1,721,002 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Distribusjon av gonioskopiske funn på goniofotografier av unge voksne. En pilotstudie utført med Nidek GS-1 Gonioscop
Get PDFPurpose: The primary objective was to investigate the visibility of angle structures and gonioscopic findings in four quadrants in young eyes by means of 360-degree goniophotography acquired by the Nidek GS-1 Gonioscope (GS-1).
Background: The anterior chambre angle is where the majority of the aqueous, produced in the ciliary body, is drained through the trabecular meshwork. Despite being dependent on the skill of the examiner, indirect gonioscopy remains the reference standard for a qualitative examination of the anterior chambre angle. This dependence on the skill of the examiner may be a limiting factor when performing qualitative studies on the ACA. The knowledge of normal variations such as trabecular pigmentations, iris processes, blood vessels and goniosynechiae is limited. Launched in September 2018, the Nidek GS-1 Gonioscope (Nidek, Japan) is a dedicated camera for goniophotography. It provides a 360-degree photograph of the anterior chambre angle.
Methods: The study had a cross-sectional design. Subjects was recruited from the students at the University of South-east Norway, campus Krona. Goniophotography was performed using the Nidek GS-1 automated gonioscope. Image quality and normal variations was registered and graded by an optometrist trained in the use of the gonio camera. Descriptive values included was central values (mean, mode) and spread of values (standard deviations, quantiles). Inferential statistics included correlation, and comparison between groups (Two-sample Wilcoxon, Friedman rank-sum).
Results: In total, 51 eyes of 27 subjects, 10 males and 17 females, were photographed. Mean age was 25,4 years. The percentage for best grade of image quality for the superior, inferior, temporal and nasal quadrant was 70%, 90%, 84% and 82% respectively, the difference was significant. There was no significant bilateral asymmetry. The most common grade for angle opening was 4 with the inferior quadrant having a significantly lower graded angle opening. Trabecular meshwork pigmentation was found in 96% of the eyes with the inferior quadrant being significantly the most pigmented. Iris processes was found in 86% of eyes. Here the superior quadrant, with significance, had the lowest grading. Blood vessels was found in 23% of the ACA while no goniosynechiae was observed.
Conclusion: The GS-1 provided images where the ACA structures was at least partially or fully focused for identification in 99% of the eyes. This makes it a highly suitable instrument for both scientific studies and for clinical use. The ciliary body was visible in 94% of the eyes, the inferior quadrant had the narrowest angle opening. Found in 96% of the eyes, trabecular meshwork pigmentation was the most common normal variation with the inferior quadrant being the most pigmented. Iris processes was found in 86% of the eyes with the superior quadrant having the lowest amount. BVs was found in 23% of the eyes without any quadrant differing and no goniosynechiae was found. There was no significant difference between the eyes.
Keywords: Anterior chambre angle, Nidek GS-1, trabecular pigmentation, gonioscop
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Occurrence of exfoliation syndrome in an optometric practice in Norway
No full textFormål: Hovedformålet med dette studie var å undersøke forekomsten og fordelingen av mistenkt eksfoliasjons syndrom (XFS) i personer fra 40 år og eldre som besøkte en optometrisk praksis i Norge for en optometrisk rutineundersøkelse. Sekundærformålet var å undersøke om det var en assosiasjon mellom bekreftet XFS og funn relatert til glaukom.
Metoder: Dette var et tverrsnittsstudie med en studiepopulasjon bestående av Norske kvinner og menn over 40 år som tok en frivilling optometrisk undersøkelse hos Krogh Optikk Majorstuen mellom januar 2022 og februar 2022. Pasienter var rekruttert fortløpende. Det var to deler til dette studie: 1. Rutine optometrisk undersøkelse med utvidet spaltelampe mikroskopi (SLM). 2: Bekreftelse av XFS hos pasienter med et eller flere XFS suspekte funn i minst ett øye ved bruk av utvidet SLM undersøkelse av linsen i øyet og diagnostiske øyedråper (Tropikamid 0.5%) utført på en etterkontroll. Statistiske analyser ble utført på personnivå (XFS i minst 1 øye) for studiepopulasjonen, prevalens og frekvens. Korrelasjons analyser mellom XFS og funn relatert til glaukom var basert på høyre øye. Beskrivende analyser besto av spredning av verdier (standard deviasjon, prosent, frekvens), sentrale verdier (gjennomsnitt, konfidens intervall). Inferensielle analyser besto av sammenligninger mellom gjennomsnitt ved bruk av «independent t-test» og «chi square test». Statistisk signifikans var satt til α= 0.05 (tosidig).
Resultater: 91 personer deltok i studie med et aldersspenn fra 40-79 år og gjennomsnittsalder på 57 (±10.1 SD) år, hvor 55% var kvinner. 17 deltakere hadde suspekte funn for XFS. Prevalensen for suspekt XFS over 40 år kom på 18.7% (n=17/91) og i aldersgruppene; 40-49 år 9.1% (n=2/22), 50-59 år 13.9% (n=5/36), 60-69 år 23.5% (n=4/17) og 70-79 år 37.5% (n=6/16). Ni av disse deltok på del 2 for å bekrefte/avkrefte XFS. Syv deltakere fikk bekreftet XFS hvor 6 var identifisert bilateralt og 1 unilateralt. Korrelasjons analysene fant en statistisk signifikans (α=0.05, tosidig) i gjennomsnitt mellom målene av global parapapillær nervefibertykkelse med en p-verdi på 0.002 mellom bekreftet XFS og de uten XFS. Ingen andre signifikante korrelasjoner ble funnet.
Konklusjon: Dette studie viser at XFS er tilstede i optometrisk praksis i Norge. Prevalensen funnet ser ut til å være høyere enn andre studier med lignende populasjoner, men grunnet dette studies mindre utvalg av deltakere, er det vanskelig å overføre resultatene til en større populasjon. Prevalensen øker med alder, noe som støtter forståelsen av at XFS er en alders relatert tilstand. Det er kun ett funn assosiert med glaukom som det ble funnet en korrelasjon med bekreftet XFS. XFS er forstått en kjent risikofaktor for å utvikle glaukom, derfor bør diagnostisering av XFS vurderes som klinisk viktig. Studie demonstrerer også bruken av diagnostiske øyedråper er klinisk nyttig for å bekrefte XFS. Videre forskning er nødvendig for å finne prevalensen av XFS i optometrisk praksis i Norge.
Nøkkelord: Prevalens, Eksfoliasjons syndrom, glaukom, dilaterende øyedråperPurpose: The primary aim of this study was to investigate the occurrence and distribution of suspected exfoliation syndrome (XFS) in persons aged 40 and older who attended an optometric practice in Norway for a routine optometric examination. Secondary objective was to investigate if there was an association between confirmed XFS and findings associated with glaucoma.
Methods: This is a cross sectional study where the study population were all Norwegian women and men over the age of 40 years who underwent a voluntary optometric examination at the practice Krogh Optikk Majorstuen between January 2022 and February 2022. Patients was recruited consecutively. There were two parts of this study. 1: Screening for findings of XFS during a standard optometric examination by means of an extended slit lamp biomicroscope (SLM) examination. 2: Confirmation of XFS in participants with one or more suspect findings of XFS in at least one eye by the means of an extended SLM investigation of the intraocular lens with the use of diagnostic eyedrops (tropicamide 0.5%) at a separate appointment. Statistical analyses were performed on person level (XFS in at least one eye) for the study population, prevalence and frequencies. Correlation analyses between XFS and findings associated with glaucoma was based on the right eye. Descriptive analyses consisted of spread of values (standard deviation, percentages, frequencies), central values (mean, confidence intervals). Inferential statistics consisted of comparisons of means with independent t-test and chi square test. Statistical significance set to α = 0.05 two-sided.
Results: 91 people participated in this study from age 40-79 years with a mean age of 57 (±10.1 SD) years where 55% were woman. 17 participants had suspect findings of XFS. The prevalence of suspect XFS over the age of 40 years of was found to be 18.7% (n=17/91) and in the age groups; 40-49 years 9.1% (n=2/22), 50-59 years 13.9% (n=5/36), 60-69 years 23.5% (n=4/17) and 70-79 years 37.5% (n=6/16). Nine of these underwent the second investigation to confirm/disconfirm the condition. 7 participants were confirmed with XFS where 6 was identified as bilateral and 1 as unilateral. Correlation analyses found a statistically significant difference (α=0.05, two-sided) in mean (independent t-test) with the measurements of average global parapapillary nerve fibre thickness with a p value of 0.002 between confirmed XFS (mean 71.75µm ±18.39) and no XFS (mean 92.79µm ±9.95). No other correlations were found.
Conclusion: This study shows that XFS is present in optometric practice in Norway. The prevalence found seem to be higher than other studies with similar populations, but because of the small sample size of this study, it is difficult to transfer the results to a bigger population. The increase of prevalence by age supports the understanding that XFS is an age-related condition. Only one finding associated with glaucoma was found to be associated with confirmed XFS, even so, XFS is a known risk for glaucoma, therefore diagnosing XFS should be considered clinically important. The study demonstrates that diagnostic eyedrops is clinically useful in diagnosing XFS. More research is needed to establish the prevalence of XFS in optometric practice in Norway.
Keywords: Prevalence, Exfoliation syndrome, glaucoma, dilating eyedrop
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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