1,721,177 research outputs found
The linguistic ingredients of recipes: aspect, causation, and argument structure
No full textRecipes outline goal-oriented procedures involving sequential actions with specific durations aimed at achieving precise outcomes. Ingredients are moved into different containers and undergo various processes, ultimately turning into new entities. The structure and complexity of recipes make them an exciting domain for AI and Natural Language Understanding research, for the challenges they pose and their potential for establishing benchmarks. Accurate understanding of procedures is paramount and involves correct interpretation of the sequence and duration of the various processes, as well as of the causal relationships expressed in each step. This paper aims to provide a thorough linguistic and textual analysis of recipe texts, exploring their nature, structure, and genre variations. It provides an in-depth examination of their primary linguistic functions, adopting a multi-language approach that involves analysing authentic recipes in typologically distinct languages such as English, Italian, and Chinese. The analysis consists of a function-form study of four main semantic frames, aimed at determining how different languages encode temporal and aspectual information, causal relationships such as caused motion and caused change of state, and resultant objects
Pragmatics as the secret ingredient: a multilingual study of reference tracking and evolving anaphors in culinary narratives
Full text linkAnaphora resolution, namely the correct interpretation of anaphoric means, poses numerous
challenges for natural language processing (NLP) technologies, particularly when approached from a multilingual perspective. Reference tracking mechanisms exhibit considerable cross- linguistic variation, with some languages heavily relying on inference and common sense. Ad- ditional complexities are introduced by phenomena such as null pronouns, partial coreference, and evolving anaphora, namely an expression that refers to an entity which, in the interim, has undergone changes in its properties or attributes. Crucially, these phenomena are frequent in procedural texts such as recipes, where precise coreference disambiguation is essential for the successful execution of tasks in a technologically driven culinary landscape. The present paper delves into the complexity and variation of reference tracking across languages NLP systems need to face. After an overview of coreference encoding and resolution from a cross-linguistic perspective, with a focus on zero, bridging, and evolving anaphors, it seeks to unravel the in- tricacies of anaphoric encoding in culinary narratives through a study of the type, frequency, and nature of anaphoric devices used in authentic recipe texts. It examines texts in English, Italian, and Chinese, which differ substantially in terms of coreference tracking systems and in the degree of reliance on inference for disambiguation
Semantic Data Retrieval and Integration for Supporting Artworks Interpretation Through Integrative Narrative Networks
Full text linkSignificant recent advances in AI are progressively giving Digital Humanities a range of powerful tools to analyse and contextualise artworks using techniques from computer vision, pattern recognition, ontology engineering, natural language processing, and the semantic web. These tools help to analyse artworks and link them to insightful descriptions. However, to obtain the full potential of these tools we need to tackle two issues: (i) how to integrate the fragmented and sometimes contradictory information these various tools provide, and (ii) how to make it much easier for art historians, curators, and artists to use and extend these tools.
This paper addressed these questions with a focus on semantic web information retrieval and integration. It introduces a data structure called an Integrative Narrative Network (INN) that supports the integration of information from different knowledge sources, which formally represents the process of understanding as a question-answering approach. It further introduces the ongoing development of a tool by which an art historian can build up narrative networks by retrieving and selecting information queried from online available Knowledge Graphs. In particular, we show how semantic web resources can help to raise questions and find answers to them, through the real case study of a Late Renaissance artwork interpretation
Aqua Granda Una memoria collettiva digitale / Aqua Granda A digital community memory
Full text linkThis book documents the project Aqua Granda, a digital community memory launched on 12 Novem- ber 2020 by the EU H2020 ODYCCEUS project and Science Gallery Venice. It contains background on the historical roots of digital community memories and on today’s role of social media and describes the meteorological phenomena that give rise to big floods in Venice and their impact on the architecture of the city. It details how a digital community memory has been set up about the Aqua Granda floods in Venice and documents the exhibition Navigating Aqua Granda, a digital community memory in which a number of ODYCCEUS scientists and artists show how they have explored this digital community memory to help create memorials for these devastating events
Chapitre 9. L’origine et l’évolution du langage
No full textHow can we explain the appearance, the evolution and the diversity of languages in human societies? To address these questions Luc Steels supports the hypothesis of an analogy between the mechanisms of language evolution and those of biological evolution: namely processes of replication / transmission, mutation and selection, to which are added prioritization processes at different levels of organization. After showing examples of the intervention of such processes in languages, Luc Steels explains the methods emerging from Artificial Intelligence and robotics which allow him to test his hypothesis through various experiments. In these experiments he first shows how Artificial Intelligences, interacting with one other, brings out a common vocabulary, and a common meaning given to each word of this vocabulary. And beyond that, still through such interactions, he shows how can emerge and why, there can also be emergence of elementary grammatical structures such as number or gender agreements or even more complex structures such as sentence nests. To conclude, he reasserts the idea that languages are permanently changing cultural systems, under the effect of dynamics of a nature similar to those at work in the evolution of species, while acknowledging that this idea is far from winning unanimous support
The emergence of embodied communication in artificial agents and humans
No full textThis chapter discusses the emergence of new communication systems and their expansion and adaptation in usage. It presents studies that focus exclusively on the mapping from meaning to form and from form to meaning. It discusses how the methodology is extended to consider the whole system involved in successful communication: from perception to language and from language to real world action in embodied agents. It also compares experiments on robotic modeling of emergent embodied communication with the empirical data coming from experiments with human subjects. Both lines of research provide exciting new evidence that abstract communication can emerge from concrete, practical interactions.The preparation of this chapter was promoted and supported by the Center for Interdisciplinary Research of the University of Bielefeld. Bruno Galantucci’s project was supported by an NIH grant (DC-03782) to Haskins laboratories. This research of Luc Steels and coworkers was supported by the Sony computer Science Laboratory under a EU FET grant ECAgents (IST-1940).Peer reviewe
In-depth analysis of the naming game dynamics: The homogeneous mixing case
No full textLanguage emergence and evolution have recently gained growing attention through multi-agent models and mathematical frameworks to study their behavior. Here we investigate further the Naming Game, a model able to account for the emergence of a shared vocabulary of form-meaning associations through social/cultural learning. Due to the simplicity of both the structure of the agents and their interaction rules, the dynamics of this model can be analyzed in great detail using numerical simulations and analytical arguments. This paper first reviews some existing results and then presents a new overall understanding
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
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