102,092 research outputs found
On the regional distribution of mitigation costs in a global cap-and-trade regime
No full textThis paper analyzes the regional distribution of climate change mitigation costs in
a global cap-and-trade regime. Four stylized burden-sharing rules are considered, ranging
from GDP-based permit allocations to schemes that foresee a long-term convergence of percapita
emission permits. The comparison of results from three structurally different hybrid,
integrated energy-economy models allows us to derive robust insights as well as identify
sources of uncertainty with respect to the regional distribution of the costs of climate change
mitigation. We find that regional costs of climate change mitigation may deviate substantially
from the global mean. For all models, the mitigation cost average of the four scenarios
is higher for China than for the other macro-regions considered. Furthermore, China suffers
above-world-average mitigation costs for most burden-sharing rules in the long-term. A
decomposition of mitigation costs into (a) primary (domestic) abatement costs and (b) permit
trade effects, reveals that the large uncertainty about the future development of carbon prices
results in substantial uncertainties about the financial transfers associated with carbon trade
for a given allocation scheme. This variation also implies large uncertainty about the
regional distribution of climate policy costs
Implications of weak near-term climate policies on long-term climate mitigation pathways, Climatic Change
No full textWhile the international community has agreed on the long-term target of
limiting global warming to no more than 2 °C abov e pre-industrial lev els,
only a f ew concrete climate policies and measures to reduce greenhouse
gas (GHG) emissions hav e been implemented. We use a set of three
global integrated assessment models to analy ze the implications of current
climate policies on long-term mitigation targets. We def ine a weak-policy
baseline scenario, which extrapolates the current policy env ironment by
assuming that the global climate regime remains f ragmented and that
emission reduction ef f orts remain unambitious in most of the world’s
regions. These scenarios clearly f all short of limiting warming to 2 °C. We
inv estigate the cost and achiev ability of the stabilization of atmospheric
GHG concentrations at 450 ppm CO2e by 2100, when countries f ollow the
weak policy pathway until 2020 or 2030 bef ore pursuing the long-term
mitigation target with global cooperativ e action. We f ind that af ter a
def erral of ambitious action the 450 ppm CO2e is only achiev able with a
radical up-scaling of ef f orts af ter target adoption. This has sev ere ef f ects
on transf ormation pathway s and exacerbates the challenges of climate
stabilization, in particular f or a delay of cooperativ e action until 2030.
Specif ically , reaching the target with weak near-term action implies (a)
f aster and more aggressiv e transf ormations of energy sy stems in the
medium term, (b) more stranded inv estments in f ossil-based capacities,
(c) higher long-term mitigation costs and carbon prices and (d) stronger
transitional economic impacts, rendering the political f easibility of such
pathway s questionable
Bibliographie Hilarion G. Petzold 1958 – 2009 mit Anhang als Einführung
No full textDieses Archiv enthält die Gesamtbibliographie der Werke des Autors nebst einiger Texte „Über H. G. Petzold“ im Schlussteil der Bibliographie sowie einen Anhang mit einer Einführung in die Architektur des Werkes in seinem wissenslogischen Aufbau als Ausarbeitung seines „Tree of Science Modells“ (2007).This archive contains the complete bibliography of the author and some texts about H. G. Petzold, moreover an epilogue with an introduction to the architecture of the works in its epistemological structure and composition and as an elaborations of Petzold’s „Tree of Science Modell (2007).https://www.fpi-publikation.de/polyloge/01-2009-petzold-h-g-gesamtbibliographie-h-g-petzold-1958-2009-updating-november2009/peerReviewedpublishedVersio
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
No full textWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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3346: Samuel G. Freedman, author, 2013
No full textPhotograph of author Samuel G. Freedman, at NT Daily Slash meeting in the Mayborn School of Journalism at UNT
The economically optimal warming limit of the planet
No full textBoth climate-change damages and climate-change mitigation will incur
economic costs. While the risk of severe damages increases with the level of
global warming (Dell et al., 2014; IPCC, 2014b, 2018; Lenton et al., 2008), mitigating
costs increase steeply with more stringent warming limits (IPCC, 2014a; Luderer et al., 2013;
Rogelj et al., 2015). Here, we show that the global warming limit that
minimizes this century's total economic costs of climate change lies between
1.9 and 2 ∘C, if temperature changes continue to impact national
economic growth rates as observed in the past and if instantaneous growth
effects are neither compensated nor amplified by additional growth effects
in the following years. The result is robust across a wide range of normative
assumptions on the valuation of future welfare and inequality aversion. We
combine estimates of climate-change impacts on economic growth for 186
countries (applying an empirical damage function from Burke et al., 2015)
with mitigation costs derived from a state-of-the-art energy–economy–climate
model with a wide range of highly resolved mitigation options (Kriegler
et al., 2017; Luderer et al., 2013, 2015). Our purely economic assessment,
even though it omits non-market damages, provides support for the
international Paris Agreement on climate change. The political goal of limiting
global warming to “well below 2 degrees” is thus also an economically optimal goal
given above assumptions on adaptation and damage persistence.</p
The Right to Strike under the United States Constitution: Theory, Practice, and Possible Implications for Canada
No full textAnswering critics of the Canadian Supreme Court's judgment in B.C. Health, the author argues that the Court laid the foundation for a principled and durable doctrine protecting constitutional labour rights, one that goes directly to the heart of the matter — the inequality of workers’ power in the employment relation. In the author’s view, two paths could lead from B.C. Health to the recognition of Charter protec- tion for a right to strike: one that treats the right as an accessory to col- lective bargaining, and one that upholds the right directly on the basis of the Charter values of equality and participation. The author supports the latter approach, contending that constitutional rights should be defined in relation to fundamental values, in a way that is not contingent on time-bound or fact-sensitive assessments about the role of strikes within a particular collective bargaining regime. Although a Charter right to strike may involve the courts in difficult choices about when to defer to legislative policy decisions, and courts may lack the institutional capac- ity to deal effectively with labour law issues, the author points out that judges can look to ILO standards for expert guidance. Noting that the U.S. experience in this area might be of considerable use to Canadians, the author concludes by providing an overview of American case law concerning a constitutional right to strike.Peer reviewe
G-Rank: Unsupervised Continuous Learn-to-Rank for Edge Devices in a P2P Network
No full textRanking algorithms in traditional search engines are powered by enormous training data sets that are meticulously engineered and curated by a centralized entity. Decentralized peer-to-peer (p2p) networks such as torrenting applications and Web3 protocols deliberately eschew centralized databases and computational architectures when designing services and features. As such, robust search-and-rank algorithms designed for such domains must be engineered specifically for decentralized networks, and must be lightweight enough to operate on consumer-grade personal devices such as a smartphone or laptop computer. We introduce G-Rank, an unsupervised ranking algorithm designed exclusively for decentralized networks. We demonstrate that accurate, relevant ranking results can be achieved in fully decentralized networks without any centralized data aggregation, feature engineering, or model training. Furthermore, we show that such results are obtainable with minimal data preprocessing and computational overhead, and can still return highly relevant results even when a user’s device is disconnected from the network. G-Rank is highly modular in design, is not limited to categorical data, and can be implemented in a variety of domains with minimal modification. The results herein show that unsupervised ranking models designed for decentralized p2p networks are not only viable, but worthy of further research.https://github.com/awrgold/G-RankComputer Scienc
Author inscription in The Chinese slave-girl: a story of woman's life in China
No full textThis edition includes a gift inscription by author Rev. J.A. Davis, "To Rev. A. G. Russell with the warmest regards of the author J.A. Davis."Davis, John Agnell, 1839-1897
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