124 research outputs found
Transport problems and disintegration maps
No full textBy disintegration of transport plans it is introduced the notion of transport class. This allows to consider the Monge problem as a particular case of the Kantorovich transport problem, once a transport class is fixed. The transport problem constrained to a fixed transport class is equivalent to an abstract Monge problem over a Wasserstein space of probability measures. Concerning solvability of this kind of constrained problems, it turns out that in some sense the Monge problem corresponds to a lucky case
Supplemental Material - Injury Patterns of Electric Scooter-Related Trauma: A Systematic Review With Proportion Meta-Analysis
No full textSupplemental Material for Injury Patterns of Electric Scooter-Related Trauma: A Systematic Review With Proportion Meta-Analysis by Andrea Spota, MD, Stefano Granieri, MD, Luca Ferrario, MD, Beatrice Zamburlini, MD, Simone Frassini, MD, Elisa Reitano, MD, Stefano PB Cioffi, MD, Michele Altomare, MD, Roberto Bini, MD, Francesco Virdis, MD, Osvaldo Chiara, MD, and Stefania Cimbanassi, MD in The American Surgeon™.</p
L’appartenenza dei diritti d’autore
No full textThis article analyzes the evolution of the European Union copyright law, from the perspective of harmonization, with respect to ownership of economic rights on intellectual creation. The results of the analysis seem to support the view that EU law resorted ever since to two models of allocation of rights. In the first place, a rule of individual ownership is restated at European level, although imported from the CUB. Yet, in some instances, where prevalence of the organizational efforts is straightforward and crucial to ensure incentives to employers, a rule of institutional rule is introduced, which involves at least software, databases and design. The author tries to affirm that, when compared with the current dynamics and the modern forms of creation, the harmonized framework is an unfinished painting that the European institutions could complete. The Treaties (particularly as far as the creation of the internal market is concerned) would provide a consistent basis to further harmonization
Analysis of Beam-Induced Quenches of the LHC Cables With a Multi-Strand Model
No full textIn this paper we discuss results of a one-dimensional numerical model to simulate electrical and thermal transients in the superconducting cables for the LHC machine, with specific reference to the analysis of quench due to the heat released by beam losses. Two models have been developed, one based on the analysis of the behavior of a single strand, whereas the other accounts for all the strands in the multi-strand cable. As a first step the stability margin is computed considering the single strand subjected to a variable magnetic field and heat deposit along its length. The impact of the field non-uniformity is assessed by comparison with computations performed assuming a uniform field in the cable cross section. The results of this model are compared to those obtained with the multi-strand model. The numerical results are discussed in terms of current and heat redistribution between strands, and stability margin of the cable
Deconstructing NFTs as Decentralized Digital Property
No full textAs one of the many applications of the blockchain, non-fungible tokens (NFTs) are artificially unique digital assets that can be used in a variety of situations and, according to many, are set to revolutionise the digital world and mark a milestone in the evolution of markets in the so called Web 3.0. As objects of property, routed in the blockchain, NFTs promise to replace many institutions of the traditional legal order, including property and contracts in the way we are used to think of. The announced digital disruption will create a convergence in ownership that so far comparative legal scholars failed to observe in state legislation.
Against this view, we propose a critical reassessment of tokens, by deconstructing NFTs as digital property and characterise them rather as objects in possession. We believe that, under a variety of use cases, possession better qualifies the relationship between the owner and the NFT and is consistent with a view of digital assets that are not dependent on a specific legal system, while allowing an acceptable degree of legal protection in case of interference with the owner’s prerogatives
Reformation Instability in Elastic Solids
No full textThe reformation of a body fundamentally involves the mapping of one natural reference configuration of it into another natural reference configuration. The mass and the constitutive properties of the material remain unaltered, but the overall shape of the reference configuration generally changes. If, when a natural reference configuration is distorted, there is a portion of the boundary of the body that is displacement controlled, then a reformation of the body must be such that the original displacement controlled part of the boundary and its reformation are identical. In common applications that involve reformation, the remainder of the boundary is traction-free and a reformation essentially involves a change of the morphology of this traction-free surface. For example, undulations are often a characteristic feature of the reformation of a free, plane boundary surface. Reformations are a result of a material instability and they may associate with a chemically induced diffusive processes in which particles of the body move into preferred places. Fundamentally, a reformation is generated in response to the drive to lower the total stored energy of the body. In this work we are not concerned with the physical processes that take place during reformation, but rather we are concerned with characterizing the onset of the instability. We develop a variational characterization of the reformation instability for a nonlinear elastic body and we include the effect of surface energy. As an example, we consider the axial deformation of a circular cylinder and argue that small scale nano-wires, for which the diameter-to-length ratio is sufficiently small, are expected to be stable with respect to spatial variations when extended. Moreover, we observe that if the surfacial energy function is sufficiently convex at the undistorted state such wires may also be stable with respect to spatial variations when compressed. We then show that such small scale nano-wires are unstable with respect to reformation when either extended or compressed. © 2011 Springer Science+Business Media B.V
Opzioni Finanziarie
No full textSi analizza il funzionamento delle principali opzioni finanziarie e se ne descrive dettagliatamente il diagramma di payoffs. Infine si fa riferimento al complesso problema del pricing di generali prodotti derivati
Simultaneous Guillain-Barre' syndrome and active human herpesvirus 6 infection in the central nervous system
No full textHuman herpesvirus-6 (HHV-6) has been proposed as a possible agent in the development of Guillain-Barrè Syndrome (GBS) but this association is founded upon very limited observations. We analysed by nested PCR the CSF of 16 patients with GBS, to detect footprints of viral infection. All samples were negative after the first round of amplification, but 4 specimens resulted positive after nested PCR. Restriction enzyme analysis showed that all 4 positive samples harboured HHV-6 variant A sequences. The detection of HHV-6 DNA in the CSF is a strong indication that the virus is actively replicating within the CNS. The detection of active HHV-6 infection in the CNS during the clinical course of GBS suggests that not only preceding, but also concurrent infections might be associated to GBS, and that HHV-6 infection might induce significant demyelinating effects, ranging from GBS to Multiple Sclerosis
Novel human herpesviruses and multiple sclerosis
No full textIt has been suggested that human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6) might be involved in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis (MS). However, studies of the association between HHV-6 and MS are hindered by the difficulty in discriminating between latent and active infection. We undertook a study to determine whether HHV-6 establish a systemic active infection in the course of MS, and to investigate possible roles of HHV-7, a herpesvirus closely related to HHV-6. To discriminate between latent and active infection, we analysed viral transcription. The results indicate that both viruses are prevalent in PBMCs of MS patients as in healthy controls, and that viral sequences are maintained in a non-transcriptional state. These observations indicate that further studies should define the state of viral persistence in the central nervous system
Human herpesvirus 6 is latent in peripheral blood of patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis
No full textStudies of the association between HHV-6 and multiple sclerosis are hindered by the difficulty in discriminating between latent and active infection. A follow up study was undertaken of patients with multiple sclerosis, searching peripheral blood mononuclear cells for molecular markers associated with HHV-6 latency and lytic replication. The results show that HHV-6 is latent and did not support systemic infection in patients with multiple sclerosis. Likewise, patients with multiple sclerosis did not show any evidence of active infection with other human herpesviruses HHV-7 and HHV-8
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