1,821 research outputs found
One-dimensional Cellular Automata in Quantum and Fermionic Theories
No full textThe thesis deals with quantum cellular automata (QCAs) and Fermionic quantum cellular automata (FQCAs) on one-dimensional lattices. With the term cellular automaton, we refer to a class of algorithms that can process information distributed on a regular grid in a local fashion. Its quantum counterpart—where at each site of the grid we can find a quantum system—represents a model for massive parallel quantum computation on finitely generated grids. The model is particularly well-suited for describing and simulating a vast class of physical phenomena.
The work presented in the thesis is threefold. We first introduce a new definition of QCA in terms of super maps, namely functions from quantum operations to quantum operations, that preserves locality and composition of transformations. Thereby, we define the so-called T-operator, i.e. a local operator that incorporates all the necessary information for univocally defining a QCA. The T-operator plays here the role of the Choi operator of the automaton.
Secondly, we classify all nearest-neighbor FQCAs over the one-dimensional lattice where each site contains one local Fermionic mode. We observe that the Fermionic automata are divided into two classes. In the first one, we find some FQCAs that are equivalent to a subset of quantum cellular automata. On the other hand, the second class of FQCAs has been found to have no quantum counterparts.
Finally, we report the experimental realization of a photonic platform to simulate the evolution of a one-dimensional quantum walk, i.e. a quantum cellular automaton whose action is linear in the field operators. Specifically, we observe the Zitterbewegung of a particle satisfying the Dirac dispersion relation. The theoretical background, numerical simulation, and optimization of the parameter space are discussed with special attention
TUTELA DEL LAVORO E LIBERTA' D'IMPRESA NEI PROCESSI DI ESTERNALIZZAZIONE
No full textL’elaborato analizza le conseguenze lavoristiche della successione fra imprenditori, muovendo da una ricognizione delle varie tipologie di esternalizzazione con le relative esigenze e principali criticità.
L’indagine si concentra in primo luogo sul trasferimento d’azienda, esaminando la normativa e la giurisprudenza europee per passare poi alla disciplina di diritto interno, alle procedure sindacali e a uno specifico focus sul trasferimento delle aziende in crisi.
Successivamente l’autore si sofferma sull’appalto, prendendone in particolare considerazione gli indici di genuinità, i criteri di distinzione dalla somministrazione illecita di manodopera e la tutela delle maestranze in caso di avvicendamento fra imprese.
Da ultimo, la ricerca approfondisce le c.d. “clausole sociali”, sia di prima che di seconda generazione, valutandone la compatibilità con il diritto eurounitario e con la costituzione nonché riflettendo sui possibili rimedi in caso di loro violazione.The author analyzes the labour consequences of the succession between entrepreneurs, starting from a recognition of the various types of outsourcing with the related needs and main critical issues.
The survey focuses primarily on the transfer of businesses, examining European legislation and case-law and then moving on to internal legislation, trade union procedures and a specific focus on the transfer of companies in crisis.
The author then dwells on the contract, taking into account in particular the indications of authenticity, the criteria of distinction from the illicit administration of labour and the protection of workers in the event of turnover between companies.
Finally, the research deepens the "social clauses", both first and second generation, assessing their compatibility with European law and with the constitution and reflecting on possible remedies in case of their violation
La Convenzione europea dei Diritti dell'Uomo e la giurisprudenza della Corte di Strasburgo sulla libertà religiosa
No full textSr Curve for the Ain El Beida Section (Morocco): An Atlantic Perspective of the Mediterranean Salinity Crisis
No full textWe present a new 87Sr/86Sr curve for the time interval between 6.5 and 5.5 Ma of the Ain El Beida section (AEB, Atlantic side of Morocco). The location and the recessional-scale resolution of our curve allow to investigate the possible relationships between global paleoclimatic and palaeoceanographic trends and the high-amplitude hydrological changes of the Mediterranean during the Messinian salinity crisis (MSC). The values, obtained from planktic foraminifers, plot in the upper portion of the global ocean curve and show long- (at eccentricity scale) and short-term (precessional scale) oscillations; the latter are more evident during the maximum of eccentricity for both the 100 and 400 ka components, between 6.00 and 5.85 Ma. Negative 87Sr/86Sr anomalies are observed at insolation minima in phase with δ18O maxima, marking the glacial stages from TG34 to TG26. It is unclear whether these oscillations originated from local (river runoff) or global (glacial/interglacial) climatic forcing. Conversely, the evaporites of the coeval Primary Lower Gypsum (5.97–5.62 Ma) accumulated in the Mediterranean at insolation minima show positive anomalies at glacial stages TG32, 30, 28, and 26. Such an opposite trend is possibly related to the greater sensitivity of the Mediterranean Sea to river runoff during insolation maxima compared to the
global ocean, as recorded at the Moroccan Atlantic margin. These observations and the deviation toward lower values of the Mediterranean Sr isotope curve starting at around 6.5 Ma, support the hypothesis of a progressive restriction of the Atlantic connections since the early Messinian, leading to the MSC
Protein aggregation detection with fluorescent macromolecular and nanostructured probes: challenges and opportunities
No full textProtein aggregation is a phenomenon widespread in all organisms, that responds to a variety of external stimuli and is involved in complex functions such as storage and recycling of protein residues in crowded environments. In some cases, aggregation of proteins is related to serious human diseases. Understanding, monitoring and, eventually, intervening in the process of aggregation – in particular at its early stage – is a topic of high relevance and urgency. Recently, nanostructured materials have allowed for an unmet versatility and modularity in the field of sensing and inhibition of aggregation. Fluorescent oligomers and polymers, via controlled tuning of chemical functionalities, are yielding detailed comprehension of the interactions between probe candidates and protein aggregates; AIEgens are rapidly addressing many open challenges on sensitivity and signal enhancement; nanomaterials are increasingly serving as theranostic platforms, with multiple functionalities stemming from the assembly of components with complementary abilities. Here we review the most recent achievements in protein aggregation sensing based on macromolecular or nanostructured probes, highlighting the general experimental and computational findings that may serve as guidelines for the next generation of theranostic probes
In situ strontium isotope analysis on biogenic apatite: the use of Laser Ablation and Multi Collector Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometer (LA–MC–ICPMS) in anthropological research
No full textThe use of LA–MC–ICPMS in anthropological research is an innovative approach for measuring strontium isotopic ratios of human enamel. This technique, due to its micro-destructivity, allows to exam 87Sr/86Sr on precious human remains, without the drawbacks of the dissolution method. Despite this advantage, the laser ablation technique (LA) is not without flaws, principally related to unavoidable analytical interferences. For these reasons, data obtained with the laser are usually less precise and accurate than data obtained with the classical dissolution method. In particular, problematic interferences are represented by 86Kr formed in the gas, by double-charged REE (Rare Earth Element), by 87Rb, and by other polyatomic isobaric interferences (i.e. 44Ca40Ar, 40Ca44Ca, 40Ca13P16O). In this work, we measured the Sr isotopic ratio of a shark tooth with both dissolution and LA method, to test the precision of the LA method. A shark tooth is a bio-apatite formed in a marine environment, thus its 87Sr/86Sr ratio reflects the modern marine ratio of ~0.7092. Our preliminary laser analyses show that we are able to reproduce the isotopic ratio of our shark tooth obtained by Sr chromatographic separation and HR–MC–ICPMS with a precision to the fourth decimal place and that this ratio reflects the modern sea water value. If confirmed by further studies, our preliminary results suggest that the LA technique is a reliable method to explore hominin movement and migrations
Hypermedia navigation: Differences between spatial cognitive styles
No full textRecently, many studies have investigated the role of individual and cognitive differences during Web navigation and Web searching. Despite this interest, no works have considered the role may assume individual differences in real-environment navigation during Web navigation. The aim of this work is to investigate the effect of different spatial cognitive styles: Landmark style (LS), Route style (RS) and Survey style (SS), on Web searching behaviour. In real-environment navigation, having a specific style determines the type of information individuals selected to navigate and orient themselves. We hypothesize that LS individuals are less proficient during Web exploration due to their analytical analysis of the environmental features. Vice versa SS individuals will show high performance on Web exploration for their holistic analysis of the World. We asked 30 College Students (10 LS, 10 RS, 10 SS) to solve three Web information tasks. The spatial cognitive style of participants was assessed through the Spatial Cognitive Style Test, and they were also asked to fill in a questionnaire about their internet and computer use. An ad hoc key-logger program for browsers was used to collect Web behaviour measures. In particular, the measures considered were: search engine tools used (e.g. back button), pages visited and revisited, time spent on information searching, and mouse cursor movements. The results showed significant differences between the spatial cognitive styles: LS seems to use a trial and error strategy in order to obtain the relevant information. Differences also emerged in the distribution of mouse cursor movements during Web navigation
Ultra Low Carbon Vehicles: New Parameters for Automotive Design
No full textAs the influence of vehicle emissions on our environment has become better understood, the UK government has recently placed urgent emphasis on the implementation of low carbon
technologies in the automotive industry through: the UK Low Carbon Industrial Strategy. The overall objective is to offer big incentives to consumers and support for the development of infrastructure and engineering solutions. This scheme however does not consider how the development of functional and experiential user value might drive consumer demand, contributing to the adoption of low carbon vehicles (LCVs) in the mass market.
With the emergence of the North East of England as the UK’s first specialised region for the development of ultra-low carbon vehicles (ULCVs), ONE North East, as a development agency for the region's economic and business development, and Northumbria University Ideas-lab have supported a project to facilitate innovation through the collaboration of technology, research and development (R&D) and business. The High Value Low Carbon (HVLC) project aims to envisage
new user value made possible by the integration of low carbon vehicle platforms with new process and network technologies. The HVLC consortium represents vehicle manufacturers and their suppliers as well as technology based companies and through an ongoing process of design concept generation the project offers a hub for innovation led enterprise.
Whilst new technological developments in areas such as power generation, nano materials, hydrogen fuel cells, printed electronics and networked communications will all impact on future automotive design, the mass adoption of low carbon technologies represents a paradigm shift for the motorist. This paper aims to describe how the mapping of new parameters will lead to new transport scenarios that will create the space for new collaborative research on user experiences supported by innovative technologies and related services
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Matteo Maria Boiardo (1441-1494)
No full textMatteo Maria Boiardo – contemporary of Sir Thomas Malory and forerunner of Shakespeare, Spenser, Milton, Cervantes, Tolkien, and C.S. Lewis – is best known as the author of the Orlando Innamorato [Orlando in Love], a poem in ottava rima organically merging Carolingian epic and Arthurian romance. He was also a lyric and pastoral poet, playwright, and translator of classical texts into the Italian vernacular. Matteo was active in Italy during the years of 1463 throughout 1494, the year of his death
Uno sguardo all'Est. Lavoro e diritti fondamentali in Russia e negli altri Paesi della Comunità di Stati indipendenti
No full textNel contributo l'autore, dopo aver esaminato i diritti fondamentali del lavoro presenti nelle Costituzioni dei Paesi della Comunità di Stati indipendenti, si sofferma sul diritto del lavoro russo. La trattazione, a carattere diacronico, abbraccia i rami principali del diritto del lavoro: il rapporto individuale, le relazioni collettive, il mercato del lavoro. L'autore rileva una sorprendente continuità nelle linee essenziali del diritto del lavoro russo, pur nel susseguirsi di sistemi socioeconomici completamente diversi. Egli conclude che il diritto del lavoro russo appartiene saldamente alla matrice europea della materia.The contribution of the author starts by examining fundamental labour rights recognised by the Constitutions of the Countries of the Community of Independent States. Then the author focuses upon Russian Labour Law, going through the history of the main branches of the discipline: the individual relationship, industrial relations, the labour market. The article finds a surprising continuity in the essential lines of Russian Labour Law, in spite of the completely different socio-economic systems that were experimented in Russia during the twentieth century. The author concludes that Russian Labour Law clearly belongs to the European matrix of the discipline
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