68 research outputs found
From temple to house-church in Luke-Acts: a Lukan challenge to Korean Christianity
No full textThis dissertation examines the portrayals of the Temple, synagogue, and
house-churches in Luke-Acts to pose a Lukan challenge to the Korean church by using
a model of architectural space which is derived from social-scientific ideas originating
in anthropology, sociology and social psychology. The dissertation proposes the
relevance of the Lukan house-church to the Korean church today so as to transform
the latter's character in its architecture and use of space into the inclusive and
missionary one which is featured in Luke-Acts. The argument of the dissertation
begins with an exploration and defence of social-scientific method (Chapter 1).
Chapter 2 begins with a history and analysis of Korean Christianity which raises
problem surrounding its use of architectural space, before setting out a socialscientific
model of architectural space, which is then applied to contemporary Korean
church architecture. Challenging current understandings of a positive Lukan attitude
toward the Temple, this study proposes in Chapter 3 that Luke had a negative
understanding of the Temple in that it was an oppressive institution characterised by
segmented spaces which divided the people of God and thus showed its illegitimacy in
relation to the saving plan of God in Jesus. The dissertation next proposes in Chapter
4 that first-century synagogues were subsidiary Temple spaces which were extended
to most parts of Mediterranean world from the central sanctuary in Jerusalem, and that
Luke portrays the synagogues as similar to the Temple. Contrary to the Temple and
synagogue, the house in Luke-Acts expresses the inclusive salvation of the gospel
which incorporates a variety of people regardless of social status, gender, age and
ethnic origin (Chapter 5). In this interpretation, the house-church is represented as an
inclusive space accessible without institutional constraints. In the Gospel, it serves to
express the Kingdom of God into which sinners are invited to enter through meals and
to be incorporated into a fictive-kinship group created by Jesus. In Acts, the house is
not only a locus of Christian meetings in which the social relationships, characteristic
of family, are practised to enhance and legitimise the social identity of Jesus'
followers, but also the modus operandi of Christian mission through which the Christ-movement
spreads throughout the Mediterranean world. This study concludes with an
Epilogue containing brief suggestions for changes in Korean church architecture and
use of space based on these Lukan insights, which have the potential radically to
transform Korean Protestant Christianity
Didactics in vocational education & training : A case of diversity and intercepts
No full textIn an earlier contribution (Gesler & Moreno Herrera, 2016) we argued that depending on differences in perspectives and even on language´s differences we are facing a remarkable conceptual diversity of what didactics is about. Furthermore, the debate about conceptualization, in particular in relation to the equivalence in English of what in other languages, specifically Germanic and Latin languages, is termed ‘didactics’, is well documented in the research literature. I do claim that there was, and still there is, a need to transcend the language discussion to focus on content related aspects to advance knowledge and research in this area within the field of Vocational Education & training (VET).This article draws substantially on an earlier contribution by the author (Gessler & Moreno Herrera, 2016) and revisits shortly earlier research on didactics with the intention to highlight transitions and diversity in various approaches. Particular highlighted are the challenges in designing vocational which the authors first presented in an earlier study (Gessler & Moreno Herrera, 2016). Furthermore, it looks into selected contributions from scholars in the VET field with the intention to illustrate and propose discussion about the diversity and intercepts that are visible today. To accomplish these aims the focus is on a few selected cases considered to be illustrative enough. A thorough comparative study of didactics for vocational training in the Nordic countries still remains as a necessary project ahead.</p
Low-Resource Monolingual Transformer Language Models
No full textPh.D.Since the publication of BERT in 2018, pretrained Transformer language models (TLMs) have been a foundational requirement for almost all natural language processing systems. High-quality TLMs are easily attainable for languages with vast amounts of data, such as English, but for all but the top 100 most data-rich languages, it is very difficult to train TLMs with high quality. Most work aimed at addressing this issue has taken a multilingual approach, but in this work, we take up the question of whether low-resource TLMs could be trained effectively using only data drawn from one language. First, we describe a novel training algorithm for monolingual low-resource TLMs which characteristically involves reducing model size and using multitask learning with syntactically labeled data. Second, we describe a complementary training algorithm which uses contrastive learning and a syntactically-guided self-attention mechanism to provide syntactic inductive bias to TLMs. Third, we present a new TLM evaluation dataset, extensible to any language with a New Testament translation, aimed at addressing the severe lack of model evaluation resources in low-resource settings. To our knowledge, this work constitutes the first major effort to develop low-resource monolingual TLMs, and our results show that our methods are often more effective than any other competing approach to provide TLMs for low-resource languages
PrOnto: Language Model Evaluations for 859 Languages
No full textEvaluation datasets are critical resources for measuring the quality of
pretrained language models. However, due to the high cost of dataset
annotation, these resources are scarce for most languages other than English,
making it difficult to assess the quality of language models. In this work, we
present a new method for evaluation dataset construction which enables any
language with a New Testament translation to receive a suite of evaluation
datasets suitable for pretrained language model evaluation. The method
critically involves aligning verses with those in the New Testament portion of
English OntoNotes, and then projecting annotations from English to the target
language, with no manual annotation required. We apply this method to 1051 New
Testament translations in 859 and make them publicly available. Additionally,
we conduct experiments which demonstrate the efficacy of our method for
creating evaluation tasks which can assess language model quality.Comment: Accepted at LREC-COLING 202
Challenges in studying water fluxes within the soil-plant-atmosphere continuum: A tracer-based perspective on pathways to progress
No full textTracing and quantifying water fluxes in the hydrological cycle is crucial for understanding the current state of ecohydrological systems and their vulnerability to environmental change. Especially the interface between ecosystems and the atmosphere that is strongly mediated by plants is important to meaningfully describe ecohydrological system functioning. Many of the dynamic interactions generated by water fluxes between soil, plant and the atmosphere are not well understood, which is partly due to a lack of interdisciplinary research. This opinion paper reflects the outcome of a discussion among hydrologists, plant ecophysiologists and soil scientists on open questions and new opportunities for collaborative research on the topic “water fluxes in the soil-plant-atmosphere continuum” especially focusing on environmental and artificial tracers. We emphasize the need for a multi-scale experimental approach, where a hypothesis is tested at multiple spatial scales and under diverse environmental conditions to better describe the small-scale processes (i.e., causes) that lead to large-scale patterns of ecosystem functioning (i.e., consequences). Novel in-situ, high-frequency measurement techniques offer the opportunity to sample data at a high spatial and temporal resolution needed to understand the underlying processes. We advocate for a combination of long-term natural abundance measurements and event-based approaches. Multiple environmental and artificial tracers, such as stable isotopes, and a suite of experimental and analytical approaches should be combined to complement information gained by different methods. Virtual experiments using process-based models should be used to inform sampling campaigns and field experiments, e.g., to improve experimental designs and to simulate experimental outcomes. On the other hand, experimental data are a pre-requisite to improve our currently incomplete models. Interdisciplinary collaboration will help to overcome research gaps that overlap across different earth system science fields and help to generate a more holistic view of water fluxes between soil, plant and atmosphere in diverse ecosystems.Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository ‘You share, we take care!’ – Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public.Water Resource
El tema de la marginalidad en dos dramaturgos contemporáneos: Athol Fugard y Juan Radrigán
No full textThe author presents these two playwrights belonging to markedly different cultures, who made libertarian contributions against repressive policies in the republics of South Africa and Chile. For that he contextualizes the country and time when they wrote, and offers an interiorization to their dramaturgies. Fugard produced his plays in a context of apartheid, from clandestinity. Radrigán did his under dictatorship, on conditions of repression and censorship. Both rescue the dignity of the marginalized in their homeland.El autor presenta a estos dos dramaturgos de culturas marcadamente distintas, que realizaron aportes libertarios frente a políticas represivas en las repúblicas de Sudáfrica y de Chile. Para ello contextualiza el país y el tiempo en que escribieron, y nos ofrece una interiorización a sus dramaturgias. Fugard produjo en un contexto de apartheid desde la clandestinidad. Radrigán, bajo dictadura y en condiciones de represión y autocensura. Ambos rescatan la dignidad de los marginados de su patria
El tema de la marginalidad en dos dramaturgos contemporáneos: Athol Fugard y Juan Radrigán
No full textEl autor presenta a estos dos dramaturgos de culturas marcadamente distintas, que realizaron aportes libertarios frente a políticas represivas en las repúblicas de Sudáfrica y de Chile. Para ello contextualiza el país y el tiempo en que escribieron, y nos ofrece una interiorización a sus dramaturgias. Fugard produjo en un contexto de apartheid desde la clandestinidad. Radrigán, bajo dictadura y en condiciones de represión y autocensura. Ambos rescatan la dignidad de los marginados de su patria.L’auteur présente ces dramaturges de cultures nettement différentes, qui ont apporté leurs contributions libertaires face aux politiques répressives des républiques d’Afrique du Sud et du Chili. Pour cela, il met en contexte le pays et l’époque dans lesquels ils écrivirent, et nous invite à pénétrer leurs dramaturgies. Fugard et son œuvre s’inscrivent dans un contexte d’apartheid dans la clandestinité. Radrigan, sous la dictature et dans des conditions de répression et d’autocensure. Les deux défendent la dignité des marginaux de leur patrie.The author presents these two playwrights belonging to markedly different cultures, who made libertarian contributions against repressive policies in the republics of South Africa and Chile. For that he contextualizes the country and time when they wrote, and offers an interiorization to their dramaturgies. Fugard produced his plays in a context of apartheid, from clandestinity. Radrigán did his under dictatorship, on conditions of repression and censorship. Both rescue the dignity of the marginalized in their homeland
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