39 research outputs found
E ca, conoscenza e sviluppo economico in Luigi Luzza
No full textLuzza è innanzitu o un esponente del «laboratorio borghese» italiano, un rappresentante illuminato dell’Italia imprenditoriale delle PMI. Sostiene un liberalismo sociale tendenzialmente conservatore, interven sta senza principio ideologico, guidato dalla prudenza e dal suo realismo. L’accusa di essere tra i fondatori dello statalismo italiano è nel complesso non priva di fondamen fa uali, essendo il promotore e fondatore di numerosi is tu e is tuzioni. È infa lui l’ideatore di numerosi interven statali a sostegno dell’inizia va privata, secondo lo s le sussidiario poi degenerato nel secolo ventesimo, così come è all’origine di mol ssime is tuzioni dello stato italiano. Tu avia, lo Stato è visto da Luzza come un’is tuzione da costruire e trasformare con nuamente, a fondazione e sostegno dei mer- ca e sempre con un ruolo sussidiario di ausilio alla società civile. D’altra parte tale accusa è ingenerosa e cieca dell’impegno costante e vi orioso del nostro sta sta nel pareggio del bilancio pubblico e nel controllo del debito. Rimane purtroppo ancora so ovalutato il suo approccio scien - co – che non è storicismo – probabilmente incomprensibile nella odierna banalizzazione delle posizioni teoriche economiche
Metabolic-Dysfunction-Associated Fatty Liver Disease and Gut Microbiota: From Fatty Liver to Dysmetabolic Syndrome
No full textMetabolic-dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) is the recent nomenclature designation that associates the condition of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) with metabolic dysfunction. Its diagnosis has been debated in the recent period and is generally associated with a diagnosis of steatosis and at least one pathologic condition among overweight/obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and metabolic dysregulation. Its pathogenesis is defined by a “multiple-hit” model and is associated with alteration or dysbiosis of the gut microbiota. The pathogenic role of dysbiosis of the gut microbiota has been investigated in many diseases, including obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and NAFLD. However, only a few works correlate it with MAFLD, although common pathogenetic links to these diseases are suspected. This review underlines the most recurrent changes in the gut microbiota of patients with MAFLD, while also evidencing possible pathogenetic links
Gut Microbiota and Critically Ill Patients: Immunity and Its Modulation via Probiotics and Immunonutrition
No full textCritically ill patients have a hyper-inflammatory response against various offending injuries that can result in tissue damage, organ failure, and fatal prognosis. The origin of this detrimental, uncontrolled inflammatory cascade can be found also within our gut. In detail, one of the main actors is our gut microbiota with its imbalance, namely gut dysbiosis: learning about the microbiota’s dysfunction and pathophysiology in the frame of critical patients is of crucial and emerging importance in the management of the systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) and the multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS). Multiple pieces of evidence indicate that the bacteria that populate our gut efficiently modulate the immune response. Treatment and pretreatment with probiotics have shown promising preliminary results to attenuate systemic inflammation, especially in postoperative infections and ventilation performance. Finally, it is emerging how immunonutrition may exert a possible impact on the health status of patients in intensive care. Thus, this manuscript reviews evidence from the literature on gut microbiota composition, its derangement in critically ill patients, its pathophysiological role, and the described and emerging opportunities arising from its modulation
Polyphenols Treatment in Patients with Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
No full textNonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) affects 25-30% of the general population worldwide and this high prevalence is linked with lifestyle and dietetic changes, not only in Western countries, but also in the urban areas of developing countries. Several pharmacological approaches were proposed in the treatment of NAFLD, but the reported results are inconclusive. International guidelines recommended the reduction of dietary fat and fructose, in association with some physical activity. In this context, it was reported that the protective effects of traditional Mediterranean diet, related to the high concentration of antioxidant compounds, particularly of polyphenols. Polyphenols are a heterogeneous class of plant derived compounds, with some proven hepatoprotective effects. Our opinion is that the adherence to traditional Mediterranean diet characterized by the consumption of antioxidant-rich foods in general and of polyphenols in particular, can be considered as a potential new approach in the treatment of NAFLD
Author correction to Extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase mediates interleukin 17 (IL-17)-induced IL-8 secretion in Helicobacter pylori-infected human gastric epithelial cells [Infect. Immun. 72, 9, (2004) 5019-5026]
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Dietary polyphenols and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
No full textNon-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), which is emerging as a major public health issue worldwide, is characterized by a wide spectrum of liver disorders, ranging from simple fat accumulation in hepatocytes, also known as steatosis, to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and cirrhosis. At present, the pharmacological treatment of NAFLD is still debated and dietary strategies for the prevention and the treatment of this condition are strongly considered. Polyphenols are a group of plant-derived compounds whose anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties are associated with a low prevalence of metabolic diseases, including obesity, hypertension, and insulin resistance. Since inflammation and oxidative stress are the main risk factors involved in the pathogenesis of NAFLD, recent studies suggest that the consumption of polyphenol-rich diets is involved in the prevention and treatment of NAFLD. However, few clinical trials are available on human subjects with NAFLD. Here, we reviewed the emerging existing evidence on the potential use of polyphenols to treat NAFLD. After introducing the physiopathology of NAFLD, we focused on the most investigated phenolic compounds in the setting of NAFLD and described their potential benefits, starting from basic science studies to animal models and human trials
Quality of endoscopic screening for colorectal cancer in Italy: A national survey
No full textColorectal cancer (CRC) is a major healthcare problem all over the world and screening is effective in reducing mortality and increasing survival. Since colonoscopy has a central role in faecal immunochemical test (FIT)-based CRC screening and surveillance, consistent quality measures are essential to ensure quality and outcomes. Nevertheless, screening modalities in clinical practice may differ according to the centers experience and the local availability of instrumentation and devices
Urotensin II receptor expression in patients with ulcerative colitis: a pilot study
No full textUrotensin II (U-II) is a vasoactive peptide that interacts with a specific receptor named UTR. Recently, our group has demonstrated increased UTR expression in both human colon adenocarcinoma cell lines and adenomatous polyps, as well as in colon carcinoma samples if compared to healthy colon samples of the same patients. We also showed that an UTR agonist induced an increase in colon adenocarcinoma cell growth in vitro, whereas the UTR block with a specific antagonist caused an inhibition of their growth and an inhibition of about 50% of both motility and cell invasion. Ulcerative colitis (UC) is an inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) associated with an increased baseline risk for colon cancer compared with the general population, and this risk is mostly attributed to chronic inflammation and immune dysregulation. This risk increases along with the duration of the disease, as demonstrated by many studies. There are no UTR expression data related to UC, and we therefore evaluated UTR expression in ill colon biopsies and in healthy colon ones of patients with UC and colon biopsies of healthy patients
Alcoholic Consumption of Young Italians During the SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic
No full textThe international health emergency caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which, at the end of 2019, hit the world, forced the governments of all countries to adopt stringent restrictive measures to contain the spread of the virus. Several studies have revealed worsening levels of anxiety, depression and perceived stress related to these restrictions and the resulting lifestyle changes. Some studies have also confirmed the presence of a relationship between SARS-CoV-2-related emotional distress and drinking behavior. Indeed, is a wellknown fact that alcohol consumption is one of the behavioral strategies used to reduce negative emotional states. However, it was documented that young people developed different responses to alcohol use during the pandemic than adults
