFDEI or GlobSnow-2. This study demonstrates the operational and scientific utility of the global re-analysis datasets in the sub-Arctic, although knowledge gaps remain in global satellite-based datasets for snowpack representation, for example the relationship between passive-microwave-measured SWE to snowmelt runoff volume.Water Resource
Improved Parameterization of Snow Albedo in WRF + Noah: Methodology Based on a Severe Snow Event on the Tibetan Plateau
No full textSnowfall and the subsequent evolution of the snowpack have a large effect on the surface energy balance and water cycle of the Tibetan Plateau (TP). The effects of snow cover can be represented by the WRF coupled with a land surface scheme. The widely used Noah scheme is computationally efficient, but its poor representation of albedo needs considerable improvement. In this study, an improved albedo scheme is developed using a satellite-retrieved albedo that takes snow depth and age into account. Numerical experiments were then conducted to simulate a severe snow event in March 2017. The performance of the coupled WRF/Noah model, which implemented the improved albedo scheme, is compared against the model’s performance using the default Noah albedo scheme and against the coupled WRF/CLM that applied CLM albedo scheme. When the improved albedo scheme is implemented, the albedo overestimation in the southeastern TP is reduced, reducing the RMSE of the air temperature by 0.7°C. The improved albedo scheme also attains the highest correlation between the satellite-derived and the model-estimated albedo, which provides for a realistic representation of both the snow water equivalent (SWE) spatial distribution in the heavy snowbelt (SWE > 6 mm) and the maximum SWE in the eastern TP. The underestimated albedo in the coupled WRF/CLM leads to underestimating the regional maximum SWE and a consequent failure to estimate SWE in the heavy snowbelt accurately. Our study demonstrates the feasibility of improving the Noah albedo scheme and provides a theoretical reference for researchers aiming to improve albedo schemes further.Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository 'You share, we take care!' - Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public.Optical and Laser Remote Sensin
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