1,361,494 research outputs found
Nota su un reperto protostorico da Muricelle di Luzzi (CS).
No full textPresentazione di un vaso protostorico rinvenuto in frammenti durante ricognizioni di superficie nell'areale della villa romana di Luzzi, loc. Muricelle; attribuzione a un momento iniziale del Bronzo antico
Archivio digitale Petrarca in musica
No full textBanca dati di madrigali polifonici composti su testi di F. Petrarca, curata da C. Luzzi con la supervisione di A. Chega
Thermal hydraulic analysis of liquid-fueled molten salt reactors
No full textLiquid-fueled molten salt reactors (MSRs) are usually considered nonclassical reactor types because of the specific nature of the fuel, which is typically constituted by a molten fluoride salt mixture circulating in the primary circuit. The fission material (uranium and/or transuranium elements) is
dissolved in the molten salt carrier, which also acts as coolant. Thanks to the potentialities of this liquid fuel, several MSR concepts were investigated at Oak Ridge National Laboratory in the past (see http://www.energy- fromthorium.com/pdf/), and in recent years, MSRs have been the subject of renewed interest in the framework of Generation IV nuclear reactors (GIF, 2002, 2020; Serp et al., 2014; IRSN, 2015). These concepts differ mainly by neutron balance (critical or subcritical), neutron spectra (thermal, epithermal, or fast), the presence/absence of the graphite matrix as moderator, and the fuel salt chemical composition.
The physics of circulating nuclear fuels involves a strong coupling between neutronics and thermo-hydrodynamics, which would require in general the adoption of a multiphysics modeling approach (e.g., see, Luzzi et al., 2012b; Aufiero et al., 2014; Ramzy et al., 2020; Tiberga et al., 2020; Wan et al., 2020, and also Chapter 4.2, “Molten salt reactor multi-physics coupling and reduced order modeling”, as well as Chapter 25, “Dual-fluid reactor” of this book). However, in this chapter, analyses are performed assuming that the neutronic term is decoupled from fluid dynamics and appears like a heat source within the fuel/coolant molten salt. The aim is to investigate only the thermo-hydrodynamic behavior. Reference is made to a simple axial-symmetric cylindrical geometry representative of a typical graphite-moderated MSR power channel, taking into account the thermodynamic and transport properties of the molten salt as well as its local flow conditions and heat transfer. Even if this assumption simplifies the equations to be solved, the thermo-hydrodynamic behavior of the molten salt remains complex. In this context, a preliminary analytic approach (Di Marcello et al., 2008; Luzzi et al., 2010) to evaluate the temperature radial profile in both fuel and graphite is reported in Sections 6.2 and 6.3, which are intended to offer the reader a useful validation frame- work for testing more sophisticated computer codes, in view of their adoption for more realistic and complex 3-D geometry analyses.
The circulating “already molten” fuel offers positive peculiarities to be exploited in the safety approach as well as in the fuel cycle of liquid-fueled MSRs (LeBlanc, 2010; Luzzi et al., 2012a; Krepel et al., 2014; Qiu et al., 2016; Chisholm et al., 2020; Pathirana et al., 2021). For instance, the fluid nature of the fuel means that the reactor core meltdown is an irrelevant instance. Moreover, the reactor has almost no excess of nuclear reactivity, which reduces the risk of accidental reactivity insertion. On the contrary, the decay heat produced by the liquid fuel dissolved into the molten salt and distributed along a closed loop may impair the natural circulation features, leading to undesired behavior of the reactor. Actually, natural circulation in the presence of internal heat generation (IHG) is characterized by a particular dynamics that needs to be carefully studied. In this context, Section 6.4 presents a preliminary investigation of IHG effects on natural circulation with reference to the stability maps of single-phase rectangular loops
Derivation In A Nonequilibrium Ensemble Formalism Of A Far-reaching Generalization Of A Quantum Boltzmann Theory
No full textWithin the framework of the nonequilibrium statistical ensemble formalism provided by the nonequilibrium statistical operator method, we derive a quantum Boltzmann-style transport theory of a broad scope. This is done by choosing the single- and two-particle dynamical density operators as the basic informational-statistical variables. The equations of evolution for their average values over the nonequilibrium ensemble, the nonequilibrium-reduced Dirac-Landau-Bogoliubov-type density matrices, are obtained. From the resulting generalized nonlinear quantum transport theory, after resorting to perturbative-like expansions, a far-reaching generalization of Boltzmann equation for the single-particle distribution function is derived. A type of traditional Boltzmann equation follows after using stringent approximations, whose limits of validity are evaluated.2841140160Lebowitz, L.L., Montroll, E.W., (1983) Studies in Statistical Mechanics X. Nonequilibrium Phenomena I: the Boltzmann Equation, , North-Holland, AmsterdamJaynes, E.T., (1986) Frontiers of Nonequilibrium Statistical Physics, pp. 33-55. , G.T. Moore, M.O. Scully (Eds.), Plenum, New YorkLuzzi, R., Vasconcellos, A.R., (1990) Fortschr. Phys./Prog. Phys., 38, p. 887Luzzi, R., Vasconcellos, A.R., Ramos, J.G., A Non-equilibrium Statistical Ensemble Formalism: Basic Concepts, Construction, Application, Open Questions and Criticism, , http://xxx.lanl.gov/cond-mat/9909160Zubarev, D.N., (1974) Nonequilibrium Statistical Thermodynamics, Consultants Bureau, , New York, Neravnovesnaia Statisticheskaia Termodinamika, Izd. Nauka, Moscow, 1971Zubarev, D.N., (1970) Fortschr. Phys./Prog. Phys., 18, p. 125Zubarev, D.N., Morozov, V.N., Röpke, G., (1996) Statistical Mechanics of Nonequilibrium Processes, Vol. 1: Basic Concepts, Kinetic Theory, 1. , Akademie Verlag, BerlinZubarev, D.N., Morosov, V., Röpke, G., (1997) Statistical Mechanics of Nonequilibrium Processes Vol. 2: Relaxation and Hydrodynamic Processes, 2. , Akademie Verlag, BerlinAlgarte, A.C., Vasconcellos, A.R., (1992) R. Luzzi, Phys. Stat. Sol. (B), 173, p. 487Mesquita, M.V., Vasconcellos, A.R., Luzzi, R., (1998) Phys. Rev. Lett., 80, p. 2008Madureira, J.R., Vasconcellos, A.R., Luzzi, R., (1998) J. Chem. Phys., 108, p. 7568Madureira, J.R., Vasconcellos, A.R., Luzzi, R., Casas-Vázquez, J., Jou, D., (1998) J. Chem. Phys., 108, p. 7580Bogoliubov, N.N., (1967) Lectures in Quantum Statistics, 1-2. , Gordon and Breach, New York respectivelyFano, U., (1957) Rev. Mod. Phys., 29, p. 74Lauck, L., Vasconcellos, A.R., Luzzi, R., (1990) Physica A, 168, p. 789Akhiezer, A.I., Peletminskii, S.V., (1981) Methods of Statistical Physics, , Pergamon, OxfordLuzzi, R., Vasconcellos, A.R., Ramos, J.G., Foundations of a nonequilibrium ensemble formalism Fundamental Theories of Physics Series, , A. van. der Merwe (Ed.), Kluwer Academic, Dordrecht, forthcomingBogoliubov, N.N., (1962) Studies in Statistical Mechanics I, , J. de Boer, G.E. Uhlenbeck (Eds.), North-Holland, AmsterdamLuzzi, R., Vasconcellos, A.R., Ramos, J.G., Statistical foundations of irreversible thermodynamics Texte Zur Physik Series, , W. Ebeling (Ed.), Teubner, Leipzig, in pressTenan, M.A., Vasconcellos, A.R., Luzzi, R., (1997) Forstchr. Phys./Prog. Phys., 47, p. 1Luzzi, R., Vasconcellos, A.R., Ramos, J.G., (1999) Fortschr. Phys./Prog. Phys., 47, p. 401Madureira, J., Vasconcellos, A., Luzzi, R., Lauck, L., (1998) Phys. Rev. E, 57, p. 3637Vasconcellos, A.R., Algarte, A.C., Luzzi, R., (1990) Physica A, 166, p. 517Huang, K., (1963) Statistical Mechanics, , Wiley, New York, 2nd enlarged Edition, 1987Kreuzer, H.J., (1981) Nonequilibrium Thermodynamics and Its Statistical Foundations, , Clarendon, OxfordLiboff, R.L., (1990) Kinetic Theory, , Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJBalescu, R., (1975) Equilibrium and Nonequilibrium Statistical Mechanics, , Wiley-Interscience, New YorkHeims, S.P., Jaynes, E.T., (1962) Rev. Mod. Phys., 34, p. 143. , subsection b, pp. 148-150, and Appendix B, p. 164. (It should be noticed a misprint in the third line of their Eq. (B.1) which must end in xn-1)Ramos, J.G., Vasconcellos, A.R., Garcia-Colin, L.S., (1997) Braz. J. Phys., 27, p. 585Zwanzig, R., (1981) Perspectives in Statistical Physics, pp. 123-124. , H.J. Raveché (Ed.), North-Holland, AmsterdamVasconcellos, A.R., Algarte, A.C., Luzzi, R., (1996) Braz. J. Phys., 26, p. 543Vasconcellos, A.R., Luzzi, R., Garcia-Colin, L.S., (1991) Phys. Rev. A, 43, p. 6633Vasconcellos, A.R., Luzzi, R., Garcia-Colin, L.S., (1995) Physica A, 221, p. 495Luzzi, R., Vasconcellos, A.R., Esperidião, A.S., (1995) Phys. Rev. B, 52, p. 5021Vasconcellos, A.R., Luzzi, R., Jou, D., Casas-Vázquez, J., (1995) Phys. Rev. B, 52, p. 5030Lauck, L., Vasconcellos, A.R., Luzzi, R., (1992) Phys. Rev. B, 46, p. 615
Stability analysis by means of information entropy: Assessment of a novel method against natural circulation experimental data
No full textIn this paper, a method based on the Information Entropy (IE) is developed to evaluate the equilibrium stability of a given dynamic system. While for analytical/semi-analytical approaches the definition of stability is formally rigorous (e.g., thanks to the tools provided by the linear analysis), the process of identifying stable and unstable behaviours can be subject to a certain degree of arbitrariness in case of experimental and/or numerical transients. Generally speaking, the classification is based on the time dependent behaviour of the signals recorded during a transient of the system. These signals can be characterised by oscillations with non-decreasing amplitude or can converge to a steady-state value. In the first case, the system experiences an unstable operating condition, in the latter one, the operating condition is stable. For this reason, the key issue is the determination of a well-defined threshold in order to separate converging and oscillating signals. To this purpose, the proposed method evaluates the convergence of a transient by computing the IE associated with a selected signal, and adopts as convergence threshold the IE related to a constant amplitude sinusoid, which represents the condition for the onset of the instability.
In this work, the developed methodology, which can be applied in general to any kind of signal, is assessed against the data obtained from the L2 single-phase Natural Circulation Loop (NCL) (University of Genoa, DIME-Tec Labs), for which the IE is also adopted to evaluate the system stability map. Satisfactory results are achieved not only for the identification of stable and unstable transients, but also for the stability map, which is in agreement with the predictions achievable with other methodologies (e.g., semi-analytical linear analysis) developed by the authors (Pini et al., 2016; Cammi et al., 2016a; Luzzi et al., 2017)
On The Statistical Thermodynamics Of A Model For Non-equilibrium Semiconductors
No full textWe describe the non-equilibrium thermodynamics of a model for semiconductors under high levels of excitation using the non-equilibrium statistical operator method. We obtain thermodynamic functions in terms of thermodynamic variables that are accessible to experimental measurements via ultrafast laser spectroscopy. Calculations of entropy production and the rate of entropy production are performed. Kinetic equations for the relaxation processes are derived and Onsager-like coefficients are defined. It is shown that for the system we consider Prigogine's theorem of minimum entropy production holds even in the non-linear regime, and the Glansdorff-Prigogine universal evolution criterion is verified. © 1992.1801-2182204Bogoliubov, (1962) Studies in Statistical Mechanics, 1. , J. de Boer, G.E. Uhlenbeck, North-Holland, AmsterdamUhlenbeck, (1963) Lectures in Statistical Mechanics, , M. Kac, North-Holland, Providence, RIGrabert, (1982) Projection Operator Techniques in Nonequilibrium Statistical Mechanics, , Springer, BerlinMori, Transport, Collective Motion, and Brownian Motion (1965) Progress of Theoretical Physics, 33, p. 423Forster, (1975) Hydrodynamic Fluctuations, Broken Symmetry, and Correlation Functions, , Benjamin, Reading, MALuzzi, Vasconcellos, On the Nonequilibrium Statistical Operator Method (1990) Fortschritte der Physik/Progress of Physics, 38, p. 887Zwanzig, Where do we go from here? (1981) Perspectives in Statistical Physics, , H.J. Revechè, North-Holland, Amsterdam(1981) Kinan (Mexico), 3, p. 5Robertson, (1966) Phys. Rev., 144, p. 151Robertson, (1967) Phys. Rev., 160, p. 175Tribus, Levine, (1978) The Maximum Entropy, , MIT Press, Cambridge, MAZubarev, (1971) Neravnovesnaia Statisticheskaia Termodinamika, , Izd. Nauka, Moscow(1974) Nonequilibrium Statistical Thermodynamics, , English transl.:, Plenum, New YorkBuishvili, Sviadadse, (1972) Physica, 59, p. 697Vasconcellos, Algarte, Luzzi, (1990) Physica A, 166, p. 517Peletminskii, Yatsenko, (1967) Zh. Eksp. Teor. Fiz., 53, p. 1327(1968) Soviet Phys.-JETP, 26, p. 773Green, (1952) J. Chem. Phys., 20, p. 1281Green, (1954) J. Chem. Phys., 22, p. 398Kalashnikov, Equations of motion, Green's functions, and thermodynamic relations in theories of linear relaxation with various sets of macroscopic variables (1978) Theoretical and Mathematical Physics, 35, p. 127Equations of motion, Green's functions, and thermodynamic relations in theories of linear relaxation with various sets of macroscopic variables (1978) Theoretical and Mathematical Physics, 35, p. 362Glansdorff, Prigogine, (1971) The Thermodynamics of Structure, Stability, and Fluctuations, , Wiley, New YorkJou, Casas-Vazquez, Lebon, (1988) Rep. Prog. Phys., 51, p. 1105Garcia-Colin, (1988) Rev. Mex. Fis., 34, p. 344Truesdel, (1985) Rational Thermodynamics, , McGraw-Hill, New YorkVasconcellos, Luzzi, Garcia-Colin, (1991) Phys. Rev. A, 43, p. 6622Vasconcellos, Luzzi, Garcia-Colin, (1991) Phys. Rev. A, 43, p. 6633Lauck, Vasconcellos, Luzzi, (1990) Physica A, 168, p. 789Blackmore, (1962) Semiconductor Statistics, , Pergamon, LondonAbramovitz, Stegun, (1970) Handbook of Mathematical Functions, , Dover, New YorkSampaio, (1983) Ph.D. thesis, , UNICAMPAlgarte, (1983) Ph.D. thesisLuzzi, Vasconcellos, Relaxation processes in nonequilibrium semiconductor plasma (1984) Semiconductors Probed by Ultrafast Laser Spectroscopy, 1. , R.R. Alfano, Academic Press, New Yor
Ipotesi e rilievi sui confini applicativi dell’art. 118 T.U.B. dopo l’introduzione del comma 2-bis
No full text"A seguito dell’entrata in vigore della l. 106\/2011, il comma 2-bis dell’art. 118, t.u.b., sorgono non pochi dubbi all’interprete vuoi (i) sulla sua portata applicativa – potrebbe dirsi – specifica, vuoi (ii) sulla compatibilità della disposizione con il sistema dello jus variandi, così come articolato prima dell’entrata in vigore del comma in discorso. . Il saggio individua i percorsi attraverso i quali è possibile ricondurre a unità la disciplina dello jus variandi anche a seguito dell'intervento legislativo..
A Model Predictive Control Approach for the Italian LBE-XADS
No full textIn this paper, model predictive control (MPC) is applied to the Italian 80 MWth experimental accelerator driven system (XADS),
referring to a simple, non-linear model for the dynamic simulation of the plant, which has been developed and described in a previous work [A. Cammi, L. Luzzi, A.A. Porta, M.E. Ricotti, Prog. Nucl. Energ. 48 (2006) 578], in order to describe the interactions among the different subsystems: i.e., the accelerator-core coupling, the lead bismuth eutectic (LBE) primary system, the secondary system with diathermic oil and air coolers batteries, which reject the thermal power to the environment. Hereinafter, a model predictive controller is proposed, with the objective to minimize the difference between the average temperature of the diathermic oil and its reference value, while also minimizing the variations of the control input, which is the air coolers mass flow rate. The dynamic response of the LBE–XADS has been evaluated with reference to a reduction of 20% in the reactor power from nominal load conditions: this transient is very demanding for the overall plant, nevertheless the obtained results indicate the effectiveness of the proposed controller
On The Selection Of The State Space In Nonequilibrium Thermodynamics
No full textWe address here the question of the choice and interpretation of state variables in the thermodynamical description of systems arbitrarily away from equilibrium. It is presented a discussion of the topic in the framework of informational statistical thermodynamics, an approach based on Gibbs algorithm for nonequilibrium dissipative systems, which provides mechano-statistical foundations to phenomenological theories of irreversible thermodynamics. The theory is applied in the case of a particular system consisting of the mobile carriers in a highly excited photo-injected plasma in semiconductors. The concepts and results thus obtained are tested against experimental data in time-resolved and time-integrated optical laser spectroscopy. It is shown how nonequilibrium thermodynamic variables are evidenced and measured in such experiments. 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