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Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Analisis Taṣarrufāt al-Rasūl menurut Ibnu ‘Ᾱsyūr dan relevansinya dalam pengembangan hukum saham syariah di Indonesia
Get PDFINDONESIA:
Problem akademik yang diangkat dalam penelitian ini adalah adanya kesenjangan antara fatwa-fatwa saham syariah yang dikeluarkan oleh DSN-MUI dengan nilai-nilai taṣarrufāt al-Rasūl dan maqāṣid al-syarī‘ah Ibnu 'Asyur, di mana pendekatan fatwa yang tradisional lebih menitikberatkan pada aspek halal-haram dan kurang mempertimbangkan keseimbangan antara risiko, keuntungan, inovasi, serta keadilan distribusi kekayaan. Akibatnya, muncul ambiguitas dalam praktik pasar modal syariah, ditambah dengan regulasi yang belum sepenuhnya selaras dengan tujuan utama syariah, yakni kemaslahatan, fleksibilitas, moderasi, dan keadilan.
Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis: 1) konstruksi sumber dan genealogi pemikiran Ibnu 'Asyur; 2) pemikiran Ibnu ‘Ᾱsyūr tentang taṣarrufāt al-Rasūl; 3) metode istinbāṭ hukum yang digagas oleh Ibnu ‘Ᾱsyūr menggunakan analisis taṣarrufāt al-Rasūl; 4) penerapan pemikiran Ibnu ‘Ᾱsyūr tentang taṣarrufāt al-Rasūl dalam transaksi saham syariah di Indonesia; dan 5) implikasi pemikiran Ibnu ‘Ᾱsyūr terhadap pengembangan hukum saham syariah di Indonesia.
Kerangka teori yang digunakan mencakup teori maqāṣid al-syarī‘ah oleh Jasser Auda dan teori genealogi ilmu oleh Ibn Khaldūn sebagai grand theory. Untuk middle range theory, digunakan teori taṣarrufāt al-Rasūl yang dikemukakan oleh al-Qarāfī. Adapun sebagai applied theory, digunakan teori maslahah mursalah yang dikembangkan oleh Wahbah al-Zuhaylī dan Yusuf al-Qaradawi.
Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah deskriptif analitis dengan pendekatan yuridis-normatif dan yuridis-empirik, serta bersifat kualitatif. Teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui observasi, studi pustaka, wawancara mendalam, dan dokumentasi.
Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: 1) konstruksi sumber dan genealogi pemikiran Ibnu ‘Ᾱsyūr merupakan sintesis warisan klasik, dinamika sosial, dan metode modern. Warisan maqāṣid direkonstruksi oleh Ibnu ‘Ᾱsyūr dalam kerangka modern dengan nilai-nilai baru yang menjadikannya dikategorikan sebagai ulama tradisionalis rasionalis. Rasionalisme dan fikih Mālikī diintegrasikan sebagai jembatan antara teks dan realitas. Maqāṣid ditransformasikan menjadi sistem hukum yang responsif terhadap nilai-nilai kemanusiaan universal; 2) pemikiran Ibnu ‘Ᾱsyūr tentang taṣarrufāt al-Rasūl menampilkan paradigma kajian sunah yang rasional dan kontekstual. Ia membedakan antara satu peran kenabian dengan peran yang lain. Tidak semua tindakan Nabi dipahami sebagai hukum mengikat; 3) metode istinbāṭ hukum yang digagas Ibnu ‘Ᾱsyūr menggunakan analisis taṣarrufāt al-Rasūl dengan menarik hukum dari hadis dan mempertimbangkan konteks sosial, budaya, ekonomi, hukum dan politik saat itu. Maqāṣid al-syarī‘ah menjadi fondasi utama istinbāṭ yang menjaga relevansi hukum dengan nilai dasar Islam; 4) penerapan pemikiran Ibnu ‘Ᾱsyūr dalam transaksi saham syariah di Indonesia belum maksimal diterapkan secara normatif dan adaptif. Meskipun maqāṣid al-syarī‘ah telah diakomodasi dalam fatwa DSN-MUI secara implisit, namun pendekatan istinbāṭ belum sepenuhnya responsif terhadap dinamika pasar; dan 5) implikasi pemikiran Ibnu ‘Ᾱsyūr terhadap pengembangan hukum saham syariah di Indonesia sangat signifikan. Taṣarrufāt dipahami sebagai refleksi praksis kenabian yang adaptif terhadap perubahan zaman.
ENGLISH:
The academic problem addressed in this study is the gap between the fatwas on Islamic stocks issued by the National Sharia Board-Indonesian Council of Ulama (DSN-MUI) and the values of taṣarrufāt al-Rasūl and maqāṣid al-sharī‘ah as conceptualized by Ibn ‘Āshūr. The traditional approach to fatwas tends to focus primarily on the halal-haram dichotomy, often neglecting the balance between risk, profit, innovation, and the equitable distribution of wealth. As a result, ambiguity arises in the practice of the Islamic capital market, compounded by regulations that are not yet fully aligned with the core objectives of sharia, namely public interest (maṣlaḥah), flexibility, moderation, and justice.
The objectives of this study are to analyze: 1) the construction of sources and the genealogy of Ibnu ‘Āshūr's thought; 2) Ibnu ‘Āshūr's perspective on taṣarrufāt al-Rasūl; 3) the method of istinbāṭ (derivation of Islamic law) proposed by Ibnu ‘Āshūr using the analysis of taṣarrufāt al-Rasūl; 4) the application of Ibnu ‘Āshūr's thoughts on taṣarrufāt al-Rasūl in sharia stock transactions in Indonesia; 5) the implications of Ibnu ‘Āshūr's thought for the development of sharia stock law in Indonesia.
The theoretical framework consists of maqāṣid al-sharī‘ah theory as developed by Jasser Auda and the genealogy of knowledge theory by Ibn Khaldūn as the grand theory. For the middle-range theory, the study employs taṣarrufāt al-Rasūl theory as formulated by al-Qarāfī. As for the applied theory, the research uses the theory of maslahah mursalah developed by Wahbah al-Zuhaylī and Yusuf al-Qaradawi.
The research method employed is descriptive-analytical using a juridical-normative and juridical-empirical approach with a qualitative nature. Data collection techniques are conducted through observation, literature study, in-depth interviews, and documentation.
The results of the study show that: 1) the formation of sources and the genealogy of Ibn ‘Āshūr’s thought represent a synthesis of classical heritage, social dynamics, and modern methodology. Ibn ‘Āshūr reconstructed the legacy of maqāṣid within a modern framework imbued with new values, leading to his classification as a traditionalist rationalist scholar. Rationalism and Mālikī jurisprudence are integrated as a bridge between text and social reality. Maqāṣid are transformed into a responsive legal system centered on universal human values; 2) Ibn ‘Āshūr’s view on taṣarrufāt al-Rasūl presents a rational and contextual paradigm for interpreting the Prophet’s Sunnah. He differentiates between the Prophet’s various roles and does not regard all of his actions as legally binding; 3) the istinbāṭ method proposed by Ibn ‘Āshūr involves analyzing the Prophet’s actions while taking into account the historical, social, cultural, economic, legal, and political context. Maqāṣid al-sharī‘ah serves as the main foundation of his legal reasoning to ensure alignment with the core values of Islam; 4) the application of Ibn ‘Āshūr’s thought in the context of Islamic stock transactions in Indonesia has yet to be fully realized, both normatively and adaptively. While maqāṣid al-sharī‘ah are implicitly present in DSN-MUI fatwas, the approach to istinbāṭ has not been entirely responsive to market dynamics; and 5) the implications of Ibn ‘Āshūr’s thought on the development of Islamic stock law in Indonesia are highly significant. Taṣarrufāt are viewed as reflective of the Prophet’s practical leadership, adaptable to changing times.
ملخّARABIC:
المشكلة الأكاديميّة الّتي تناولها هذا البحث تتمثّل في وجود فجوة بين الفتاوى المتعلقة بأسهم الشّريعة الصّادرة عن الهيئة الشّرعية الوطنيّة لمجلس العلماء الإندونيسيّ (DSN-MUI) وبين قيم تصرّفات الرّسول ومقاصد الشّريعة عند ابن عاشور؛ حيث إنّ النّهج التّقليديّ في إصدار الفتوى يركّز على جانب الحلال والحرام فقط، دون أن يأخذ في الاعتبار التّوازن بين المخاطر والأرباح والابتكار والعدالة في توزيع الثّروة. ونتيجة لذلك، ظهرت حالة من الغموض في ممارسة السّوق الماليّة الإسلاميّة، إلى جانب أنّ الأنظمة المعمول بها لا تزال غير منسجمة تمامًا مع الغايات الأساسيّة للشّريعة، وهي المصلحة والمرونة والاعتدال والعدالة.
ويهدف هذا البحث إلى تحليل ما يلي: 1) بناء المصادر والنّسب الفكريّ لفكر ابن عاشور؛ 2) فكر ابن عاشور حول تصرّفات الرّسول؛ 3) منهجيّة استنباط الحكم الشّرعيّ الّتي وضعها ابن عاشور باستخدام تحليل تصرّفات الرّسول؛ 4) تطبيق فكر ابن عاشور حول تصرّفات الرّسول في معاملات أسهم الشّريعة في إندونيسيا، 5) آثار فكر ابن عاشور على تطوير فقه أسهم الشّريعة في إندونيسيا.
أمّا الإطار النّظريّ المستخدم فيشمل نظريّة مقاصد الشّريعة لجاسر عودة ونظريّة سلالة المعرفة لابن خلدون باعتبارهما الإطار النّظريّ العامّ. أمّا في مستوى النّظريّة الوسطى فتمّ استخدام نظريّة تصرّفات الرّسول الّتي طرحها القرافيّ. وبالنّسبة للنّظريّة التّطبيقيّة، تمّ اعتماد نظريّة المصلحة المرسلة كما طوّرها وهبة الزّحيليّ ويوسف القرضاويّ.
وقد تمّ استخدام المنهج الوصفيّ التّحليليّ باستخدام نهج القانون المعياريّ والقانون التّطبيقيّ بطبيعة نوعيّة. وجُمعت البيانات من خلال الملاحظة والدّراسة المكتبيّة والمقابلات المعمّقة والتّوثيق.
وتوصلت نتائج البحث إلى ما يلي: 1) إنّ بناء مصادر فكر ابن عاشور ونسبه العلميّ هو تركيب بين التّراث الكلاسيكيّ والدّيناميكيّات الاجتماعية والمناهج الحديثة. وقد أعاد ابن عاشور بناء تراث المقاصد في إطار حديث وبقيم جديدة، مما جعله يُصنَّف ضمن العلماء التقليديين العقلانيين. كما دمج بين العقلانيّة والفقه المالكيّ ليكونا جسراً بين النّص والواقع. وقد حوّل المقاصد إلى نظام قانونيّ يستجيب للقيم الإنسانيّة الكونيّة؛ 2) يظهر فكر ابن عاشور في تصرّفات الرّسول قراءة عقلانيّة وسياقيّة للسّنّة ويميّز بين أدوار النّبيّ المختلفة ولا يعتبر كلّ أفعاله ملزمة تشريعيّاً؛ 3) اعتمد ابن عاشور في منهجيّة استنباطه على تحليل تصرّفات الرّسول مستخرجًا الأحكام من الأحاديث مع مراعاة السّياق الاجتماعيّ والثّقافيّ والاقتصاديّ والسّياسيّ. وقد جعل من مقاصد الشّريعة أساسًا للاستنباط لضمان اتّساق الأحكام مع القيم الإسلاميّة الأساسيّة؛ 4) لم يتمّ تطبيق فكر ابن عاشور في معاملات الأسهم الشّرعيّة في إندونيسيا بشكل كافٍ، سواء من حيث البعد النّظريّ أو التّكيّفيّ. وعلى الرّغم من تضمين مقاصد الشّريعة ضمنيًّا في فتاوى الهيئة إلّا أنّ منهجيّة الاستنباط لا تزال غير مستجيبة بالكامل لتطوّرات السّوق؛ 5) إنّ لفكر ابن عاشور تأثيرًا كبيرًا على تطوير فقه أسهم الشّريعة في إندونيسيا. فقد فُهمت تصرّفات الرّسول على أنّها ممارسة نبويّة مرنة تتكيّف مع التّغيّرات الزّمنيّة
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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