71 research outputs found
The comparative function of 'llh in 2 Sam 21 and the philistine war tales
No full textResumen: En 2 Sam 21:22 hay diversos elementos lingüísticos con dificultades gramaticales. La investigación de estas peculiaridades hizo evidente una rara función comparativa del pronombre demostrativo plural 'llh . Es decir, que esta función comparativa, junto con la repetición de una sintaxis particular y la simetría de elementos lingüísticos y temáticos demostrarían relaciones confusas, aunque decididas, entre las tres ubicaciones de los relatos de las guerras filisteas en 2 Sam 5, 21 y 23. Sin embargo, este tipo de relaciones se contradicen con el modo en el que suele interpretarse el material 2 Sam 21–24, que las considera como un hecho “accidental” y como parte de un desenlace de confusión. Por su parte, la función del pronombre 'llh en 2 Sam 21: 22 también provee una herramienta literaria crítica para que el autor pueda contrastar la victoria de los protectores de la línea davídica con la derrota de aquellos enemigos que se le opusieron. Esta herramienta, también, permite ampliar uno de los temas fundamentales de la tradición de Samuel, como es la declinación de la Casa de Saúl y el concurrente ascenso de la Casa de David.Abstract: 2 Sam 21:22 contains several linguistic elements which present grammatical difficulty. Investigation of these peculiarities reveals a rare, comparative function of the plural demonstrative pronoun, 'llh . This comparative function, the repetition of particular syntax, and the symmetry of both linguistic and thematic elements demonstrate the intricate and purposeful relationships between the three locations of Philistine war tales in 2 Sam 5, 21 and 23. These relationships argue against the common understanding that the material in 2 Sam 21–24 is “haphazard” and part of a miscellaneous appendix. The function of the pronoun 'llh in 2 Sam 21:22 also provides a critical literary tool for the author to contrast the successes of the protectors of the Davidic line with the defeats of those enemies who oppose it. Such a tool furthers one of the fundamental themes of the Samuel tradition, that of the decline of the House of Saul and the concurrent rise of the House of David
Calm after the storms : income distribution in Chile, 1987-94
No full textThis paper uses Vietnam as a case study in rapidly assessing the strengths and weaknesses of an existing system of transfers and safety nets. Data are taken to be weak; in particular, rigorous ex-post evaluations of the components of the existing social security system are not available in time to inform policy choices. So the aim is instead to provide a broad qualitative assessment, also pointing to key issues on which knowledge needs to improve. The paper provides a critical overview of the existing public poverty and safety net programs in Vietnam that aim to help and protect those outside the formal employment sectors, notably those in the rural economy and urban informal sector. It begins with a brief examination of the principal sources of vulnerability for Vietnamese households and what is known about household coping strategies. This is followed by a description of the various transfers and safety nets that are currently available to address low incomes and vulnerability for individuals outside the formal employment system and hence not covered by the government's social security benefits. Naturally, much of the focus is on rural households and individuals.Economic Theory&Research,Environmental Economics&Policies,Services&Transfers to Poor,Poverty Impact Evaluation,Health Economics&Finance,Inequality,Environmental Economics&Policies,Economic Theory&Research,Governance Indicators,Services&Transfers to Poor
Integrated a-Si: H Gate Driver With Low-Level Holding TFTs Biased Under Bipolar Pulses
No full textA hydrogenated amorphous silicon (a-Si: H) thin-film transistor (TFT) gate driver on array with low-level holding TFTs (LLH TFTs) biased under bipolar pulse is investigated. It is shown that the bipolar bias at low frequency significantly alleviates the threshold voltage shift of the LLH TFTs. As a result, the lifetime of the proposed gate driver is demonstrated to be several times of that under the conventional unipolar pulse bias. In addition, the improvement in the lifetime becomes more significant at the higher work temperature. The liquid crystal display television panels (32-in, 1366 x RGB x 768) with the proposed a-Si: H gate drivers integrated on array are manufactured, and the feasibility of the proposed driving scheme is well verified.National Natural Science Foundation of China [61274084]; Shenzhen Municipal Scientific Program [JCYJ20120829170028552]SCI(E)[email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected]
Media Awareness among Hong Kong Primary Students
No full textThis study aimed to investigate the extent to which Hong Kong primary students have access to various media, how they evaluate the credibility of the media, what they know about the media, and how they choose among different media, as well as teachers’ expectations towards their students’ views and consumption of media. Since little is known about young children in the context of media education, this paper fills a research gap by studying the media awareness and use of upper primary students. A questionnaire on media awareness and media use patterns was given to the teachers, who were asked to answer the questions from the perspective of their students. The same questionnaire was administered to students during class time. The descriptive statistics of the data were analyzed and compared. Students believed that the most reliable media for providing news was the television, followed by the radio, the newspaper, and the Internet; about half of the students believed that they were capable of distinguishing true from false news; students were more proactive media users than the teachers thought. The findings of this study suggest that more contextual and in-depth approaches to research would be beneficial to assess the media use patterns of students, from which relevant media education models can be derived. © 2014, © The Author(s) 2014.link_to_subscribed_fulltex
Author's personal copy News and Views Platyrrhines, PAUP, parallelism, and the Long Lineage Hypothesis: A reply to Kay et al. (2008)
No full textKay et al. (2008) presented a parsimony (PAUP) analysis of platyrrhines involving a craniodental database of 268 characters, several targeted Patagonian fossils, Tarsius, and 29 anthropoid genera. Their core conclusion challenges a central idea about platyrrhine evolution, but it is flawed by interlocking problems concerning research design, data quality, and methodology. This conclusion rests on a weakly supported cladistic artifact, a purported monophyletic group of southern platyrrhines involving four poorly known, unevenly preserved, barely comparable sets of fossils that emerged by default, juxtaposed against a grouping of essentially modern platyrrhine genera, 94% of which are living forms represented by effectively complete datasets. To rationalize these results, The LLH proposes that modern New World monkeys (NWM) are characterized by a relatively large number of long lived genera and subclades (e.g., Althoug
Serologic correlates of protection against infection of COVID-19 vaccines: preliminary findings from a randomised trial of homologous and heterologous inactivated and mRNA third-dose vaccination (the Cobovax study)
No full textImpact of transformation on living condition and health inequalities in the former USSR countries
No full text"Disintegration of the USSR, formation of the new independent states onto the post-Soviet space became a significant event in contemporary history and human biographies. Majority of these states have begun market and democracy reforms, which pushed dramatic system transformation of their societies. It was expected, that reforms would provide the economy growth, increase of welfare and life chances of citizens unlimited by the centralized economy and authoritarian state. However already from the mid 1990th sharp social polarization (Gini coefficient was multiplied almost in 2 times, except for Belarus and Georgia), decline of life chances for most citizens, considerable reducing of life expectancy (above all things, capable of working men) showed up in these countries. The daily life of the people living in the former USSR has been transformed, with the certainties of everyday life being eroded as the bureaucratic redistributive order has taken on the guise of the market. In parallel, vertical social integration has been undermined alongside a significant increase in social inequalities; at the same time increase of social integration within strata has been showed up. What vectors of social inequalities are most strong? And what reasons of these phenomena are? In spite of the wide-spread opinion that age, gender and ethnicity are the independent factors of increasing of inequality; the author argues significant dependence of these factors on the objective class positions. Investigation of objective medium shows the expressly structured allocation of resources and life chances belonging to 'new' and 'old' social classes. On a base of survey data on Russia, Ukraine, Belarus, Moldova, and Kazakhstan, the paper concludes with some tentative projections concerning future social inequality development in these societies, in which relations of power, appropriation of property, social capital and high-quality education entail deep distinction in life chances of people. The author underlines that post-Soviet societies now mirror elements of traditional class societies with acquisition classes being not numerous, and in which a significant proportion of the population is social excluded. The paper is based on a data source of the EU-founded project on living conditions, lifestyle and health (LLH, with project leading by Ch. Haerpfer) as a multi-level survey conducted in 8 post-Soviet states during 2000-2002 years." (author's abstract
A Process-Based Approach to Employee Pro-Environmental Behavior
No full textOrganizations increasingly concern with environmental sustainability because of the ongoing deterioration of the global ecosystem. With this regard, organizations around the globe have strived to improve their environmental performance. Given that organizational environmental performance relies upon the collective efforts of individual employees within the organization, employee pro-environmental behavior is recently emerging as the topic of management practice and research. Employee pro-environmental behavior (PEB) refers to employees' behaviors and actions linked with and contribute to environmental sustainability. Current research mainly focuses on promoting employee PEB from a content-based approach in which scholars consider what kind of practices organizations need to initiate or implement. The one-sided focus of the content-based approach neglects the importance of psychological processes through which employees attach meaning to the information conveyed by the organizational environmental practices.I seek to address this theoretical gap by investigating employee PEB from a process-based approach. Employing the process-based approach, I divert the research focus to understanding how employees may experience, perceive, and interpret environmental sustainability within the organization. In the first study (Chapter 2), I explore how and why different patterns of pro-environmental initiatives could elicit distinct reactions from employees. Drawing upon attribution theory, I argue that employees' attributions are driven by the perceived configurational covariation patterns of pro-environmental initiatives (i.e., consensus, distinctiveness, and consistency). Different attributions lead to distinct behavioral engagement in PEB. Specifically, when employees engender symbolic attributions from the configuration of HHH (High consensus, High distinctiveness, and High consistency) or LHL (Low consensus, High distinctiveness, and Low consistency), they are less likely to engage in PEB. In contrast, when employees engender substantive attribution from the configuration of LLH (Low consensus, Low distinctiveness, and High consistency), they are more likely to engage in PEB. To examine my theoretical model, I conduct a series of studies. The experiment study demonstrates the causal relationship of the attributional cascade, and the field study validates the external implications of my conclusions.In the second study (Chapter 3), I explore the double-edged effects of pro-environmental pressure. The phenomenon of pro-environmental pressure is becoming prevalent in the workplace. Unfortunately, we lack a theory-based understanding of this phenomenon. I argue that pro-environmental pressure is potentially a double-edged sword that could produce bright and dark side effects for organizations. I first conceptualize the notion of pro-environmental pressure and develop a measurement for it. I demonstrate the validity and reliability of this scale through a series of studies. Further, I draw from the transactional theory of stress and theorize a conceptual model to delineate why and under what conditions employees respond positively or negatively to pro-environmental pressure. Specifically, I propose that employees' cognitive appraisals of the pro-environmental pressure determine their coping strategies and subsequent behaviors. When employees appraise pro-environmental pressure as a challenge, they will respond with positive behavioral reactions. On the contrary, when employees appraise pro-environmental pressure as a threat, they will react with negative behavioral responses. In addition to these main effects, I also argue that organizational identification could moderate the extent to which employees appraise pro-environmental pressure as a challenge or a threat.由於全球生態系統不斷地變差，組織也越發地關注環境可持續問題。因此，全球的組織都開始努力提升其環保表現。鑒於組織的環境表現實則依賴於組織內部員工的共同努力，因此員工的環保行為開始成為管理實踐和管理研究關注的話題。員工環保行為（Pro-environmental Behavior, PEB）是指員工表現出的那些有助於環境可持續性的行為和做法。目前關於如何促進員工環保行為的研究主要是從一個基於"內容"的視角來探討，即研究者們主要考慮的是組織應該去實施什麽樣的環保實踐來提高員工的環保表現。然而這樣的一個研究視角忽視了員工心理機制的重要性，員工作為具有能動性的個體是會對組織環保實踐所傳達的信息而產生不同的理解和體會的。本論文從一個基於 "過程" 的研究視角來探究員工環保行為，以彌補目前研究中所存在的不足。在這個視角下，我將研究重點放在探尋員工在組織中如何體會、感知和理解環保行為。在本論文的第一項研究中（第二章），我探討了不同模式的環保實施舉措將如何引起員工的不同反應。根據歸因理論，員工對於企業實施環保的動機會有不同的歸因，不同的歸因將會導致員工表現出不同程度的環保行為。而歸因的產生恰恰是由組織在實施環保舉措時所傳達出來的信息（即一致性、區分性、一貫性）所決定的。具體來說，當員工從HHH（高一致性、高區分性和高一貫性）或LHL（低一致性、高區分性和低一貫性）的實施模式中產生表象性歸因（symbolic attribution）時，他們將不太願意為組織做更多的環保。相反，當員工從LLH（低一致性、低區分性和高一貫性）的實施模式中產生實質性歸因（substantive attribution）時，他們則會表現出更多的環保行為。我開展了一系列的研究用以檢驗我的理論模型，其中的實驗研究證明了理論模型的因果關系，而實地研究幫助驗證了理論模型的外部效度。在本論文的第二項研究中（第三章），我探討了組織中環保壓力的雙刃劍效應。環保壓力這個現象在組織中越來越普遍，但目前我們仍然缺乏一個理論框架去理解這個現象。我認為環保壓力於組織是一把雙刃劍--它有可能給組織帶來正面的結果，同時也有可能帶來負面的影響。我首先對環保壓力進行了概念化，並開發了一個量表用以測量員工在組織中感受到的環保壓力。我通過一系列的研究證明了量表具有較好的信度和效度。在此基礎上，我從壓力轉化的視角出發，構建了一個理論模型來解釋員工會如何應對環保壓力，以及他們如何將環保壓力轉化為不同的行為反應。具體而言，我認為員工對環保壓力的評估決定了他們的應對策略和行為反應。當員工將環保壓力視為一種挑戰時，他們會做出積極的行為反應。相反，當員工將環保壓力視為威脅時，他們會做出消極的行為反應。除了主效應以外，我還解釋了為什麼有的員工更容易將環保壓力看成是一種挑戰，而有的員工卻把它看成是一種威脅。我認為組織認同感是員工進行環保壓力評估時的一個調節變量。當員工的組織認同感高時，他們更容易把此壓力看成是一種挑戰；當員工的組織認同感低時，他們更容易將環保壓力看成是一種威脅。YANG, Dan.Ph.D. Chinese University of Hong Kong 2021.Includes bibliographical references (leaves )Abstracts in English and Chinese.Title from PDF title page (viewed on ...
Author Correction: Immunogenicity and reactogenicity of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines BNT162b2 and CoronaVac in healthy adolescents (Nature Communications, (2022), 13, 1, (3700), 10.1038/s41467-022-31485-z)
No full textIn this article, the affiliation ‘HKU-Pasteur Research Pole, School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China’ for Carolyn A. Cohen, Asmaa Hachim, Niloufar Kavian and Sophie Valkenburg was missing. The original article has been corrected.link_to_subscribed_fulltex
An Evaluation of the Applicability of NGA-West2 Ground-Motion Models for Japan and New Zealand
No full textWe compared the accuracies of the probabilistic predictions of strong ground motions made by ground-motion models (GMMs) using the observed ground motions from 13 Japanese and 14 New Zealand shallow crustal earthquakes with moderate-to-large magnitude (5.5–6.6 for Japan and 5.07–7.85 for New Zealand). The data are independent of the GMMs so only the predictive power, instead of the explanatory power, of the models is evaluated. We examined the performance gains of state-of-the-art GMMs developed under the Next Generation Attenuation-West2 (NGA-West2) project over widely adopted regional GMMs for Japan and New Zealand. The large global dataset used by NGA-West2 GMMs allows sophisticated modeling, whereas the regional datasets used by regional GMMs may more directly represent region-specific ground-motion features. We measured the model performance by a newly developed method based on the multivariate logarithmic score, an extension of the widely used univariate logarithmic score (LLH) method. Our method measures the relative performance of models, taking into account the effects of data correlation, unbalanced data, and result variability. For the Japan case, we evaluated the model predictions for peak ground velocity (PGV) and found that NGA-West2 GMMs unambiguously performed better than regional GMMs and the superseded NGA GMMs. Proposed regional optimizations implemented in NGA-West2 GMMs improved the predictions for some models but had adverse effects for others. For the New Zealand case, we evaluated the model predictions for peak ground acceleration (PGA) and spectral accelerations at 0.3, 1, and 3 s and found that a recently developed regional GMM performed well, but NGA-West2 GMMs with performance comparable to or better than the regional model can also be identified. There appears to be no general answer as to whether a regional or global model should be preferred or whether a newer model is always better than the superseded model. This highlights the importance of evaluating the predictive power of GMMs using independent data.The authors thank all modelers who have provided unpublished information about their models (see Data and Resources). The authors thank Timothy Ancheta (Risk Management Solutions [RMS]) for explaining how some of the Next Generation Attenuation-West2 (NGA-West2) metadata were computed. The authors acknowledge the Natural Research Institute for Earth Science and Disaster Prevention (NIED) (F-net, K-NET, and KiK-net) and the Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA), Japan, for providing data used in this study. The authors acknowledge the New Zealand GeoNet project and its sponsors Earthquake Commission (EQC), GNS Science, and Land Information New Zealand (LINZ), for providing data used in this study. The authors thank Brendon Bradley (University of Canterbury) and an anonymous reviewer for their constructive comments that have substantially improved this article. The first author was supported by the ReThinking Probabilistic Seismic Hazard Analysis (PSHA) project financed by the New Zealand Natural Hazards Research Platform for a visit to GNS Science for developing this study. This study was supported by the Global Earthquake Model Foundation and the King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) research Grant URF/1/2160-01-01
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