653 research outputs found
Economic evaluation synthesis:time for a methodological update to support equitable decision-making
No full textEditorialAbstract is not availableYuri Jadotte, Denny John, Suzy Lockwood, Norma Bulamu, Ghislaine van Mastrigt, Luke Vale, Judith Gomersall, Dru Riddle, Sonia Hine
Critical appraisal of systematic reviews with costs and cost-effectiveness outcomes : an ISPOR Good Practices Task Force Report
No full textA systematic review (SR) can provide rigorous and complete evidence to support decision makers who consider both the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of health interventions. A dramatic increase in published health economic (HE) studies, more specifically cost and cost-effectiveness studies, has resulted in the consequent proliferation of systematic reviews with cost and cost-effectiveness outcomes (SR-CCEO).First, such reviews help to indentify strenghts and weaknesses in HE studies, modelling methodologies, and data for modelling inputs. Second, SR-CCEOs may be informative for decisionmakers in resource allocation decisions for health interventions, especially in countries with limited capacity for health technology assessment (HTA). For the purpose of this article, cost studies are defined as studies analyzing the costs of healthcare interventions, includingcost descriptions and cost-of-illness (economic burden of disease) studies. By cost-effectivenessstudies we mean full economic evaluations, including cost-minimization, cost-effectiveness analysis, cost-utility analysis, cost-benefit analysis, and cost-consequence analysis. Sometimes cost studies might be based on an explicit comparison of alternatives.However, it is challenging to appropriately interpret SR-CCEOs owing to their heterogeneity in applied methods and reporting, and furthermore, owing to variability in clinical and health settings in the original studies they include. Methodologic guidance and checklists that improve the quality of SRs on clinical evidence or decrease risk of bias in their interpretation or synthesis have limited applicability for SR-CCEOs. There is little specific methodologicguidance for SR-CCEOs.Although Chapter 20 of the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions of the Cochrane Collaboration 12 and 3 articles related to informing clinical practice guidelines provide guidance, their recommendations do not focus on evaluating the quality of conduct or the risk of bias in SR-CCEOs. A critical analysis of guidelines on conducting and reporting SR-CCEOs identified multiple disagreements in these recommendations, suggesting that a standardized approach to conducting SR-CCEOs is needed.Making universal recommendations for SR-CCEOs is difficult because they differ in several important aspects, in particular, with regard to their search and inclusion criteria, such as the types of studies included (trial or model-based, cost, or cost-effectiveness), or in reporting solely economic characteristics or economic data alongside clinical outcomes. They also have different objectives (eg, to assess variability in outcomes and synthesize the findings) to identify the evidence gaps, or to assess the methods used.Overall, SR-CCEO reliability and usefulness will improve with good practice guidance for SR-CCEOs with different objectives. Thus, ISPOR (The Professional Society for Health Economics and Outcomes Research) established a global, multistakeholder, multidisciplinary expert task force to address this need (Appendix 1 in Supplemental Materials found at https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jval.2021.01.002). Although general recommendations on conducting SR-CCEOs are provided, the main goal is guidance on critical appraisal of SR-CCEOs regarding their quality and risk of bias. This report, which includes the ISPOR Criteria for Cost(-Effectiveness) Review Outcomes (CiCERO) Checklist, will assist researchers, producers of health technologies, and evidence users (decision makers/commissioners). The task force categorized the recommendations according to the 6 stages of conducting an SR-CCEO (Table 1).Fil: Mandrik, Olena (Lena). University Of Sheffield (university Of Sheffield);Fil: Severens, J.L. (Hans). Erasmus Universiteit Rotterdam; Países BajosFil: Bardach, Ariel Esteban. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. Centro de Investigaciones en Epidemiología y Salud Pública. Instituto de Efectividad Clínica y Sanitaria. Centro de Investigaciones en Epidemiología y Salud Pública; ArgentinaFil: Ghabri, Salah. French National Authority For Health; FranciaFil: Hamel, Candyce. University Of Ottawa. Ottawa Hospital Research Institute; CanadáFil: Mathes, Tim. Universität Witten/Herdecke; AlemaniaFil: Vale, Luke. University of Newcastle; Reino UnidoFil: Wisløff, Torbjørn. Uit The Arctic University Of Norway; NoruegaFil: Goldhaber Fiebert, Jeremy D.. University of Stanford; Estados Unido
"Everything about him was just perfect. And I fell in love instantly" : Life and love in welcome to Night Vale
No full textDespite, or even because of, its surreal and fantastical characters, Night Vale is an open and accepting place for most of its residents, and using the podcasts and the 2015 novel, this chapter explores Night Vale's ability to accept diversity. Focusing on representations of gender, sexuality, and disability, I show Night Vale to be an open-minded, progressive town, and that the podcast actively endorses attitudes of acceptance and understanding, not only through the actions of the characters affected by these issues, but by the actions of the inhabitants themselves, particularly radio host Cecil, and how they treat each other. © The Author(s) 2018
Killing them softly:managing pathogen polymorphism and virulence in spatially variable environments
No full textUnderstanding why pathogen populations are genetically variable is vital because genetic variation fuels evolution, which often hampers disease control efforts. Here I argue that classical models of evolution in spatially variable environments - specifically, models of hard and soft selection - provide a useful framework to understand the maintenance of pathogen polymorphism and the evolution of virulence. First, the similarities between models of hard and soft selection and pathogen life cycles are described, highlighting how the type and timing of pathogen control measures impose density regulation that may affect both the level of pathogen polymorphism and virulence. The article concludes with an outline of potential lines of future theoretical and experimental work.</p
Evolução química e história de formação estelar no universo local
No full textTese (doutorado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Ciências Físicas e Matemáticas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Física, Florianópolis, 2010Analisamos as galáxias do Sloan Digital Sky Survey com o nosso código de síntese espectral Starlight. O Starlight acha a combinação de populações estelares simples de diferentes idades e metalicidades que melhor modela o espectro de uma galáxia. Ele permite derivar vários parâmetros associados a uma galáxia, como a massa em estrelas, a história de formação estelar e a evolução química. A partir do espectro residual puramente nebular (subtraindo do espectro observado o modelado), medimos as linhas de emissão, das quais derivamos propriedades do gás dentro das galáxias. Estudamos a evolução das galáxias com formação estelar. Constatamos que as galáxias de maior massa formaram suas estrelas e seus metais mais rapidamente. A evolução da metalicidade das estrelas é estudada diretamente. Calibramos também a taxa de formação estelar atual medida pela síntese com a medida pela luminosidade de Halfa. Derivamos a relação massa estelar-metalicidade estelar (M*-Z*) em diferentes redshifts. Esta é a primeira vez que a relação M*-Z* é calculada para o mesmo conjunto de galáxias. Observamos que a metalicidade estelar observada tem uma evolução compatível com um modelo simples de evolução química de caixa fechada. Para as galáxias classificadas como LINERs, encontramos que a luminosidade observada em Halfa é compatível com o número de fótons ionizantes emitidos pelas populações estelares velhas dessas galáxias. Este resultado implica em uma profunda revisão da taxa de atividade nuclear nas galáxias do Universo local
Territorio, innovación y desarrollo rural. El caso del territorio brasileño del Vale dos Vinhedos
No full textThis paper is focused on innovation processes in rural areas. Its author pose that although these processes are encouraged of technical and technological advances, they are also oriented by the logic of capital accumulation. That is why the innovation processes has a political dimension. In base of this thesis, the author analyzes, firstly, the general innovation tendencies taking place in the Brazilian wine sector, and in particular the innovation experiences in the rural area called “Vale dos Vinhedos”, placed in the region of Rio Grande do Sul. Also, he analyzes the governance system in this territory, paying attention to the organization of social and economic players, and their relations with the public institutions at the local level. Finally, the author analyzes how the financial capital decides to change its strategy and to remove from Vale dos Vinhedos to other rural areas (for example, Campanha Gaucha) when economic players find difficulties to increase the capital accumulation process.Este artículo trata el tema de la apropiación territorial de los espacios rurales en el marco de procesos de innovación. Su autor plantea la tesis de que los procesos innovadores están configurados por el avance técnico y tecnológico, pero siguen la lógica de acumulación del capital, teniendo por tanto una dimensión económico-política. Sobre la base de este argumento analiza, en primer lugar, las dinámicas de innovación que han tenido lugar en el sector vitivinícola brasileño, centrando el análisis en el territorio denominado “Vale dos Vinhedos”, situado en el Estado de Rio Grande do Sul. Asimismo, analiza los sistemas de gobernanza surgidos en torno a esos procesos innovadores y el modo como se gestionan las interacciones entre los diversos actores sociales, económicos e institucionales presentes en ese territorio. Finalmente, analiza cómo los capitales instalados en el “Vale dos Vinhedos”, al encontrar dificultades para avanzar en el proceso de acumulación, se trasladan a la zona de la “Campanha Gaucha”, dando un giro al proceso de innovación en el sector vitivinícola
Post-Interpretive Criticism: Volume III - The Canon of Witnesses
No full textTitle: The Canon of Witnesses
Type: Publication \u3e Journal Volume
Journal Title: The Journal of Post-Interpretive Criticism
Volume: 3 (upcoming)
ISSN: 2819-7232
Author: Dorian Vale
Publisher: Museum of One
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.17421408
The Canon of Witnesses is Volume VIII of the Journal of Post-Interpretive Criticism (ISSN 2819-7232), authored by Dorian Vale and published by Museum of One. This volume consists of twelve museum-grade essays that apply the principles of Post-Interpretive Criticism through proximity, restraint, and ethical witnessing. Each entry reflects a sustained encounter with an artist whose work resists interpretation and instead demands presence, moral clarity, and devotional silence.
These scrolls are not critical readings — they are evidentiary offerings, placing the critic in the role of custodian rather than commentator. Spanning a range of mediums and geographies, the selected artists embody the movement’s foundational principles: sincerity as structure, erasure as ethics, and art as residue.
This volume is direct proof that Post-Interpretive Criticism is not hypothetical — it already exists. The essays do not invent the theory; they recognize it, giving formal structure to what has long been lived in practice.
Vale, D., & Museum of One. (2025). Post-Interpretive Criticism: Vol.III - Canon of Witnesses. ISSN 2819-7232
Dorian Vale is a chosen pseudonym, not to obscure identity, but to preserve clarity of voice and integrity of message. It creates distance between the writer and the work, allowing the philosophy to stand unclouded by biography. The name exists not to hide, but to honor the seriousness of the task: to speak without spectacle, and to build without needing to be seen.
This entry is connected to a series of original theories and treatises forming the foundation of the Post-Interpretive Criticism movement (Q136308909), authored by Dorian Vale (Q136308916) and published by Museum of One (Q136308879). These include: Stillmark Theory (Q136328254), Hauntmark Theory (Q136328273), Absential Aesthetic Theory (Q136328330), Viewer-as-Evidence Theory (Q136328828), Message-Transfer Theory (Q136329002), Aesthetic Displacement Theory (Q136329014), Theory of Misplacement (Q136329054), and Art as Truth: A Treatise (Q136329071), Aesthetic Recursion Theory (Q136339843), The Journal of Post-Interpretive Criticism (Q136530009), Canon of Witnesses (Q136565881)
Keywords:
Post-Interpretive Criticism, Stillmark Theory, Message-Transfer Theory, MTT, Misplacement, Displacement, Aesthetic Displacement Theory, Theory of Misplacement, Absential Aesthetics, Witness Aesthetics, Adab for Art, Hauntmark Theory, Spiritual Criticism, Presence-Based Criticism, Custodianship of Art, Art as Ontology, Aesthetic Recursion Theory, Aesthetic Recursion, Viewer as Evidence Theory, Restraint in front of art, Moral proximity, Interpretive silence, Erasure as ethics, Temporal scarcity, Silence as method, Ontology of beauty, Aesthetic mercy, Language as violence, Art encounter ethics, Epistemology of witness, Philosophy of Art, Aesthetics, Art Theory, Contemporary Aesthetics, Comparative Aesthetics, Phenomenology and Art, Ethics in Art Criticism, Interpretation and Meaning, Criticism and Reception Theory, Epistemology of Art, Visual Culture Studies, Dorian Vale, Founder of Post-Interpretive Criticism, Post-Aesthetic Critic, Independent Philosopher of Art, Museum of One, Art Writer and Theorist, Aesthetic Philosopher, Custodian of Witness Aesthetics, Spiritual Aesthetics Movement, The Doctrine of Post-Interpretive Criticism, The Custodian’s Oath, The Canon of Witnesses, Art as Truth, Art as Presence, The Viewer as Evidence, Interpretation vs. Witnessing, Language as Custody, Erasure as Afterlife, Museum of One Manifesto, Alternative art criticism, New art criticism movement, Ethical art theory, Criticism beyond interpretation, Slow looking philosophy, Quiet philosophy of art, Radical art restraint, Witness over interpretation, Interpretive Restraint, The Journal of Post-Interpretive criticism, The Journal of Post-Interpretive criticism ISSN 2819-7232), The Journal of Post-Interpretive Criticism (Q136530009
Post-Interpretive Criticism: Volume III - The Canon of Witnesses
No full textTitle: The Canon of Witnesses
Type: Publication \u3e Journal Volume
Journal Title: The Journal of Post-Interpretive Criticism
Volume: 3 (upcoming)
ISSN: 2819-7232
Author: Dorian Vale
Publisher: Museum of One
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.17421408
The Canon of Witnesses is Volume VIII of the Journal of Post-Interpretive Criticism (ISSN 2819-7232), authored by Dorian Vale and published by Museum of One. This volume consists of twelve museum-grade essays that apply the principles of Post-Interpretive Criticism through proximity, restraint, and ethical witnessing. Each entry reflects a sustained encounter with an artist whose work resists interpretation and instead demands presence, moral clarity, and devotional silence.
These scrolls are not critical readings — they are evidentiary offerings, placing the critic in the role of custodian rather than commentator. Spanning a range of mediums and geographies, the selected artists embody the movement’s foundational principles: sincerity as structure, erasure as ethics, and art as residue.
This volume is direct proof that Post-Interpretive Criticism is not hypothetical — it already exists. The essays do not invent the theory; they recognize it, giving formal structure to what has long been lived in practice.
Vale, D., & Museum of One. (2025). Post-Interpretive Criticism: Vol.III - Canon of Witnesses. ISSN 2819-7232
Dorian Vale is a chosen pseudonym, not to obscure identity, but to preserve clarity of voice and integrity of message. It creates distance between the writer and the work, allowing the philosophy to stand unclouded by biography. The name exists not to hide, but to honor the seriousness of the task: to speak without spectacle, and to build without needing to be seen.
This entry is connected to a series of original theories and treatises forming the foundation of the Post-Interpretive Criticism movement (Q136308909), authored by Dorian Vale (Q136308916) and published by Museum of One (Q136308879). These include: Stillmark Theory (Q136328254), Hauntmark Theory (Q136328273), Absential Aesthetic Theory (Q136328330), Viewer-as-Evidence Theory (Q136328828), Message-Transfer Theory (Q136329002), Aesthetic Displacement Theory (Q136329014), Theory of Misplacement (Q136329054), and Art as Truth: A Treatise (Q136329071), Aesthetic Recursion Theory (Q136339843), The Journal of Post-Interpretive Criticism (Q136530009), Canon of Witnesses (Q136565881)
Keywords:
Post-Interpretive Criticism, Stillmark Theory, Message-Transfer Theory, MTT, Misplacement, Displacement, Aesthetic Displacement Theory, Theory of Misplacement, Absential Aesthetics, Witness Aesthetics, Adab for Art, Hauntmark Theory, Spiritual Criticism, Presence-Based Criticism, Custodianship of Art, Art as Ontology, Aesthetic Recursion Theory, Aesthetic Recursion, Viewer as Evidence Theory, Restraint in front of art, Moral proximity, Interpretive silence, Erasure as ethics, Temporal scarcity, Silence as method, Ontology of beauty, Aesthetic mercy, Language as violence, Art encounter ethics, Epistemology of witness, Philosophy of Art, Aesthetics, Art Theory, Contemporary Aesthetics, Comparative Aesthetics, Phenomenology and Art, Ethics in Art Criticism, Interpretation and Meaning, Criticism and Reception Theory, Epistemology of Art, Visual Culture Studies, Dorian Vale, Founder of Post-Interpretive Criticism, Post-Aesthetic Critic, Independent Philosopher of Art, Museum of One, Art Writer and Theorist, Aesthetic Philosopher, Custodian of Witness Aesthetics, Spiritual Aesthetics Movement, The Doctrine of Post-Interpretive Criticism, The Custodian’s Oath, The Canon of Witnesses, Art as Truth, Art as Presence, The Viewer as Evidence, Interpretation vs. Witnessing, Language as Custody, Erasure as Afterlife, Museum of One Manifesto, Alternative art criticism, New art criticism movement, Ethical art theory, Criticism beyond interpretation, Slow looking philosophy, Quiet philosophy of art, Radical art restraint, Witness over interpretation, Interpretive Restraint, The Journal of Post-Interpretive criticism, The Journal of Post-Interpretive criticism ISSN 2819-7232), The Journal of Post-Interpretive Criticism (Q136530009
Um Estudo comparado das relações ambientais de mulheres da floresta do Vale do Guaporé (Brasil) e do Mayombe (Angola) - 1980 - 2010
No full textTese (doutorado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas. Programa de Pós-Graduação em HistóriaEste estudo objetiva discutir como as mulheres negras da floresta do vale do Guaporé/Rondônia, na Amazônia brasileira, e do Mayombe, na Província de Cabinda, Angola, se relacionam com o meio ambiente constituindo modos de vidas específicos e formas de poder a partir de seus conhecimentos ancestrais. Tanto os modos de vida como tudo mais que decorre entende-se serem constituídos historicamente nas suas culturas. O período de estudo abrange de 1980 a 2010. A análise foi centrada nos dois lados do oceano Atlântico considerando perspectivas da história comparada, estabelecendo conexões entre contextos em ambientes de florestas tropicais, procurando perceber as similitudes, as diferenças, as permanências e as mudanças nas práticas socioculturais destes povos, considerando que as populações negras que habitam o vale do Guaporé sejam provenientes de Angola ou de outros lugares da África Central. Procura-se discutir as relações de gênero presentes nas práticas culturais de mulheres e homens que habitam as florestas tropicais na utilização dos recursos naturais. O trabalho de campo foi realizado nas comunidades quilombolas do vale do Guaporé e nas aldeias do Mayombe, ocasião em que se participou de suas práticas cotidianas e fizeram-se várias entrevistas com mulheres e homens, pois este estudo privilegia as fontes orais, construindo um texto dialógico com as falas e interpretações das pessoas entrevistadas, a interpretação da autora e de vários estudiosos que trabalham esta temática. O principal traço comum entre a população do Guaporé e do Mayombe é o extrativismo, aliado à agricultura de subsistência. No Guaporé as mulheres são consideradas como "ajudantes" dos homens e no Mayombe elas são as principais responsáveis pelo desenvolvimento desta atividade agrícola e pela alimentação da família.This study intends to discuss how black women from Vale do Guapore Forest, Rondônia, in Brazilian Amazon, and women from Mayombe, in Cabinda Province, Angola, relate to the environment, establishing specific ways of life and forms of power through their ancestral knowledge. The ways of lives as well as everything else which follows it are understood to be constituted historically in their cultures. The period of study extends from 1980 to 2010. The analysis was centred on both sides of the Atlantic Ocean considering comparative history perspectives, establishing connections amongst rainforest environment contexts, aiming to perceive similarities, differences, permanencies and changes in these people´s sociocultural practices, considering that black population who inhabit Vale do Guapore are from Angola or from other sites in Central Africa. This paper aims to discuss gender relations present in women´s and men´s cultural practices who inhabit rainforests for the use of natural resources. Field research took place in quilombola communities in vale do Guapore and in Mayombe villages, occasion in which there was participation in their daily practices and several interviews were made with women and men, because this study privileges oral sources, constructing a text based on dialogues containing reports and interpretations from the interviewed people, the interpretation from the author and from researches who study this subject. The main common feature between Guapore population and that of Mayombe is extractive activities associated with subsistence farming. In Guapore women are considered as men´s "help" and in Mayombe they are the main responsible for the development of farming activity and for providing the family
A framework for the evaluation of new interventional procedures
No full textObjectives: The introduction of new interventional procedures is less regulated than for other health technologies such as pharmaceuticals. Decisions are often taken on evidence of efficacy and short-term safety from small-scale usually observational studies. This reflects the particular challenges of evaluating interventional procedures – the extra facets of skill and training and the difficulty defining a 'new‘ technology. Currently, there is no framework to evaluate new interventional procedures before they become available in clinical practice as opposed to new pharmaceuticals. This paper proposes a framework to guide the evaluation of a new interventional procedure. Proposed framework: A framework was developed consisting of a four-stage progressive evaluation for a new interventional procedure: Stage 1: Development; Stage 2: Efficacy and short-term safety; Stage 3: Effectiveness and cost-effectiveness; and Stage 4: Implementation. The framework also suggests the types of studies or data collection methods that can be used to satisfy each stage. Conclusions: This paper makes a first step on a framework for generating evidence on new interventional procedures. The difficulties and limitations of applying such a framework are discussed.Peer reviewe
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